a?^ ;D ? Ec ?8? D;¥ 0? ? Ec ?8? D;¥ 0? § 10-1?8?  B £?  ? Y ?1 T H  ? q ν?í?ê ? qW? νd =¥?  ? b ννν dTETd ),(),( =Φ  ),( TE ν ?  ? áa? ' 5b  l' 5a  l1 v ?t8 ¥Y  ),( Td νΦ  ?$t8 l¥Y  ),( Td νΦ′  1 è ),( ),( ),( Td Td TA ν ν ν Φ Φ′ = ?1 l' 5 l1b : ? £? ? p £ ü? ?/t8¥? ' 5D l' 5??1 1′oD T,ν μ1b' ),( ),( ),( Tf TA TE ν ν ν =  ),( Tf ν ^ ? af ?Dtéí1b  lv? 9vb = ?8?  1 '?8oμ l àμQ b' l' 5 1),( =TAν b 5N H ),( Tf ν = ),( TE ν  YVù?? ' 5ü V[¤? ? af ?¥+? P¤t é £? ¥ù?v1ZLb a?^ ;D ? Ec ?8? D;¥ 0? o 7μB?l g¥ b 8 ?  ? ?¥; V[? ? l #? b 8¥ 7 g V[T1 '?8b 2 '?8 £? ¥ L? p V[¨? ' 5Do?¥1" í ?b ? ?8? ¥? p 1 Stefan-Boltzmann? p 4 0 ),()( TdTET σνν ==Φ ∫ ∞   Stefan-Boltzmannè ? b 4218 /1067032.5 kmW ? ×=σ ? ¥9 ? ' wL/¥ ?D T 4 ??1b 2 Wien êM? p )()(),( 5 5 3 T c f c T fcTE λλ ν νν == f ?¥v′ ?@ bT m =λ  mkb 3 108978.2 ? ×= 3 Rayleigh-Jeans? p '? 8 b 8 =¥ ;[ o¥ ? T i ?ê 8 = a ? q ν? νν d+ -W ¥ o ?1 νν π νρ d c d 2 3 8 =  7Vl d? ¥o ?1 ρc 4 1 =Γ  ? ¥ ?  '? ' 5 1 kT c kTTE 2 2 2 ),( ν π ν =Γ=  kT c kTTE 4 2 ),( λ π λ =Γ= b ,0→λ ∞→),( TE λ D L 2T ê ?b?1o,? 4p b 1 Plank¥ 0L ! 1900 M4 1918 M Nobel? b 8?¥o ^B" ¥~?0o ? |Bts ?¥ ? ' a?^ ;D ? Ec ?8? D;¥ 0? " 0000 4,3,2,,0 εεεεε =  O νε h= 0   Plankè ?b Jsh 34 1063.6 ? ×= 5B?~?0)? 0 εnE n = ?¥+ q1 kT n e 0 ε ?  b 8 = ?B?o ' ?B?~?0¥ ü ( ? 1 == ∑ ∑ ? ? n kT n n kT n e en 0 0 0 ε ε ε ε ] 1 1 [ln][ln 0 0 0 0 0 0 βε βε βε βε ββ ε ? ∞ = ? ? ? ?? ? ?= ? ? ?= ∑ ∑ ∑ e e e en n n n n n n = 1 11 )1ln( 00 0 0 0 0 00 ? = ? = ? =? ? ? ? ? ? kT h e h ee e e e e νβεβε βε βε βε βε νεε β kT≠ ?8¥? ' 51 2 2 2 ),( ν π ν c TE = 1? kT h e h ν ν = 3 3 2 c hνπ 1? kT h e h ν ν éo  νh << kT 1 1 ? kT h e ν = 11 1 ?+ kT hν = νh kT  3 2 2 ),( ν π ν h c TE = νh kT = 2 2 2 ν π c kTD Rayleigh-Jeans? p? ?b  o  νh >> kT 3 2 2 ),( ν π ν h c TE = kT h e ν ? D L2TBáb § 10-2 Einstein; 0 B ;èr?¥3 d ;¥ ì0? νhE = a?^ ;D ? Ec ?8? D;¥ 0? = ;¥o ì=`? ì0? νhE = o?? λ ν h c h c E p === ' mv h p h ==λ w<¤téo¥à Qb ? de Broglie4b ?;7y ?? νhE =  mcp =   ? [ 2 mcE = 2 c h m ν = 1;0¥?é b 7 á?é  b 0 0 =m ì0?VC;Dté¥MoT¨ ?1 ^ú ?¥;ob o??VC;¥.l ? a  Z ??1 ^? ?¥;b