Exercises for unit 10-12 Part Ⅰ Vocabulary (0.5*40=20) If you are not _____, your parents will probably be annoyed with you. A. current B. acceptable C. obedient D. alien The black population is _____ curfew and repression. A. denied B. defied C. disobeyed D. disrespected His manner was cold and _____ to the beggar. A. enthusiastic B. neutral C. indifferent D. concerned His words came out in quick ______ . A. success B. successor C. successive D. succession She _____ for the professor who was ill. A. substituted B. changed C. shifted D. replaced Foreigners are _____ the law of the country. A. subject to B. object to C. tend to D. ready to It is strange that Mary is _____ while her mother is beautiful. A. dull B. plain C. humble D. raw I _____ fatigue, and excuse myself. A. appealed B. pleaded C. begged D. petitioned Age has left its _____ on his face. A. trace B. track C. scar D. stain The cat ______ silently towards the bird. A. crawled B. crept C. crouched D. glided Their duty is to ______ their country against both domestic and foreign enemies’ attack. A. defend B. defer C. defeat D. delete Cake _____ flour, sugar and some other ingredients. A. consists of B. composes of C. is comprised of D. includes of I don’t bear ______ to you, come up and have a cup of tea with me. A. curiosity B. initiative C. malice D. convenience She took a _______ pleasure in hurting others. A. malignant B. malicious C. malevolent D. malign They were ______ into silence by the king. A. awful B. awkward C. axe D. awed His story of how he rescued the cat from the bottom of the well was quite ______ . A. dramatic B. dramatics C. drama D. dramatize Rembrandt’s self-portraits are works of _______ . A. genie B. genesis C. genuine D. genius These soldiers will _____ you through the forest. A. accompany B. deliver C. send D. escort He _____ about taking the position. A. hesitated B. faltered C. vacillated D. wavered She had a great ______ for the town where she grew up. A. affection B. affectation C. infection D. affectionate. There are three colors in the British flag, ______, red, white and blue. A. shortly B. reluctantly C. namely D. necessarily He has not a dollar _______ , but he is working hard to earn money. A. to his name B. in his name C. under his name D. on his name I offer the information ______ that it may prove useful. A. by any chance B. on a chance C. by chance D. on the chance He proclaimed his innocence and _______ his accusers to confront him openly. A. contested B. challenged C. exclaimed D. acclaimed You see the lightning ______ it happens, but you hear the thunder later. A. the instant B. for an instant C. on the instant D. in an instant The circus audience _______ in amazement as she put her head in the tiger’s mouth. A. grasped B. gasped C. breathed D. gashed The government has promised to take ______ to help the laid-off workers find new jobs. A. a measure B. measures C. step D. measurement She often _______ her clothes according to the latest fashion. A. changes B. varies C. alters D. alternates The judge offered the criminal the _______ of a fine or six months in prison. A. altitude B. alteration C. alternation D. alternative She wants to know whether the measures have been ______ . A. agreed B. agreed with C. agreed upon D. agreed over The fact that the management is trying to reach agreement _______ five separate unions has led to long negotiations. A. over B. upon C. in D. with She was tired of ______ trips to the grocery, school and office. A. constant B. continual C. continuous D. nonstop ______ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed. A. At B. By C. On D. For Children who are overprotected by their parents may become _______ . A. damaged B. spoiled C. harmed D. hurt I asked him for a job under the ______ that he was the manager --- but he was not. A. idea B. impression C. thought D. conception The novel is a _____ story of love and hate. A. amusing B. gripping C. attracting D. gripped The information is _____ the appropriate government department. A. fed up B. fed back to C. fed to D. fed on In previous times, when fresh meat was in short ______ , pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food. A. store B. provision C. reserve D. supply --- I saw you at the race track last week. --- I go quite often, but I bet _____. A. occasionally B. barely C. indignantly D. usually The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _____ by the police each time. A. had been captured B. being always captured C. only to be captured D. unfortunately captured Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (2*20=40) Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them the re are four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). you should decide on the best choice. Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage: It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive(欺骗性的) packaging rumpus(喧嚣) started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10.5 ounces, without any reduction in price. There were still twelve biscuits, but they had been reduced in size. Later, the Senator rightly complained of a store-bought pie in a handsomely illustrated box that pictured, in a single slice, almost as many cherries as there were in the whole pie. The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package size to lower the quantity delivered can, without undue hardship, put h is product into boxes, bags, and tins that will contain even 4 ounce, 8 ounce, one pound, two pound quantities of breakfast foods, cake mixes, etc. A study of drugstore(杂货店) and supermarket shelves will convince any observer that all possible size and shapes of boxes, jars, bottles, and tins are in use at the same time, and, as the package journals show, week by week, there is never any hesitation in introducing a new size and shape of box or bottle when it aids in pro duct differentiation. The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes, materials, shape, art work, and net weights that are used for improving a product's market position. When a packaging expert explained that he was able to multiply the price of hard sweets by 2.5, from 1 dollar to 2.50 dollars by changing to a fancy jar, or that he had made a 5 ounce bottle look as thought it held 8 ounces, he was in effect telling the public that packaging can be a very expensive luxury. It evidently does come high, when an average family pays about 200 dollars a year for bottles, cans, boxes, jars and other containers, most of which can't be used anything but stuffing the garbage can. 41. What started the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus? A) Consumers' complaints about the changes in the package size. B) Expensive packaging for poor quality products. C) A senator's discovery of the tricks in packaging. D) The rise in the unit price for many products. 42. The word "undue" (Line 2, Para.2) means"__________". A) improper B) adequate C) unexpected D) excessive 43. Consumers are concerned about the changes in the package size, mainly because _____. A) they hate to see any changes in things they are familiar with B) the unit price for a product often rises as a result C) they have to pay for the cost of changing package sizes. D) this entails an increase in the cost of packaging 44. According to this passage, various types of packaging come into existence to______. A) meet the needs of consumers B) suit all kinds of products C) enhance the market position of products D) introduce new products 45. The author is critical mainly of __________. A) dishonest packaging B) inferior packaging C) the changes in package size D) exaggerated illustrations on packages. Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage: If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firm s have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labour is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment. The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm's hierarchy. While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United Stated. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can't effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear. 46. Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies? A) They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills. B) They see the gaining of skills as their employees' own business. C) They attach more importance to workers than equipment. D) They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition. 47. What is the position of the head of human-resource management in an American firm? A) He is one of the most important executives in the firms. B) His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced. C) He is directly under the chief financial executive. D) He has no say in making important decisions in the firm. 48. The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to _____. A) workers who can operate new equipment B) technological and managerial staff C) workers who lack basic background skills D) top executives 49. According to the passage, the decisive factor in maintaining a firm's competitive advantage is __________. A) the introduction of new technologies B) the improvement of worker's basic skills C) the rational composition of professional and managerial employees D) the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employees 50. What is the main idea of the passage? A) American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human-resource management. B) Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human-resource management . C) The head of human-resource management must be in the central position in a firm's hierarchy. D) The human-resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity. Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage: The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject(研究对象). Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul--the quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a king's servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king, But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the king's biography-not for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate. There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly. When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus(耶稣) found in the Bible are in this class. Biographers may claim that their account is the "authentic" one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is "authorized" by the subject; this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. "Unauthorized" biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the "unauthorized" characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even sever al "authentic" ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell "the" story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography. 51. According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who ________. A) knows the subject very well and yet maintains a proper distance from him B) is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writing C) is independent and treats the subject with fairness and objectivity D) possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject 52. The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that______. A) the best biographies are meant to transform their readers B) biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects' lives C) the best biographies are those of heroes and famous figures D) biographies can serve different purposes 53. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage? A) An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers. B) An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject. C) No one can write a perfect biography. D) Authorized biographies have a wider readership. 54. An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because __________. A) it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividly B) it contains interesting information about the subject's private life C) it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsiders D) it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subject's character 55. In this passage, the author focuses on __________. A) the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his job B) the secret of a biographer to win more readers C) the techniques required of a biographer to write a good biography D) the characteristics of different kinds of biographies Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage: Whether the eyes are "the windows of the soul" is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby's life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. T he eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother's back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode(把…编码) or decode(理解) meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the "proper place to focus one's gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one's conversation partner." The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined; speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure the selves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses. 56. The author is convinced that the eyes are __________. A) of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideas B) something through which one can see a person's inner world C) of considerable significance in making conversations interesting D) something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate 57. Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person __________ . A) whose front view is fully perceived B) whose face is covered with a mask C) whose face is seen from the side D) whose face is free of any covering 58. According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner's neck because __________. A) they don't like to keep their eyes on the face of the speaker B) they need not communicate through eye contact C) they don't think it polite to have eye contact D) they didn't have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood 59. According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to ___. A) one temporarily glancing away from the other B) eye contact of more than one second C) improperly-timed ceasing of eye contact D) constant adjustment of eye contact 60. To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants ______. A) not to wear dark spectacles B) not to make any interruptions C) not to glance away from each other D) not to make unpredictable pauses Part three: sentence rewriting. (1*10=10) Directions: rewrite the following sentenced according to the requirements. The honking of the ambulance which would take Mary away came from the distance.(using a prepositional phrase at the beginning of the sentence. ) A salt cellar and a pepper-pot were on the mantelpiece.( using a prepositional phrase at the beginning of the sentence.) If Gala had not been determined to end the tyranny, he would not have had the courage to challenge the king’s wishes. ( using the inversion in the clause of unreal conditions) If Shaka were living today, he would be called a tyrant.( using the inversion in the clause of unreal conditions) When all the materials have been collected and arranged in order, the textbook compliers begin to feel relieved.(using an adverbial in the front-position beginning with only for emphasis.) The assistant did not come to offer his services until he was sure that the student had finished browsing.(using the inverted order.) He has not only a first-class brain but he is a tremendous hard worker as well.(using the inverted order.) They had no sooner begun their supper than the telephone rang again. (using the inverted order.) We thought Joe would make an enlightening speech on travel. But contrary to our expectations, we find that he was quite ignorant on the subject. (using only+ infinitive to express result.) There are some fools in the world who lift a rock to hit others, but beyond expectations it lands on their own feet. (using only+ infinitive to express result.) Part four: translation. (2*5=10) Directions: translate the following sentences into English. 很清楚，在粗鲁的顾客面前，一些售货员感到很难保持礼貌待客。 上星期下了一场大雪，接连好几天都很潮湿。 困兽犹斗。一个人在绝望的时候什么事情都干的出来。 当他赶到长途汽车站时，最后一班车已在10分钟前开走了。 如果你阅读时每当遇到一个新词就查词典，你的阅读速度就不可能提高。 Part five: Writing (20) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes t o write a composition on the topic My View on Job-Hopping. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1.有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为…… 2.有些人喜欢经常更换工作，因为…… 3.我的看法 词汇补充练习题 1.. His career was not noticeably ______by the fact that he had never been to college. A) prevented B) prevented C) hindered D) refrained 2. When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or you will be ______ in deeper. A) absorbed B) pushed C) heaved D) sucked 3. To ____ for his unpleasant experiences he drank a little more than was good for him. A) commence B) compromise C) compensate D) compliment 4. All visitors are requested to __________ with the regulations. A) comply B) agree C) assist D) consent 5. The captain __________ the horizon for approaching ships. A) scanned B) scrutinized C) explored D) swept 6. The vast majority of people in any given culture will _____established standards of that culture. A) confine B) conform C) confront D) confirm 7. Although he was on a diet, the food __________ him enormously. A) inspired B) tempted C) overcame D) encouraged 8. His argument does not suggest that mankind can _____ to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources. A) resort B) grant C) afford D) entitle 9. If you want this pain killer, you'll have to ask the doctor for a ______. A) receipt B) recipe C) subscription D) prescription 10. Some fish have a greater __________ for acid water than others. A) tolerance B) resistance C) dependence D) persistence 11. There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in _____ with its surroundings. A) coincidence B) harmony C) uniform D) alliance 12. The court considers a financial ______ to be an appropriate way of punishing him. A) payment B) obligation C) option D) penalty 13. It is true that____ a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requires much research time. A) multiplying B) breeding C) magnifying D) generating 14. The government has devoted a larger slice of its national ______ to agriculture than most other countries. A) resources B) potential C) budget D) economy 15. In this poor country, survival is still the leading industry; all else is ______. A) luxury B) accommodation C) entertainment D) refreshment 16. Some criminals were printing __________ dollar bills until they were arrested. A) decent B) fake C) patent D) suspicious 17. Mr. Bloom is not __________ now, but he will be famous someday. A) significant B) dominant C) magnificent D) prominent 18. His body temperature has been _____ for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade. A) uncommon B) disordered C) abnormal D) extraordinary 19. He seems to be __________ enough to climb to the mountain top in an hour. A) radiant B) conscientious C) conspicuous D) energetic 20. Although cats cannot see in complete darkness their eyes are much more __________ to light than are human eyes. A) glowing B) brilliant C) sensitive D) gloomy 21. While nuclear weapons present grave __________ dangers, the predominant crisis of overpopulation is with us today. A) inevitable B) constant C) overwhelming D) potential 22. This is the ______ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works. A) true B) original C) real D) genuine 23. Comparison and contrast are often used __________ in advertisements. A) intentionally B) pertinently C) incidentally D) tiresomely 24. A complete investigation into the causes of the accident should lead to improved standards and should __________ new operating procedures. A) result is B) match with C) subject to D) proceed with 25. ______ popular belief that classical music is too complex, it achieves a simplicity that only a genius can create. A) Subject to B) Contrary to C) Familiar to D) Similar to 26. The bond of true affection had pulled us six very different men from six very different countries across Antarctica; we proved in the end that we weren't very different __________. A) for all B) as usual C) in particular D) after all 27. Though her parents __________ her musical ability, Jerrilou's piano playing is really terrible. A) pour scorn on B) heap praise upon C) give vent to D) cast light upon 28. Some children display an __________ curiosity about every new thing they encounter. A) incredible B) infectious C) incompatible D) inaccessible 29. Bruce Stephen gripped the __________ wheel hard as the car bounced up and down. A) stirring B) driving C) steering D) revolving 30. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged ____ how great their achievements are. in spite of B) in ways of C) in favor of D) in terms of 31.The Space Age ______ in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union. A) initiated B) originated C) embarked D) commenced 32.John said that he didn't quite _______ and asked me to repeat what I had said. A) snatch up B) summon up C) catch on D) watch out 33.When he tried to make a ______ , he found that the hotel that he wanted was completely filled because of a convention. complaint B) claim C) reservation D) decision 34.A budget of five dollars a day is totally _______ for a trip round Europe. A) inadequate B) incapable C) incompatible D) invalid 35.In our highly technological society, the number of jobs for unskilled worker is ______. A) shrinking B) obscuring C) altering D) constraining 36.The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to ______ the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported. A) decrease B) subtract C) minimize D) degrade 37.If the world is to remain peaceful the utmost effort must be made by nations to limit local _____ . A) collisions B) combats C) contradictions D) conflicts 38.Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when ______ in the middle of the Pacific, businessmen can contact their offices as if they were next door . A) gliding B) cruising C) piloting D) patrolling 39.In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed ______ in Chicago and New York City. A) homogeneously B) simultaneously C) spontaneously D) harmoniously 40.The court considers a financial ______ to be an appropriate way of punishing him. A) option B) duty C) obligation D) penalty 41.I think that I committed a _______ in asking her because she seemed very ups et by my question. A) blunder B) revenge C) reproach D) scandal 42.Even when textbooks are ______ through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly. A) commonplace B) standardized C) competitive D) generalized 43.They have always regarded a man of ______ and fairness as a reliable friend . A) robustness B) temperament C) integrity D) compactness 44.All individuals are required to ______ to the laws made by their governments. A) obey B) conform C) concede D) observe 45.The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been _______ . A) identified B) guaranteed C) notified D) conveyed 46.It is very strange but I had an ______ that the plane would crash. A) inspiration B) intuition C) imagination D) incentive 47.The changing image of the family on television provides ______ into changing attitudes toward the family in society. A) insights B) presentations C) revelations D) specifications 48.The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax ______ . A) efficiency B) revenues C) privileges D) validity 49.Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become _______ at many survival skills. A) proficient B) persistent C) consistent D) sufficient 50.The ties that bind us together in common activity are so ______ that they ca n disappear at any moment. A) trivial B) fatal C) tentative D) feeble 51.During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to ______ building materials to the upper floors. A) toss B) tow C) hoist D) hurl 52.Diamonds have little ______ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity. A) extinct B) permanent C) surplus D) intrinsic 53.The kitchen was small and ______ so that the disabled could reach everything without difficulty. A) conventional B) compact C) compatible D) concise 54.He will______ resign in view of the complete failure of the research project. A) doubtfully B) adequately C) presumably D) reasonably 55.The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable ______ his financial situation. A) with respect to B) in accord with C) regardless of D) in terms of 56.The original elections were declared ______ by the former military ruler. A) void B) vulgar C) surplus D) extravagant 57.They stood gazing at the happy ______ of children playing in the park. A) perspective B) view C) landscape D) scene 58.An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women's status in society will ______ through the current law system in Japan. A) permeate B) probe C) violate D) grope 59.When he realized he had been _______ to sign the contract by intrigue, he threatened to start legal proceedings to cancel the agreement. A) elicited B) excited C) deduced D) induced 60.These areas rely on agriculture almost ______, having few mineral resources and a minimum of industrial development. A) respectively B) extraordinarily C) incredibly D) exclusively