a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? ? 1c ?  ?  § 4.1c \9 Fresnel T ? ; ?é? ?)s1Q ?|  ?sb B?? O ￥s3 |?? O s31<°? ?  ?￥ Ss ? ü?? ?  ?￥ Ps b P aS? k?· m"b S +yZ_1?bm U1ò?s ￥?Z_b Fresnel T í ? ò?s ￥è O -W￥1"b ?? ?;o Fresnel T9 ^ò?s ˉ??-W￥1" Tb = Fresnel T Q a|  §W￥è O D ? è O -W￥1"b Q ; )sin( )sin( coscos coscos 21 21 2211 2211 1 1 ii ii inin inin E E s s + ? ?= + ? = ′ 1 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? )( )( coscos coscos 21 21 2112 2112 1 1 iitg iitg inin inin E E P P + ? = + ? = ′ | ; )sin( cossin2 coscos cos2 21 12 2211 11 1 2 ii ii inin in E E s s + = + = )cos()sin( cossin2 coscos cos2 2121 12 2112 11 1 2 iiii ii inin in E E P P ?+ = + = ?aQ  qDi  q V Fresnel T V[°¤¤?Q  q?i  qb ??Q  q 1 1 P P P E E r ′ =  1 1 S S S E E r ′ = ; <Q  q  2 || ss rR = 2 || pp rR = ??i  q 1 2 P P P E E t =  1 2 s s s E E t = ; <i  q 2 1 2 || PP t n n T =  2 1 2 || SS t n n T = ? @Q  q??; <￥Q  q ? @i  q 1 2 2 11 22 cos cos i i t SI SI s s s =  1 2 2 11 22 cos cos i i t SI SI p p p = 2 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? 1aêM1" ?T| Fresnel T?￥?? T1ˉ??) ? 5Q  qa i  q'1Q oa i o ￥ˉ??? ? o￥ˉ??￥1′ ? ?ˉ ?￥1′7y ??L ^M?  o￥ê Mμ￥μ′b' )arg()( rr ?=??  )arg()( tt ?=?? V Fresnel T V[ A í ? ?? f ? i  q9 ^ ? L ?  ?? 1 0b a ü|  ; 3 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? D ? ; ? a| ￥ §WêM ^ ???M￥' àμy1| 7CêM￥lMb ?Q  q ??1ˉb ? ? ? << >> + ? ?= 21 21 21 21 ,0 ,0 )sin( )sin( nn nn ii ii r s  ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? <+> >+< < =+∞ ? ? ? ? ? >+> <+< > + ? = 2 & 2 & 0 2 , 2 & 2 & 0 )( )( 2121 2121 21 2121 2121 21 21 π π π π π iinn iinn ii iinn iinn iitg iitg r p ∞→+=+ )(, 2 2121 iitgii π  0= p r Q ;?oμ Ss ? ^B?+ y￥ ? ? ?1 Brewster?b 7 B ii = 1 122211 cossinsin ininin ==  1 2 1 1 1 cos sin n n i i tgi == ' 1 2 n n arctgi B = ? H?C ?Q  21 nn > 2 2 π =i H 1 2 1 arcsin n n ii C ==  ?Q  "??b b BC ii > Q o ? ? oQ  §W￥êMμ V[¨/V a ü p r s r B iinn << 121 , 0êM?M π êMQM B iinn >< 121 , π êMQM π êMQM B iinn <> 121 , π êMQM 0êM?M CB iii << 1 0êM?M 0êM?M C ii > 1 π~0 π~0 4 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? ??o ? >￥3 d ;o?; oé _; áoé 21 nn < 1 z ?  0 21 >?ii  O π π <+< 21 2 ii  2 , 21 π ≈ii ? Fresnel T V¤ 0 1 1 < ′ S S E E  0 1 1 < ′ P P E E  1 1 S S E E′ ≈ 1 1 P P E E′ ' 1 1 1 1 P S P S E E E E = ′ ′ Q ;? P Ss ￥Z_ (Q  §WQb I" XàZ_43 Vn??Z_Qb 2<° ?  0~, 21 ii  0 1 1 < ′ S S E E  0 1 1 > ′ P P E E  1 1 S S E E′ ≈- 1 1 P P E E′ ' 1 1 1 1 P S P S E E E E ?= ′ ′ Q ;?￥ Ss Q  §WQ Ps 9Qb ZàZ _43?C??Qb [  ? f ? a ü??Q  P¤;￥??Z_μlM ?MQ￥Z_ M??;￥ê Ml ?μ π￥?Mb??;? M??μ??oé￥lMb#??o ? >b  Q ? ? ￥ f ? i ;??31 I n?o ? > ??B Q ;? 3Q ￥ HqD  ?￥Q ;?MQ ?[ I nò?Q ;W￥;?μ H a1?B oá 3 ? o ? >b 5 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? 1 Stocks? I1" r t? ???￥Q  qb ? o??1 A μ ' ? ? ? =′+ =′+ 0 2 rAtArt AtAtAr ? ? ? =′+ =′+ 0 1 2 rr ttr 22 , rrrr ′=′?=  § 4.2 so -￥?  ? B f?  B ;oüV ?? ? ds?M?￥  ;o  M?; bW P )M?êM μ1 ?? á 3? b ?= ;os?￥  M?;  P)￥êMμD?B ;oM] g1 ??  á 3D 6 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? ?B M]￥?  <s? D?B  ?á 3￥?  é? <?Fb GN ?w ¤?B? ? ?"b t ?V?1?B? ^M??F?=? ^ <?F dM? b =c \9 Fresnel ?? ^?Q ??L￥f?1 ?WC?￥ 2b 7 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? ? ??? 1 . c \9 Fresnel ? í? ?? ,o￥?  ? o )cos( 11 tkzA ωψ ?= Q o )cos()cos( 222 ?ω?ωψ ?+=+??= tkzAtkzA  21 AA = ??? )cos()cos( 21 ?ωωψψψ ?++?=+= tkzAtkzA 8 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? ) 2 cos() 2 cos(2 ?? ω ??= kztA ??ob   a ü0=z 0=I π? = Q  Hμ?o ? >b5 kztA sinsin2 ωψ ?= ; <  z=0) I=0 1l′b kzAI 22 sin4= à?W? π λ π =?=? zzk 2  V¤ 2 λ =?z e G H?W?1 θλθ sin2/sin/ =?=? zl | ?  H |o Os31 ü??<°? z￥  ?sb D z ü??síQ o ?? 3? b B;?￥ bWM?? 1a;÷ z ? H? Vn￥?Y ?? Sn??￥;o?r P? H;?μ ? ?s SSSS ′?′= 121 δ  122 PSPS ?=δ b 21 δδδ += ! Sn￥US1 x I n? ??8￥? 5 b>>d] H l9 ?vb βαδ x l d x ll x d d l x d l d dd =≈ + + ?=?=?== 2121 1 22 l d =β ;÷?? ??￥f??1?  d?b Sn /M? H 2 δ ?Mb ?Z;÷ B ??￥?  < dx )]( 2 cos1[2) 2 cos1(2 200 δβ λ π δ λ π ++=+= xdxIdxIdI ? ?￥ <1 ∫ ? ++= 2 2 20 )]( 2 cos1[2 b b xdxII δβ λ π 9 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? ) 2 cossin(2 20 δ λ π λ βπ πβ λ b bI += λ βπ πβ λ b IbII Max sin22 00 += λ βπ πβ λ b IbII Min sin22 00 ?= Vn λ βπ βπ λ γ b b sin= 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 X Axis Title Y A x i s Ti tl e F1 π λ βπ = b ' λ β λ d l b == H γ =0N H b1 ?Z;÷￥K zb ?? ?Z;÷?á? h >N1;￥ bWM??b 1 pM? ; ÷ z λ d l b ≤  ?;÷ B ?￥ f ? /  ??W  l b d λ ≤ ?  d ? ? bl d λ β ≤= b V¤Kv?  d??'M? d? b λ θ =? 0 b λθ =? 0 b  bWM??￥Q1 Tb ? ??)?M? d?- = H VC? ?5í? b M? ? b 2 dS = t;?￥ HWM?? ;÷￥d? ??? ￥?Yb ? ;oéS?1 λλλ ?+~  à ê? λ d r jx 0 = 10 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? " j=0)-? ? j) ? ￥ zV λλ d r jx 0 )( = ? )()( 0 λλλλ ?+=?+ d r jx b ? λλ ?+ ￥ j)D λ￥ j+1)×? H? h >b' λλλ )1()( +=?+ jj  V¤ λλ ?= /j KvM?) ?b ?￥;?μ = Max δ λλλ )1()( +=?+ jj = M?éb λλλλλ ?≈+? // 22 1?M?é￥ a üb B ? ?o VV U1 ˉ ?; ^o éμB?S ?￥;o L =  ^oé ?]￥B" ? ?o￥ ?Fb' ikz ekzakzU ),(),( ~ = ∑ = k kzUzU ),( ~ )( ~ oé ??M ? H p ?M1sμ ∫∫ ∞∞ == 00 ),(),( ~ )( ~ dkekzakzUzU ikz o O￥S?1 ò? ?o??M?'2/ 0 kk ?± kAkza ?= /),( s V¤ zik zik z k kiz k ki k k k k ikz e kz kz A e ix kzi k A ix ee k A dke k A xU 0 0 00 0 0 2/ )2/sin( )2/sin(2 )( ~ ) 2 () 2 ( 2 2 ? ? = ? ? = ? ? = ? = ? ? ? + ? + ? ? ∫ 11 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? -10000 -5000 0 5000 10000 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 X Axis Title Y Ax is Title o  ^o O1 k 0 s? u×1 ￥ob λλπ ?=?= //2 2 kZ o ?ré 7 λλ ?== / 2 0 ZL 2 /)/( νννλ ?=?=? cc ν?= / 0 cL b o.V ? Bé￥ H W 1 0 τ μ ντ ?= / 0 cc ' 1 0 =?ντ b HW M ??￥Q 1 Tb [ ￥9 ?V ü d? ?o  ^ bWμK ￥B?o é'1 M?éb   o?r B?￥;?μv?o é H ? ì ^? ?M?￥ y7? V ?é??F ?ü ^ M?é￥t ?'éb9 ^ HWM??￥t ?'éb § 4.3  ?  V O??￥;o oé￥? ?)s1Q ?|  ?s | ?sü/? ?￥Q ?V ? ? b n 1 oé?ü μ 1 2l lB" ;ob???t;? ^V]B  ;s¤￥ ?[ ^M?￥ ?t; ^|e ? ;￥ ?   ?? s1+?s¤?￥ $? 1 s??￥? b V V ?Q ￥; V[_ ?iZ_.l V  =?i  ?￥; ]"9 V[_ ? iZ_.l ?[ bWò)? V[á 3? b P¨?]￥; ^ V[?]￥ u×43; ￥? b 12 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? B . ? `? ii  V ? ü?  ?μ￥Q ;?i ;? Mo ü?￥;|? í kù) 5 ? ì￥? 9|í kù)? 3b ?T  V ?¨ji?43 5 ?μMo ü?￥;|? ji?￥? ü ? b???  ??o31 I nMo ü?￥;' Vb 1 ? )  1 ?;÷ 2 cos/2 ihBCAB =+  121 sin2sin ihtgiiACAD ==  222 2 2 2 2 2 22 2 121 2 2 cos2)sin1( cos 2 )sin( cos 2 )sin cos (2 ihni i hn inn i h itgn i n h =?= ?=?=δ μ?o ? > 2/λ 5 ? ? ? ? ? + =±?=±= 2 )12( 2/sin22/cos2 1 2 1 2 2 2 22 λ λ λλδ j j innhihn 1 2 1 2 2 2 sin2 innh ?  = 22 cos2 ihn 2 )12( λ +j ? Mé λj ? Mhb ? ?M] H ;?μM] ^]B? ) # ? `? b ? ? ??]a ?  ? ? ]M?? ?ELμM]￥?üi?a? ü ? 1]??b?×?í kù)b 13 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ?  2  ?;÷ V ?] ? ? ￥; [ ]B? ?  H à ? ? B ?7 ? ì￥;?μ? ^M?￥#? H?￥? ?D?;÷B"b ArA = 1     )1( 2 1 rArtArttAtrA ?=′=′= )1( 233 3 rArttArA ?=′= )1( 25 4 rArA ?= )1( 232 rArA n n ?= ? )1( 2 1 rAtAtA ?=′= ′    )1( 22 2 rArA ?=′ )1( 24 3 rArA ?=′ )1( 2)1(2 rArA n n ?=′ ? i üoé r?l A 1 ~A 2 >>A 3 >>A 4 >>ll >>′>>′>>′ 321 AAA llQ ; A 1  A 2 ?1T¨ i ; Vnlb 14 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? 2  ¨? H?￥?Y  1 ?H? 21 ii = <° ? ? )Kv'?H?￥? ) ?Kv? %?b hn 2 h9v] B j i 1 9v'?ì 3nb hhl] B j i 1 hl'?ì l êb  2 H?W  M # H?W￥?  ?' j ?M? ￥?￥?M λ?=? 22 sin2 iinh  2 2 sin2 inh i λ ?=? ¨vH?W?lb  3 H?? z M # àH?-W￥?  ?b 22 cos2 ihn = 2 )12( λ +j  )cos(2 222 iihn ?+ = λj 2/sin2 222 λ=?iihn , 222 sin4/ ihni λ=?  4 H?s? 2 2 sin2 inh i λ ?=? ??)?l 2 i? v'H??? ?? áb = . ?¨?    V ?? ü? μBC? α 5;oM?) (μ?  ?? bW?μ? H? ^d?×￥b 15 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? ?T??43  V ?)￥? 59 ?ZE ?/b 9 ?;?μ￥ZE] -μ 1 2 1 2 2 2 sin2 innh ?  = 22 cos2 ihn 2 )12( λ +j ? Mé λj ? Mhb ? ?  H 0 21 ==ii  hM]) jM]# ?¨? ?×?  V ?b 5 ?ê?1 2/)12(2 2 λ+= jhn j j j+1Wú μ 2 2/ nh λ=? V ?W  αλα sin2/sin/ 2 nhl j =?=? U )oμ?o ? >Q ;￥ù ^à?bi ; ^ ?b V¨?_?V ? ü? ??j?b § 4.4 s??￥?  ? 16 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? B .Michelson? N G 1 s ;e G 2  ?êe bG 1 D M 1  M 2 ? 45 o ?b? ?  ;o ?ü V￥ ^ ?   s;e)[# Q ?) (μM]￥Q  ?[?o ? >￥ f ?M]b 1? `?¨? ?? 2121 , iinn ==  ?[μ λjih =cos2 b M?? b   ￥? b ¨?ú ?? éb H?? 1aM 1 ┴M 2 ? `?  ]??ì?? j??b 2aM 1 ?<°? M 2 ?¨ ?  P1 P2? ? ?1? O?v # hA?9? ? P¤ ?@? MéHq #H?_¨ ￥B ? wb ° ú=MD; ?N  Michelson? N? V[ ?é?? ￥  ?;￥ <M? ' ? ì￥??M? : 1  ?TN H  o￥;?μê)(kA δ 5 ? ì￥?  < VV U1 )]cos(1)[(2)](cos1)[(2)( 22 δ? kkAkkAkI +=?+= 7N ¤ l?￥; <1ò?oé￥ <-?' 17 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? ∫∫ ∞∞ +== 0 2 0 )]cos(1)[(2)()( dkkkAdkkII δδ ∫∫∫ ∞∞∞ +=+= 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 )cos()(2)cos()(2)(2 dkkkAIdkkkAdkkA δδ ∫ ∞ += 0 0 )cos()( dkkkiI δ 'μ ∫ ∞ ?= 0 0 )()cos()( IIdkkki δδ 0 I Doéí 1  ^;? μ 1 , H￥ ; < 7a ? ￥s ^ B ?° ú= ? ?MD￥ V r Tb  IMD1 ∫ ∞ ?= 0 0 cos])([ 2 )( δδδ π dkIIki b Michelson ? N? ;?μ δ '1 Q;?- W  ?￥  '  ?[o1B" ?]￥ê? : c? ; <' VYV° ú=MD¤?;÷￥; ?s?b?N V[¤?;÷￥; ?s?  h2 )(ki )(λi b = .?  ro ? ?¨? Mé? Mhe ?  toé9i9Q ??;D?hQ ?[# r ;?b 18 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? ? . dì ? Q ;B  o ?$Q  6B  ü ?$Q μ?o ? >b λλδ jh =±= 2/2   2R>>h 2 )2( rhRh =? Rrh 2/ 2 = Newton Ring ??1 Rjr j λ)2/1( += j=0,1,2ll i ; B °¤iV 6B  ü ?? o ?WQ aiV ?? QQ  í?o ? >b Newton Ring ?? Rjr j λ= j=0 1 2 3ll V? o ?i? w q?? Rb § 4.5 ; ?? ii Fabry-Perot? N B .; <s? ? `? H?1]??ìbò Q ;?i ;￥??1 19 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? ArA = 1     )1( 2 1 rArtArttAtrA ?=′=′= )1( 233 3 rArttArA ?=′= )1( 25 4 rArA ?= )1( 232 rArA n n ?= ? )1( 2 1 rAtAtA ?=′= ′    )1( 22 2 rArA ?=′ )1( 24 3 rArA ?=′ )1( 2)1(2 rArA n n ?=′ ? "?B Q ;? M #  Q ;M];?μ M #  i ;9μM];?μ?ê Mμ 1 2 2 1 2 2 sin2 innh ?=δ  δ λ π δ? 2 ==? k ! ? ?)￥êM1 0 ? 5?B Q ;￥êM1 π? + 0 ? n Q ;￥êM1 ?? ??+ )1( 0 n 'μ )()( 11 00 ~ ?π?π ++ == ii AreeAU )(2/1 0 π? ρ + = i eA ? 22 rr ′==ρ 1; <￥Q  qb ])1([232 0 )1( ~ ?? ??+? ?= nin n erArU ])1([2/3 0 )1( ?? ρρ ??+? ?= nin eA M??F ∑ = ??+?+ ?+= N n nini R eAeAU 2 ])1([2/3)(2/1 00 )1( ~ ??π? ρρρ ∑ = ???? ?+?= N n ninii eeAeA 2 )1(12/12/1 00 )1( ??? ρρρρ ∑ ? = ?? ?+?= 1 1 2/12/1 00 )1( N n innii eeAeA ??? ρρρρ ? ?? ?? ρ ρρ ρρρ ?? ? ? ? ?+?= i Ni ii e e eAeA 1 1[ )1( 2/12/1 00 ? ??N e ] )1(1 ) 1 1 (] 1 )1( 1[ 00 2/12/1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ρ ρ ρ ρ ρ ? ? ? ? ∞→ ? +? = ? ? +?= i i i i i i N e e eA e e eA ) 1 1 )( 1 1 ( ~~ 2 ? ? ? ? ρρ ρ ?? ?? ? ? ? ? +? ? +? == i i i i RRR e e e e AUUI 2 2 2 2 cos21 )cos1(2 )(1 11 ρ?ρ ?ρ ρρ ρ ?? ?? +?? ?? = +?? +?? = ??? ??? A ee ee A ii ii 7 2 sin2 2 sin211cos1 22 ?? ? ? = ? +?=?? 20 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? 2 sin4)1( 2 sin2112)1( cos22)1(cos21 2222 22 ? ρρ ? ρρ ?ρρρρ?ρ ? +?=? ? ? ? ? ? ? +?+?= ??+?=+?? ?[ 2 sin4 )1( 1 2 sin4)1( 2 sin4 2 2 0 22 2 0 ? ρ ρ ? ρρ ? ρ ? ? + = ? +? ? = I II R ?i ;?? VV U1 )1( 2)1(2 rArA n n ?=′ ? = = n rrrA 222 )1( ? ? 1 0 ?n A ρ 22 0 ),1( rrAA =?= ρ ; <￥Q  qb ? n i  ;￥ˉ??1 ]  ? )1([1 0 0 ~ ?? ρ ??+? = nin eAU 0 ?′1?B i o￥êMb M??F ∑∑ ? = ?′ = ??+′? == 1 0 0 1 ])1([1 0 00 ~ N n inni N n nin eeAeAU ???? ρρρ = ? ? ? ρ ρ ? ? ′ ? ? i iNN i e e eA 1 1 0 0 ? ∞→N H ? ? ρ ? ′ ? = i i e eA U 1 ~ 0 0 i ; < 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 0 cos211 )1)(1( ~~ ρ?ρρρρ ρρ ?? ?? +?? = +?? = ?? == ??? ??? ? A ee A ee A UUI ii ii T 7 2 0 222 0 )1()1( ρρ ?=?= IAA 2 2 0 )1( 2 sin4 1 ρ ? ρ ? ? + = I I T  21 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 ρ =0.02 ρ =0.1 ρ =0.4 ρ =0.9 I(t)/I(0 ) ?φ Q ; 2 sin4 )1( 1 2 2 0 0 ? ρ ρ ? ? + =?= I III TR ?′ z; <?1?′B? H?￥ zb V¤ 22 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? 1 )1( 2 sin4 2 2 = ? ? ρ ? ρ  1 )1(4)1( ) 4 (4 )1( 4 sin4 2 2 2 2 2 2 = ? = ? ≈ ? ρ ρε ρ ε ρ ρ ε ρ ¤ ? ρ ρ ε )1(2 ? = b ρ v ε lH? ìb = .;o?+? 1a H??s? λπδ λ π ? /cos4 2 22 ihn j ==?  2 22 sin4 )( di ihn d j λ π ? ?=? ? ε? =? )( j d H j idi ?= 2 H??? z ρ ρ π λ π λε ? ==? 1 sin2sin4 2222 ihnihn i j ρ v hé lH? ìb?H? z??% ìb i? 7 ?Y￥ ? ' ?; ??  H 222 sin4/ ihni λ=?  Vn FiPH? ì¤b ' ￥H?? ???lb ￡ ;￥ ü??b 2a ? q oés?oμ+ y￥oé ?@vHq' 22 cos2 1 ihn j j =λ  j λ ?í ùü? i? ??Mh ! Vn￥oéS?1 j λ? 5 μ  V¤ ελλπ? =?=? j j j dihnd )/cos4()( 2 22 ρ ρ π λ ρ ρ π λ λ ? = ? =? 11 cos2 22 2 jihn j 23 a?^ ;D ? 1c ?  ? hv ρv H lb V¨?ê b ￡ ;￥? ??b 2 i? ? ; λ   ; λ 3a ; ?￥ú%2s λjinh j =cos2  )()cos(2 δλλδ +=+ jiinh j λjddiinh jj =? sin2 ' δλδ j inh j i sin2 = 1oéμ1 δλ￥]B) H?￥?  ?bD  ? M] ???H? ì¤ ? [ L¤?í￥H?9 V[sO b#b ? ii ?=δ H 'M # H?￥?  ??? ?B?H?￥?? z H 1 V[sO￥ KbN1 Taylor ? b δλδ j inh j i sin2 =  ρ ρ π λ ? =? 1 sin2 22 ihn i  VsOKloéW? ρ ρ π λ δλ ? = 1 j  ?sO' 51 π ρ ρ δλ λ j ? = 1 24