Myology
余
明
华
? Morphology
– Muscle belly肌腹
– Tendon肌腱
aponeurosis 腱膜
? Classification
– Long muscle 长肌
– Short muscle 短肌
– Broad muscle阔肌
– Orbicular mucle 轮
匝肌
? Origin 起点
insertion 止点
position 位置
action 作用
? Nomenclature
of mucles肌的
命名, shap,
size,location,
and their
points of
attachment
Accessory structures
? Fascia
– Superficial fascia
– Deep fascia
? Synovial bursa
? Tendinous sheath
– Fibrous layer
– Synovial layer,
mesotendon,vincula
tendinum
Section 1 The muscles of head
? The facial muscles
-the epicranius
-the orbicularis oculi
-the muscles around
the mouth
? The masticatory muscles
-the masseter
-the temporalis
-the medial pterygoid
-the lateral pterygoid
Section 2 The muscles of neck
By their situations the muscles of
neck are divided into three groups,
superficial,anterior and deep.
Ⅰ, the superficial group
1,the platysma
2,Sternocleidomastoid
ACTION
Protracts head when acting
together; The head is
inclined laterally and the face
is rotated to the opposite
side
INSERTION
mastoid process
ORIGIN
manubrium and clavicle
Ⅱ, the anterior group
1,the suprahyoid muscles
? digastric
? mylohyoid
? stylohyoid
? Geniohyoid
2,the infrahyoid muscles
? sternohyoid
? omohyoid
? sternothyroid
? thyrohyoid
Ⅲ, the deep group
1,lateral group
? scalenus anterior
? scalenus medius
? scalenus posterior
Scalene fissure,above
the first rib,between
the scalenus anterior
and scalenus medius.
brachial plexus and
subclavian artery
2,medial group
The Muscles of Trunk
?The Muscles of Back
?The Muscles of Thorax
?The Diaphragm
?The Muscles of Abdomen
Section 3
The Muscles of Back
?Trapezius
-raises,descends,retracts
Scapula
?Latissimus dorsi
-extends,adducts and
medially rotates humerus
?Levator scapulae
?Rhomboideus
?Erector spinae
?Splenius
The Muscles of Thorax
? Pectoralis major
- adducts and
medially rotates arm
? Pectoralis minor
? Serratus anterior
-holds the scapula
against chest wall
EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
DIAPHRAGM
ACTION
Inspiration and assists in raising
intra-abdominal pressure
INSERTION
Central tendon
ORIGIN
Vertebral:crura from bodies of L1,2
(left),L1-3 (right),Costal,medial and
lateral arcuate ligs,inner aspect of
lower six ribs, Sternal,two slips
from posterior aspect of xiphoid.
Aortic aperture
-12th thoracic vertebra
-the abdominal aorta
the thoracic duct.
Esophagheal aperture
-10th thoracic vertebra
-the esophagus
the vagal trunks.
Vena cava foramen
-8th thoracic vertebra
-the inferior vena cava
The Muscles of Abdomen
Anterolateral
group
External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Retus abdominis
Posterior
group
Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum
EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE
ACTION
Supports abdominal wall,assists
forced expiration,aids raising
intraabdominal pressure
INSERTION
iliac crest,inguinal lig,public
tubercle and crest
ORIGIN
Anterior angles of lower eight ribs
Aponeurotic tendons
-inguinal ligament; lacunar ligament;
pectineal ligament
-superficial inguinal ring
INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE
ACTION
Supports abdominal wall,assists
forced respiration,aids raising intra-
abdominal pressure
INSERTION
Costal margin,aponeurosis of
rectus sheath,conjoint tendon
ORIGIN
Lumbar fascia,iliac crest and
inguinal ligament
inguinal falx (conjoint tendon)
TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS
ACTION
Supports abdominal wall,aids
forced expiration and raising intra-
abdominal pressure,
INSERTION
Aponeurosis of rectus sheath and
conjoint tendon
ORIGIN
Costal margin,lumbar fascia,iliac
crest,inguinal ligament
RECTUS ABDOMINIS
ACTION
Flexes trunk,aids forced
expiration and raise intra-
abdominal pressure
INSERTION
5,6,7 costal cartilages,medial
inferiorcostal margin and
posterior aspect of xiphoid
ORIGIN
Pubic crest and pubic symphysis
Anterior layer
aponeurosis of the
external and internal
abdominal oblique
Sheath of rectus abdominis
Posterior layer
aponeurosis of the
internal abdominal
oblique and
transversus abdominis
白线
弓状线
腹外斜肌腱膜
白线
腹内斜肌腱膜
腹横肌腱膜
腹横肌腱膜
Inguinal canal
lying above the medial
half of the inguinal
ligament; commences at
the deep inguinal ring
and ends at the
superficial inguinal ring
Inguinal triangle
-inferior epigastric artery;
-lateral border of the
rectus abdominis;
-medial half of the
inguinal ligament
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