a?^ ;D ?
Ec ?8?
D;¥
0?
?
Ec ?8?
D;¥
0?
§ 10-1?8?
B £?
?
Y
?1 T
H ?
q ν?í?ê?
qW? νd =¥?
?
b
ννν dTETd ),(),( =Φ ),( TE ν ?
?
á a?
'
5 b
l'
5 a
l1 v
?t8
¥Y
),( Td νΦ ?$t8
l¥Y
),( Td νΦ′
1 è
),(
),(
),(
Td
Td
TA
ν
ν
ν
Φ
Φ′
= ?1
l'
5
l1 b
: ?£?
?
p £ ü?
?/t8¥?
'
5D
l'
5??1 1′oD T,ν
μ1 b' ),(
),(
),(
Tf
TA
TE
ν
ν
ν
= ),( Tf ν
^?
af
?Dtéí1 b
lv?
9v b
= ?8?
1 '?8oμ
l
àμQ
b'
l'
5 1),( =TAν b
5N
H ),( Tf ν = ),( TE ν YVù??
'
5ü V[¤??
af
?¥+?
P¤t
�
¥ù?v1ZL b
a?^ ;D ?
Ec ?8?
D;¥
0?
o 7μB?l g¥ b8 ?
??¥; V[??
l #? b8¥ 7 g V[T1
'?8 b
2 '?8£?
¥
L?
p V[¨?
'
5Do?¥1"
í
? b
? ?8?
¥?
p
1 Stefan-Boltzmann?
p
4
0
),()( TdTET σνν ==Φ
∫
∞
Stefan-Boltzmannè
? b
4218
/1067032.5 kmW
?
×=σ
?
¥9?
'wL/¥
?D T
4
??1 b
2 Wien êM?
p
)()(),(
5
5
3
T
c
f
c
T
fcTE
λλ
ν
νν == f
?¥v′
?@ bT
m
=λ mkb
3
108978.2
?
×=
3 Rayleigh-Jeans?
p
'? 8 b 8=¥ ;[ o¥ ?
T i ?ê 8= a?
q ν? νν d+ -W ¥ o
?1
νν
π
νρ d
c
d
2
3
8
= 7Vl d?
¥o
?1 ρc
4
1
=Γ ?
¥?
'?
'
5
1
kT
c
kTTE
2
2
2
),( ν
π
ν =Γ= kT
c
kTTE
4
2
),(
λ
π
λ =Γ= b ,0→λ ∞→),( TE λ D
L
2Tê ? b?1 o,?4 p b
1 Plank¥
0L
!
1900M4 1918M Nobel?
b8?¥o
^B"
¥~?0o?|Bts ?¥?
'
a?^ ;D ?
Ec ?8?
D;¥
0?
"
0000
4,3,2,,0 εεεεε = O νε h=
0
Plankè
? b Jsh
34
1063.6
?
×=
5B?~?0)?
0
εnE
n
=
?¥+
q1
kT
n
e
0
ε
?
b8=
?B?o '
?B?~?0¥
ü (?
1
==
∑
∑
?
?
n
kT
n
n
kT
n
e
en
0
0
0
ε
ε
ε
ε ]
1
1
[ln][ln
0
0
0
0
0
0
βε
βε
βε
βε
ββ
ε
?
∞
=
?
?
?
??
?
?=
?
?
?=
∑
∑
∑
e
e
e
en
n
n
n
n
n
n
=
1
11
)1ln(
00
0
0
0
0
00
?
=
?
=
?
=?
?
?
?
?
?
kT
h
e
h
ee
e
e
e
e
νβεβε
βε
βε
βε
βε
νεε
β
kT≠
?8¥?
'
51
2
2
2
),( ν
π
ν
c
TE =
1?
kT
h
e
h
ν
ν
=
3
3
2
c
hνπ
1?
kT
h
e
h
ν
ν
éo
νh << kT
1
1
?
kT
h
e
ν
=
11
1
?+
kT
hν
=
νh
kT
3
2
2
),( ν
π
ν h
c
TE =
νh
kT
=
2
2
2
ν
π
c
kTD Rayleigh-Jeans?
p? ? b
o
νh >> kT
3
2
2
),( ν
π
ν h
c
TE =
kT
h
e
ν
?
D
L2TBá