a?^ ;D ? ?c ;￥M??F
? ?c;￥M??F
o??ò??μ?? V[¨ˉ?? ?
í
?b??'
&
^B? ?D
'
^B?
O
*
1 ?T+
o bWM? 5
?B
o?| ?B?? ?? ?to M??? ￥
9￥????N? ?D￥e ?b
§ 3.1o￥?Fe ?
B = ?
o￥? ? .l?
p
V?]?÷
??÷ ? ￥o bWM?
H ????
Es <
ò?o| ?ò1
￥+??M??.lMo-W
àμ?Yb
o￥?F e ?
+
o M??￥???
^ò?o?1 ????￥
O
?Fb
? ?￥Hq oé1L?b ??? <
HL?oé?M1dL?￥b
?i1? ?
^ <￥?F9?
^??￥e?MF7
^??
O
￥?Fb
31·￥
^
ù ?
?o￥?Fe ??
?￥
^B??￥e ?
a¨? ?R￥ f ? ?
^ ;D?aa¨ ?) ?s ?aμK￥+
oíK? V
?￥o
?F￥ f ?b
=?FZE
] ?
qa]??Z_￥? ?;b
}
?E
§
H′E
)cos(
111
tA ω?ψ ?= )cos(
222
tA ω?ψ ?=
??MFa ˉ1e~??b5μ
)cos()cos(
2211
tAtA ω?ω?ψ ?+?=
tAtAtAtA ω?ω?ω?ω? sinsincoscossinsincoscos
22221111
+++=
tAAtAA ω??ω?? sin)sinsin(cos)coscos(
22112211
+++=
1
a?^ ;D ? ?c ;￥M??F
)sinsincos(cos ttA ω?ω? += )cos( tA ω? ?=
' )cos(
21
tA ω?ψψψ ?=+=
?
2
2211
2
2211
2211
)sinsin()coscos(
coscos
cos
????
??
?
AAAA
AA
+++
+
=
2
2211
2
2211
2211
)sinsin()coscos(
sinsin
sin
????
??
?
AAAA
AA
+++
+
=
2
2211
2
2211
)sinsin()coscos( ???? AAAAA +++=
)sinsincos(cos2)sin(cos)sin(cos
2121212
2
2
22
21
2
1
22
1
???????? +++++= AAAA
)cos(2
1221
2
2
2
1
?? ?++= AAAA
' )cos(2
1221
2
2
2
1
2
?? ?++= AAAAA
)coscos/()sinsin(
22112211
????? AAAAtg ++=
2ˉ
?E
1
11
~
?i
eAU =
2
2
~
?i
eU =
??? iii
AeeAeAUUU =+=+=
21
2121
~~~
V¤ #
2
A ?tg Vr
T] -b
3??
O
E
ˉ bW? p ? m
?
U
21
~~~
UUU +=
?
o￥?F V[ ?ò?
O
?Q?
náM¤C?1M?￥êMμ
2
a?^ ;D ? ?c ;￥M??F
??F￥ <
;￥ ?
q
^ 10
14
Hz M?? ù1N ￥Y?
HWl¤ ; <￥?
′o ?
^ ?
@
á B?
HW =
'N Y?
HW =￥ ü (′b
43
HWN Y?
HW τ = ()T>>τ
<
∫∫
?++== )cos(2[
11
1221
2
2
2
1
2
??
ττ
AAAAdtAI dt]
∫
++=
τ
1
2
21
2
2
2
1
AAAA dt)cos(
12
?? ?
12
??? ?=?
^
o ??￥êMμb
1 ?
12
??? ?=? 43
HW =?
^ ×?′ 7
^
?
HW T í?a
? ?M??
??cos
-1 +1
? |′5μ
0cos
0
=?
∫
τ
?dt
'
^
;￥ <e?MF
àμ?
C`b
21
2
2
2
1
IIAAI +=+=
2 ?
12
??? ?=? 43
HW =?
?
HW?M7
^B?×?￥
?′5μ
τ
1
??
τ
?=?
∫
coscos
0
dt
2121
2
21
cos2 IIAAAAI +≠?++= ?
o bW?]￥ 1 ?μ?] ￥ êMμ ? Faμ? ] ￥ < ' C?
C` b
??cos2
21
AA $?1?
[b
9oD bWê?μ1 '?]￥ bW? μ?]￥êMμ y7μ?]￥?
[￥
?
′b
aa π? j2=?
H 1cos =??
2
2
2
1
AAI += +
21
2 AA
2
21
)( AA +=
21
II +> ?
M éb
ba π? )12( +=? j
H ??cos 1?=
2
2
2
1
AAI += -
21
2 AA
2
21
)( AA ?=
21
II +< ?
M h
o bWM? M??μ%?￥êMμ
P¤;￥ ?
×?s? ?1?
C` b
?á
3?
￥;?1M?;
3
a?^ ;D ? ?c ;￥M??F
1M?Hq
1a ?? ×?
2aωM]
3ai Mo ü?￥??s
b
???
21
~
,
~
ψψ
nullnull
<° 5°¤? ¨
O
?F ￥ZE? ??
O
ψ
null
~
=
21
~~
ψψ
nullnull
+ ]
Hμ
2
2
2
1
2
|
~
||
~
||
~
| ψψψ += '
21
III += í?
b
?
??? ü? V| ?B???s31?
6B?sY ü?a <°￥s
é??
Fb ?<°￥s
T1 ???D?
b
21
ΨΨΨ
nullnullnull
+=
xxyy
eΨeΨΨ
nullnull
221
)( ++=
?α? ?++=+?++= coscos2cos2
2121
2
221
2
2
2
1
AAIIAAAAAI
xyy
T?
1
ψ D
y2
ψ é?M??F 7
x2
ψ ￥ < ??D?
T1 ?
?
;Cb
2
2x
A
4
a?^ ;D ? ?c ;￥M??F
??] ?
q? ?o￥?F
V
?D
A ?
q?]￥
f
?MF 2T? ??e1B?e~o￥Vr
T
?[ b
Wò?￥; <D
HWμ1 y7¤??B?×?￥?
s?m"b /
?B?e?￥ è0 V[
a
ü?B?b
I
n??Z_M]a.lZ_M]a??M] ?
q?]￥
o
ψ
1
=
0
A ?t
1
cos(ω )
1
zk =
2
ψ
0
A )cos(
22
zkt ?ω
???
=ψ ψ
1
+ =
2
ψ
2
)()(
cos
2
)()(
cos2
21212121
0
zkktzkkt
A
???+?+ ωωωω
)cos()cos(2
0
zktzktA
mm
??= ?ω
?
2
21
ωω
ω
+
=
2
21
ωω
ω
?
=
m
2
21
kk
k
+
=
2
21
kk
k
m
?
=
??
m
ω ?l
? ω ??T¨M?? ?
q1 ω ￥o￥??[??￥ ?
q
?
HW
M? ?/m
Ub
)](2cos1[2)(cos4
2
0
22
0
zktAzktAI
mmmm
?+=?= ωω
??;D ? ? ?1
m
ω2 <s?
?
HW? bWM?b
5
a?^ ;D ? ?c ;￥M??F
2
? 1a?] ?
q ? ?;?F??;D ?
2a?] ?
q ￥?
?;o?F??d?
?;b
§ 3.2
? ?o￥?
?"
B
??;÷￥?
o
?o ?? 1M ? 5μ
)
2
cos()cos(
01111011111
?ω
λ
π
?ωψ +?=+?= trnAtrkA
)
2
cos()cos(
02222022222
?ω
λ
π
?ωψ +?=+?= trnAtrkA
V
!êM (1
,5êMμ
?=?
22
(
2
rn
λ
π
? )
11
rn
;?μ
1122
rnrn ?=δ
? b? )(
2
12
rr ?=?
λ
π
?
?
Mé r(
2
λ
π
2
)
1
r? πj2= ' λδ jrr =?=
12
?
Mh
2
(
2
r
λ
π
)
1
r? π)12( += j ' =?=
12
rrδ
2
)12(
λ
+j
j=0 1 2 3 4ll$ ?S?
)
?b ± ± ± ±
H??àH? bW??B"
?=è
? w
?b ü
?¤
l à
1BF
? wL
ü
à?ps?b?
H?1d?×￥ bWò) ( Vn?b
6
a?^ ;D ? ?c ;￥M??F
? ?1 d￥
??÷ ￥?
?Tt?????
?@íàHq 5
??￥;o
à
￥ˉ??sY1
)
2
exp(]}
2
)2/(
[exp{),(
~
222
1
x
D
ikd
D
yxd
Dik
D
A
yxU ′
?′+′+
+=′′
)
2
exp(]}
2
)2/(
[exp{),(
~
222
2
x
D
ikd
D
yxd
Dik
D
A
yxU ′
′+′+
+=′′
??￥ˉ??1
=′′+′′=′′ ),(
~
),(
~
),(
~
21
yxUyxUyxU
)]
2
exp()
2
]}[exp(
2
)2/(
[exp{
222
x
D
ikd
x
D
ikd
D
yxd
Dik
D
A
′
?
+′
?′+′+
+
)
2
cos(]}
2
)2/(
[exp{
2
222
x
D
kd
D
yxd
Dik
D
A
′
′+′+
+=
<s?1 )
2
(cos4)
2
(cos4)
2
(cos
2
2
0
2
2
2
2
x
D
kd
Ix
D
kd
D
A
x
D
kd
D
A
I ′=′
?
?
?
?
?
?
=′
?
?
?
?
?
?
=
2
0
)(
D
A
I = 1VB? d?
￥;o à
￥ <b
^B"
?W?￥ ü?°H?b
H?￥ê? πjx
D
kd
=′
2
' λ
d
D
jx
j
=′ bàH?￥ê?
π)
2
1
(
2
+=′ jx
D
kd
λ
d
D
jx )
2
1
( +=′ b?i
H?￥ 0) ??) 7àH?￥)
? ?
T91 ? s?￥? ??μ λ
d
D
jx )
2
1
( ?=′ null3,2,1=j λ
d
D
jx )
2
1
( +=′
7
a?^ ;D ? ?c ;￥M??F
null3,2,1 ???=j bW ? π=′?x
D
kd
2
%?1 λ
d
D
x =′? b
=
?L;÷￥?
???
¤
l à
1Mo ü?￥°H?
üà?pb
?@íàHq
H
=?
12
rr θd θ
0
rx =
d
r
0
= )(
12
rr ?
5
H? λ
d
r
jx
0
= ) àH?
2
)12(
0
λ
d
r
jx += )
àH?W λ
d
r
x
0
=?
8
a?^ ;D ? ?c ;￥M??F
?
oêM?1
,5H???M?8 X_M?b
?;÷?¤
l à-W
?oéy1
nd
D
j
kd
D
jx
λ
π ==′
2
5H?W 1
nd
r
x
λ
0
=? n1|
qb
?
H?1d?×￥¤
l à ò) ( V A?H?b
??
H?￥Qé
Vn
Qé￥?l ¤
l à
Bê?￥ u×? |; <Kv′?Kl′μ
mM
mM
II
II
+
?
=γ
7
2
21
2
21
)(,)( AAIAAI
mM
?=+=
5μ
2
2
2
1
21
2
AA
AA
+
=γ
2
2
1
2
1
)(1
2
A
A
A
A
+
=
? A
1
=A
2
H' =1 ? A
1
<<A
2
A
1
>>A
2
H' A
1
aA
2
Mμ?
y
H' =0b
: I
0
=I
1
+I
2
5H?
VV
U1
)cos1(]cos
2
1)[(cos2
0
2
2
2
1
21
2
2
2
121
2
2
2
1
?γ?? ?+=?
+
++=?++= I
AA
AA
AAAAAAI
1
? ü?;￥?
] ?
q? ?; b??sY1 A
1
A
2
êM1
10
?
20
? Z_???1
111
,, γβα
222
,, γβα
9
a?^ ;D ? ?c ;￥M??F
Z=0￥o -
￥êM1
101111
)0coscos(cos),( ?γβα? +?++= yxkyx
202222
)0coscos(cos),( ?γβα? +?++= yxkyx
êMμ )()cos(cos)cos(cos),(
10201211
??ββαα? ?+?+?=? ykxkyx
YZ) ￥ <1
)],(cos1)[(cos2),(
2
2
2
121
2
2
2
1
yxAAAAAAyxI ?γ? ?++=?++=
V¤?
H?
)()cos(cos)cos(cos),(
10201211
??ββαα? ?+?+?=? ykxkyx
?
?
?
+ π
π
)12(
2
j
j
'
aàH??
^?W?￥ ü?°L?? ü?°LB|
q1
12
12
coscos
coscos
ββ
αα
?
?
?
H?W?1
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
=
?
=?
?
=
?
=?
1212
1212
coscos)cos(cos
2
coscos)cos(cos
2
ββ
λ
ββ
π
αα
λ
αα
π
k
y
k
x
H?￥ bW ?
q1
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
=
?
=
y
f
x
f
y
x
1
1
10
a?^ ;D ? ?c ;￥M??F
^d?×￥b
§ 3.3 M?;￥¤
Be0?;￥+?
e0V?ú￥ ?
?M?
% ???￥ ?
?
H L?μ ?￥ ?
V[[
ò??
T
db ?b ?T
?
-μ?
a 5[?;￥?
T
db ?
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;÷?9
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H Y
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^?M?￥b ' ?Y;÷
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i
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i
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21
2
2
2
1
i
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H Y?￥ o P?? ?￥9￥?
<1
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N
i
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i
i
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1
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2
2
2
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bWM?á
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s ?￥;o-W￥M??F
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14
a?^ ;D ? ?c ;￥M??F
∫∫
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Σ= d
r
e
FQUKPU
ikr
),()(
~
)(
~
00
θθ '
∫∫
Σ
′?+′?+′?
′′
′?+?′+′?
′′= ydxd
zzyyxx
e
FyxUKyxU
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中国科学技术大学：光学：03
备注：本文章/文件仅为课件“中国科学技术大学：光学”（或其中一个章节）的简单文本/文件预览版，可能不包括课件的图片、视频、音频、动画等相关素材，本文章/文件与课件详细内容可能有较大差异，部分音视频、flash等多媒体文件可能因客户端没有安装相关插件而无法预览，建议用户下载完整版课件。
