Solution 10.8.1.15
The Bode magnitude and phase plots are shown in gure 1 The pieces of
-275
-250
-225
-200
-175
-150
Phase in Degrees
-40
-20
0
20
40
Magnitude in Decibels
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Frequency in Radians/Sec.
Figure 1: Bode Plots of GH =
K(s+2)
s
2
(s+5)(s+30)
For K =100
the Nyquist plot and the completed plot are shown in gure 2. From the
Bode Magnitude and phase plots weseethat for a gain of K =100
GH(j9) = 10
;30=20
6
;180
=0:03162
6
;180
:
Thus for
K>
100
0:03162
=3162;;
point `a' is to the left of the point ;1inthe GH-plane. Thus wehavetwo
stability cases.
1
Re(GH)
Im(GH)
GH(I)
Re(GH)
Im(GH)
GH(I,II,I*)
(a)
(b)
Re(GH)
Im(GH)
I
II
a
(c)
Figure 2: Nyquist Plot, By Stages and Final
For K<3162 the point ;1isregion I and there are noencirclements.
The Nyquist equation is
Z = N +P
= 0+0
= 0
There are no closed loop poles in the righthalfofthes-plane, that is inside
.
For K>3162 point`a'is to the rightof;1intheGH-plane. Wenow
havetwo clockwise encirclements. The Nyquist equation is now
Z = N +P
2
= 2+0
= 2;;
and there are two closed loop poles in the right half of the s-plane. Since
there are four closed loop poles altogether, twomust be in the left half plane.
The root locus is shown in gure 3.
2 poles
-20
-6
-4
Re(s)
Im(s)
ω = 3 for K = 398
Figure 3: Nyquist Plot, By Stages and Final
3