Dictation of Unit 9
Words:
1,Deliberately refused; 2,Laugh or talk loudly and unpleasantly;
3,A wound in the skin caused by an insect; 4,Very strong,obsessive
desire; 5,Move,possibly climb,quickly and often with some
difficulties,6,(liquid) poison; 7,Appearance,seeming likeness;
8,Breathing quickly; 9,救济者,布施者 ; 10,斜眼瞟 ; 11,剩余物 ;
12,明智的 ; 13,颤动,震动 ; 14,本质 ; 15牧师,
Phrases:
1,难解之迷 a _ _ _ _ _; 2,结结巴巴地说出 _ _
3,绝望中 _ _ 4,当弄清楚 when _ _ _ _ that
5,各种各样的 _ _ _ 6,手指痒痒的 _ _ _ _
7,连滚带爬 _ _ _ 8,向上转一转 _ _
Detailed studies of Unit 10
L2.
he need not,copy” nature like the sculptor
Meaning,A sculptor is a person who uses wood,stone,metal and so on to
make representations of people or things in some way; but a
composer does not have to do this,for his work need have no
obvious or visible relationship to,nature”.
L2.
his work need have no immediate practical function like the architect’s drawing.
Meaning,An architect’s drawing is the plan for a building which is used
when the building is erected,usually soon after the drawing
has been done,Hence it has direct,prompt actual results,A
composer’s works,however,do not have to show such,practical” results.
L5~L8
He gives us,without relation to exterior,events”,the quintessential part of
himself—that part which embodies the fullest and deepest expression of
himself as a man and of his experience as a fellow being.
embody,1) give concrete form to; give form to ideas/ feelings,etc,体现,使具体
化 2)include; comprise 包含,包括
e.g,His speech embodies his selflessness.
His act of bravery embodies his spirit of self-sacrifice.
The new edition of the encyclopedia embodies many improvements.
Detailed studies of Unit 10
Meaning,He gives us not what is happening outside himself but the
deepest,most essential expression of himself as a person and
member of the human race.
他给我们的与外界“事件”无关,而是自己本质的部分 —这个部分将他作为一个人,最
完全,最深刻地体现了出来,将他的个人经历具体化了,
L9.
Always remember that when you listen to a composer’s creation you are
listening to a man,to a particular individual,with his own special personality.
Meaning,Any creative piece of music is the embodiment of the composer’s own
thoughts and individuality.
永远牢记, 听作曲家的创作时,你在听一个人,一个特别的个人,有着自己特别个性的人,
L10.
For a composer,to be of any value,must have his own personality,It may be of
greater or lesser importance,but,in the case of significant music,it will always
mirror that personality.
Meaning,If a composer wants to be in any way a great artist,he must have his
own individuality,This may be very important or not important at all; but as far
as significant music is concerned,it will reflect that individuality.
L13.
His character may be streaked with human frailties—like Lully’s or Wagner’s,
for example—but whatever is fine in his music will come from whatever is fine in
him as a man.
Detailed studies of Unit 10
streak,n,long,thin,usually irregular line or band 线条,条纹,脉,印痕
e.g,Streaks of lean and fat in meat
like a streak of lightning
瘦肉和肥肉相间的肉层 ; 似一道闪电般
v,mark with streaks 加线条或条纹于
e.g,White marble streaked with brown有褐色条纹的白色大理石
be streaked with,be marked with,be stained with 有 …痕迹,印记
frailty,weakness of character or behavior(人的 )缺点,弱点,(性格 )软弱
weakness,fault,defect,failing,flaw,shortcoming
Lully,Wagner,(see Note 2 on Page 168)
shrewd 精明的 unscrupulous 无良心的,无廉耻的 insatiable 贪婪的
meteoric 辉煌一时的,昙花一现的 brazen 厚脸皮 intrigue阴谋
integrity 诚实正直,inveterate根深蒂固的,积习性的
Meaning,His personality may include many human weakness,as did Lully’s and
Wagner’s,but excellence in his music will still stem(源自 ) from those aspects of
his personality which are excellent.
他的个性可能带有许多人性的弱点,如同卢力和瓦格纳那样,但是音乐中精彩的部分仍
然源自其个性中优秀的那一面,
L17.
…the personality with which he was born and the influences of the time in which
he lives.
restrictive relative clauses:
Detailed studies of Unit 10
In restrictive relative clauses when the relative pronoun which is used with a
preposition,the preposition must be expressed and it usually precedes which.
e.g,The table under which the boy crawled is made of stone.
This was the meeting during which I kept feeling excited.
That was the time at which he arrived.
Meaning,天生的个性和所处时代的影响,
L19.
…each period has its character
Meaning,Each stage in the development of history has its particular qualities.
…whatever personality a composer may have is expressed within the framework
of his own period.
Meaning,The particular period that the composer lives in limits the expression
of his individuality.
In other words,the composer is subject to the influence of the political
thoughts,social and moral values,etc.,of his time.
L20~L22
It is the interreaction of personality and period that results in the formation of
a composer’s style.
Meaning,A composer’s style is formed from the interrelationship between his
personality and his own period.
L22
two different epochs,two different periods with different characteristics
Detailed studies of Unit 10
epoch,a period in history marked by special events or characteristics.
时代,纪元 (有标志跨入新历史时期的重大事件的发生时期 )
e.g,The introduction of the computer will mark an epoch in
language education,采用电脑将会为语言教学开创一个新的纪元,
The use of the Internet is an epoch-making/epoch-marking event.
age,era
L28.
…as applied to…
==as it is applied to; as it applies to/ concerning(关于,涉及到 )
apply for 申请
e.g,I apply for a scholarship.
I apply to the government for financial help.
apply…to… 应用,适用
e.g,The nurse applied a bandage to the wound.
This rule can not be applied to every case.
apply laser to an operation.
apply oneself/one’s mind/one’s energy to sth./ to doing sth,专心致力于 …
e.g,We must apply our energies to finding a solution.
L30.
It is not so much the composer that the listener hears,as the interpreter’s
conception of the composer.
Detailed studies of Unit 10
Meaning,What the listener hears is the result of the interpreter’s
general understanding of the composer rather than the idea of the
composer himself,That is to say,what the listener hears is not the
composer himself,but rather the interpreter’s understanding of the
composer.
not so much A as B 与其说是 A,还不如说是 B/ 更多的是 A而不是 B
e.g,Man is limited not so much by the tools as by his vision.
对句子前半 A的否定,后半 B的肯定
less A than B; not A but rather B; more B than A; rather B than A
L34.
…to the tender mercies of…
Meaning,to the probably unkind or rough treatment by
听任某人任意摆布 see P169 Note 8
at the mercy of, in the power of,without defense against完全受 …支配
e.g,The ship was at the mercy of the waves.
L36.
The lay listener,therefore,can judge an interpretation fairly only if he
is able to distinguish between the composer’s thought,ideally speaking,
and the degree to which the interpreter is faithfully reproducing that
thought.
Detailed studies of Unit 10
lay,non-professional; not expert 外行的
distinguish between…and…,recognize differences between; 区分,辨别
distinguish…from…;
distinguish oneself,behave so as to bring credit to oneself使扬名,显扬自己,
E.g,He distinguished himself by his courage.
be distinguished for /by…以 …为特征 ; 以 …而出名
e.g,He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics.
Meaning,…only if he can see the difference between what the composer has in
mind and how well the interpreter plays his works.
L39.
The role of the interpreter leaves no room for argument.
room,refers to the need of possibility for something to happen or be done,机
会,余地
leave much/ no/little/room for
e.g,The research paper leaves much room for improvement,seeP169
Meaning,There is no need to argue about the part that an interpreter plays.
L40.
assimilate,absorb,understand thoroughly吸收 (思想,知识等 )
practical application,实际操作
elucidation,(further)explanation
Detailed studies of Unit 10
L42.
Most first-rate interpretive artists today possess a technical equipment that is
more than sufficient for any demands made upon them.
Technical equipment, refers to the musical instruments an interpretive artist
possesses.
Meaning,Most contemporary first-class musicians have instruments
which are very satisfactory for them to meet any challenge in a
composition.当今一流的演奏家拥有的技术设备足够满足他们的要求,
L43.
So that in most cases we can take technical proficiency for granted.
Meaning,For most interpretive artists,we do not have to doubt their
skill in playing their musical instruments.
L46.
It can not be,for it is too vague; it allows for too great a leeway in individual
matters of taste and choice.
leeway,flexibility,The chance to act freely,a degree of freedom of action,余
地,灵活性
taste,the ability to make good judgment in matters such as music,art,
style,etc,鉴赏力
Meaning,The musician notation can not be the exact transcription of a
composer’s thought both because it is ambiguous and because it provides
freedom for personal taste and choice.
Detailed studies of Unit 10
L47.
Because of that,the interpreter is forever confronted with the problem of how
literally he is expected to keep to the printed page.
be confronted with,be brought face to face with; be or come face to face
with( the necessity to solve something)
e.g,The Chinese Exploration Team seemed to be confronted with
insurmountable difficulties and hardships at first,but they returned home
successful and triumphant.
The boy confronted his teacher’s accusation with a firm voice and denied
the charge that he had cheated in the final exam.
这个男孩语气坚定地否认老师对他在期末考试时作弊的指责,
keep to,limit oneself to something; follow closely,See P170
e.g,Cultural traditions have strong binding power,For example,many
Westerners keep to the custom of getting married only in June.
文化传统有很大的约束力,例如许多西方人恪守只有在六月份结婚的习俗,
鉴于此,演奏家面对的问题 是怎样完全紧扣乐谱,
L49
Composers are only human—they have been known to put notes down inexactly,
to overlook important omissions,They have also been known to change their
opinions in regard to their own indications of tempo and dynamics.
Meaning,After all,since composers are (imperfect) human beings,they make
mistakes—they occasionally write down notes inaccurately,overlook something
that has been left out,and change their opinions about what they specified
Detailed studies of Unit 10
about speed or loudness.
L55.
music would still be open to a number of different interpretations.
Meaning,there would be still be a number of different interpretations of music.
be open to, be subject to; be willing to accept,See P170
L58.
in a different light:
in a different way,
e.g,It is not at all surprising that people from different backgrounds
see happiness in a totally different light.
in the light of,in view of 鉴于,从,,,观点来看,依据 …看来
e.g,In the light of the new evidence,it was decided to take the manufacturers
to court.
依据新的证据,决定向法院控告那些制造商,
L59.
to a large extent,很大程度上
e.g.,The style is the man,” as the saying goes,I believe that a writer’s
personality is,to a large/great extent,embodied in his or her style of writing.
常言 道,“文如其人”, 我认为,一个作家的个性在很大程度上会体现在其作品的风格上,
L61.
derive from,obtain from/ originate from 源自,获取
Detailed studies of Unit 10
L67.
The combined efforts of composer and interpreter have meaning only in
so far as they go out to an intelligent body of hearers.
in so far as, to the extent that,to the point that,as far as 只要
e.g,You will have a good working knowledge of English only in so far as
you practise frequently.
An individual can win the people’s respect only in so far as he or she
is willing to serve them whole-heartedly.
Meaning,The joint efforts of composer and interpreter have
significance only when they are appreciated by listeners who
understand music.
L68.
That bespeaks a responsibility on the part of the hearer.
bespeak,be evidence of something,indicate 证明某物,表示
on the part of, of (somebody)
e.g,It can be negligence on the part of the translator if he can’t make
the original understood.
Meaning,That shows that the listener is duty-bound to fully
appreciate or understand music.
Detailed studies of Unit 10
L70.
listeners who lend themselves fully to the music that they are hearing…
Meaning,listeners who involve themselves completely in the music that
they are hearing.
lend oneself to,let oneself be a part of ; give help or approval to参与
L74.
for one thing,for one of several things,for one in a list of things.
e.g,The director said,” you failed this time,for one thing,you were
overcome by stage fright.”
The house is very much to my satisfaction,for one thing,it is
quiet,and for another,the shopping centre is within walking distance.
Detailed studies of Unit 10
Detailed studies of Unit 10
Detailed studies of Unit 10
Words:
1,Deliberately refused; 2,Laugh or talk loudly and unpleasantly;
3,A wound in the skin caused by an insect; 4,Very strong,obsessive
desire; 5,Move,possibly climb,quickly and often with some
difficulties,6,(liquid) poison; 7,Appearance,seeming likeness;
8,Breathing quickly; 9,救济者,布施者 ; 10,斜眼瞟 ; 11,剩余物 ;
12,明智的 ; 13,颤动,震动 ; 14,本质 ; 15牧师,
Phrases:
1,难解之迷 a _ _ _ _ _; 2,结结巴巴地说出 _ _
3,绝望中 _ _ 4,当弄清楚 when _ _ _ _ that
5,各种各样的 _ _ _ 6,手指痒痒的 _ _ _ _
7,连滚带爬 _ _ _ 8,向上转一转 _ _
Detailed studies of Unit 10
L2.
he need not,copy” nature like the sculptor
Meaning,A sculptor is a person who uses wood,stone,metal and so on to
make representations of people or things in some way; but a
composer does not have to do this,for his work need have no
obvious or visible relationship to,nature”.
L2.
his work need have no immediate practical function like the architect’s drawing.
Meaning,An architect’s drawing is the plan for a building which is used
when the building is erected,usually soon after the drawing
has been done,Hence it has direct,prompt actual results,A
composer’s works,however,do not have to show such,practical” results.
L5~L8
He gives us,without relation to exterior,events”,the quintessential part of
himself—that part which embodies the fullest and deepest expression of
himself as a man and of his experience as a fellow being.
embody,1) give concrete form to; give form to ideas/ feelings,etc,体现,使具体
化 2)include; comprise 包含,包括
e.g,His speech embodies his selflessness.
His act of bravery embodies his spirit of self-sacrifice.
The new edition of the encyclopedia embodies many improvements.
Detailed studies of Unit 10
Meaning,He gives us not what is happening outside himself but the
deepest,most essential expression of himself as a person and
member of the human race.
他给我们的与外界“事件”无关,而是自己本质的部分 —这个部分将他作为一个人,最
完全,最深刻地体现了出来,将他的个人经历具体化了,
L9.
Always remember that when you listen to a composer’s creation you are
listening to a man,to a particular individual,with his own special personality.
Meaning,Any creative piece of music is the embodiment of the composer’s own
thoughts and individuality.
永远牢记, 听作曲家的创作时,你在听一个人,一个特别的个人,有着自己特别个性的人,
L10.
For a composer,to be of any value,must have his own personality,It may be of
greater or lesser importance,but,in the case of significant music,it will always
mirror that personality.
Meaning,If a composer wants to be in any way a great artist,he must have his
own individuality,This may be very important or not important at all; but as far
as significant music is concerned,it will reflect that individuality.
L13.
His character may be streaked with human frailties—like Lully’s or Wagner’s,
for example—but whatever is fine in his music will come from whatever is fine in
him as a man.
Detailed studies of Unit 10
streak,n,long,thin,usually irregular line or band 线条,条纹,脉,印痕
e.g,Streaks of lean and fat in meat
like a streak of lightning
瘦肉和肥肉相间的肉层 ; 似一道闪电般
v,mark with streaks 加线条或条纹于
e.g,White marble streaked with brown有褐色条纹的白色大理石
be streaked with,be marked with,be stained with 有 …痕迹,印记
frailty,weakness of character or behavior(人的 )缺点,弱点,(性格 )软弱
weakness,fault,defect,failing,flaw,shortcoming
Lully,Wagner,(see Note 2 on Page 168)
shrewd 精明的 unscrupulous 无良心的,无廉耻的 insatiable 贪婪的
meteoric 辉煌一时的,昙花一现的 brazen 厚脸皮 intrigue阴谋
integrity 诚实正直,inveterate根深蒂固的,积习性的
Meaning,His personality may include many human weakness,as did Lully’s and
Wagner’s,but excellence in his music will still stem(源自 ) from those aspects of
his personality which are excellent.
他的个性可能带有许多人性的弱点,如同卢力和瓦格纳那样,但是音乐中精彩的部分仍
然源自其个性中优秀的那一面,
L17.
…the personality with which he was born and the influences of the time in which
he lives.
restrictive relative clauses:
Detailed studies of Unit 10
In restrictive relative clauses when the relative pronoun which is used with a
preposition,the preposition must be expressed and it usually precedes which.
e.g,The table under which the boy crawled is made of stone.
This was the meeting during which I kept feeling excited.
That was the time at which he arrived.
Meaning,天生的个性和所处时代的影响,
L19.
…each period has its character
Meaning,Each stage in the development of history has its particular qualities.
…whatever personality a composer may have is expressed within the framework
of his own period.
Meaning,The particular period that the composer lives in limits the expression
of his individuality.
In other words,the composer is subject to the influence of the political
thoughts,social and moral values,etc.,of his time.
L20~L22
It is the interreaction of personality and period that results in the formation of
a composer’s style.
Meaning,A composer’s style is formed from the interrelationship between his
personality and his own period.
L22
two different epochs,two different periods with different characteristics
Detailed studies of Unit 10
epoch,a period in history marked by special events or characteristics.
时代,纪元 (有标志跨入新历史时期的重大事件的发生时期 )
e.g,The introduction of the computer will mark an epoch in
language education,采用电脑将会为语言教学开创一个新的纪元,
The use of the Internet is an epoch-making/epoch-marking event.
age,era
L28.
…as applied to…
==as it is applied to; as it applies to/ concerning(关于,涉及到 )
apply for 申请
e.g,I apply for a scholarship.
I apply to the government for financial help.
apply…to… 应用,适用
e.g,The nurse applied a bandage to the wound.
This rule can not be applied to every case.
apply laser to an operation.
apply oneself/one’s mind/one’s energy to sth./ to doing sth,专心致力于 …
e.g,We must apply our energies to finding a solution.
L30.
It is not so much the composer that the listener hears,as the interpreter’s
conception of the composer.
Detailed studies of Unit 10
Meaning,What the listener hears is the result of the interpreter’s
general understanding of the composer rather than the idea of the
composer himself,That is to say,what the listener hears is not the
composer himself,but rather the interpreter’s understanding of the
composer.
not so much A as B 与其说是 A,还不如说是 B/ 更多的是 A而不是 B
e.g,Man is limited not so much by the tools as by his vision.
对句子前半 A的否定,后半 B的肯定
less A than B; not A but rather B; more B than A; rather B than A
L34.
…to the tender mercies of…
Meaning,to the probably unkind or rough treatment by
听任某人任意摆布 see P169 Note 8
at the mercy of, in the power of,without defense against完全受 …支配
e.g,The ship was at the mercy of the waves.
L36.
The lay listener,therefore,can judge an interpretation fairly only if he
is able to distinguish between the composer’s thought,ideally speaking,
and the degree to which the interpreter is faithfully reproducing that
thought.
Detailed studies of Unit 10
lay,non-professional; not expert 外行的
distinguish between…and…,recognize differences between; 区分,辨别
distinguish…from…;
distinguish oneself,behave so as to bring credit to oneself使扬名,显扬自己,
E.g,He distinguished himself by his courage.
be distinguished for /by…以 …为特征 ; 以 …而出名
e.g,He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics.
Meaning,…only if he can see the difference between what the composer has in
mind and how well the interpreter plays his works.
L39.
The role of the interpreter leaves no room for argument.
room,refers to the need of possibility for something to happen or be done,机
会,余地
leave much/ no/little/room for
e.g,The research paper leaves much room for improvement,seeP169
Meaning,There is no need to argue about the part that an interpreter plays.
L40.
assimilate,absorb,understand thoroughly吸收 (思想,知识等 )
practical application,实际操作
elucidation,(further)explanation
Detailed studies of Unit 10
L42.
Most first-rate interpretive artists today possess a technical equipment that is
more than sufficient for any demands made upon them.
Technical equipment, refers to the musical instruments an interpretive artist
possesses.
Meaning,Most contemporary first-class musicians have instruments
which are very satisfactory for them to meet any challenge in a
composition.当今一流的演奏家拥有的技术设备足够满足他们的要求,
L43.
So that in most cases we can take technical proficiency for granted.
Meaning,For most interpretive artists,we do not have to doubt their
skill in playing their musical instruments.
L46.
It can not be,for it is too vague; it allows for too great a leeway in individual
matters of taste and choice.
leeway,flexibility,The chance to act freely,a degree of freedom of action,余
地,灵活性
taste,the ability to make good judgment in matters such as music,art,
style,etc,鉴赏力
Meaning,The musician notation can not be the exact transcription of a
composer’s thought both because it is ambiguous and because it provides
freedom for personal taste and choice.
Detailed studies of Unit 10
L47.
Because of that,the interpreter is forever confronted with the problem of how
literally he is expected to keep to the printed page.
be confronted with,be brought face to face with; be or come face to face
with( the necessity to solve something)
e.g,The Chinese Exploration Team seemed to be confronted with
insurmountable difficulties and hardships at first,but they returned home
successful and triumphant.
The boy confronted his teacher’s accusation with a firm voice and denied
the charge that he had cheated in the final exam.
这个男孩语气坚定地否认老师对他在期末考试时作弊的指责,
keep to,limit oneself to something; follow closely,See P170
e.g,Cultural traditions have strong binding power,For example,many
Westerners keep to the custom of getting married only in June.
文化传统有很大的约束力,例如许多西方人恪守只有在六月份结婚的习俗,
鉴于此,演奏家面对的问题 是怎样完全紧扣乐谱,
L49
Composers are only human—they have been known to put notes down inexactly,
to overlook important omissions,They have also been known to change their
opinions in regard to their own indications of tempo and dynamics.
Meaning,After all,since composers are (imperfect) human beings,they make
mistakes—they occasionally write down notes inaccurately,overlook something
that has been left out,and change their opinions about what they specified
Detailed studies of Unit 10
about speed or loudness.
L55.
music would still be open to a number of different interpretations.
Meaning,there would be still be a number of different interpretations of music.
be open to, be subject to; be willing to accept,See P170
L58.
in a different light:
in a different way,
e.g,It is not at all surprising that people from different backgrounds
see happiness in a totally different light.
in the light of,in view of 鉴于,从,,,观点来看,依据 …看来
e.g,In the light of the new evidence,it was decided to take the manufacturers
to court.
依据新的证据,决定向法院控告那些制造商,
L59.
to a large extent,很大程度上
e.g.,The style is the man,” as the saying goes,I believe that a writer’s
personality is,to a large/great extent,embodied in his or her style of writing.
常言 道,“文如其人”, 我认为,一个作家的个性在很大程度上会体现在其作品的风格上,
L61.
derive from,obtain from/ originate from 源自,获取
Detailed studies of Unit 10
L67.
The combined efforts of composer and interpreter have meaning only in
so far as they go out to an intelligent body of hearers.
in so far as, to the extent that,to the point that,as far as 只要
e.g,You will have a good working knowledge of English only in so far as
you practise frequently.
An individual can win the people’s respect only in so far as he or she
is willing to serve them whole-heartedly.
Meaning,The joint efforts of composer and interpreter have
significance only when they are appreciated by listeners who
understand music.
L68.
That bespeaks a responsibility on the part of the hearer.
bespeak,be evidence of something,indicate 证明某物,表示
on the part of, of (somebody)
e.g,It can be negligence on the part of the translator if he can’t make
the original understood.
Meaning,That shows that the listener is duty-bound to fully
appreciate or understand music.
Detailed studies of Unit 10
L70.
listeners who lend themselves fully to the music that they are hearing…
Meaning,listeners who involve themselves completely in the music that
they are hearing.
lend oneself to,let oneself be a part of ; give help or approval to参与
L74.
for one thing,for one of several things,for one in a list of things.
e.g,The director said,” you failed this time,for one thing,you were
overcome by stage fright.”
The house is very much to my satisfaction,for one thing,it is
quiet,and for another,the shopping centre is within walking distance.
Detailed studies of Unit 10
Detailed studies of Unit 10
Detailed studies of Unit 10
