Solution 10.8.1.13
The Bode magnitude and phase plots are shown in gure 1 As can be seen
-275
-250
-225
-200
-175
Phase in Degrees
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
Magnitude in Decibels
0.1 110100 1000
Frequency in Radians/Sec.
nyq10abode.dat
Phase in Degrees
Magnitude in Decibels
Figure 1: Bode Plots of GH =
K(s+4)
s
2
(s+6)(s+20)
For K =100
from the phase plot the Nyquist plot in the GH just barely gets into the
third quadrantbefore crossing into the third quadrant. The pieces of the
Nyquist plot and the completed plot are shown in gure 2. From the Bode
Magnitude and phase plots weseethat for a gain of K =100
GH(j3) = 10
;12=20
6
;180
=0:2511
6
;180
:
1
Re(GH)
Im(GH)
GH(I)
Re(GH)
Im(GH)
GH(I,II,I*)
(a)
(b)
Re(GH)
Im(GH)
I
II
a
(c)
Figure 2: Nyquist Plot, By Stages and Final
Thus for
K>
100
0:2511
=398;;
point `a' is to the left of the point ; in the GH-plane. Thus wehavetwo
stability cases.
For K<398 the point ;1isregion I and there are no encirclements.
The Nyquist equation is
Z = N +P
= 0+0
= 0
There are no closed loop poles in the righthalfofthe s-plane.
2
For K>398 There are twoclockwise encirclements of the point ;1in
the GH-plane and the Nyquist equation becomes
Z = N +P
= 2+0
= 2;;
and there are twoclosed loop poles in the right half of the s-plane. The root
locus is shown in gure 3.
2 poles
-20
-6 -4
Re(s)
Im(s)
j 3 for K = 398
Figure 3: Root Locus
3