CHAPTER 8
CROSS BREEDING IN CLONAL
CROPS
营养系杂交育种
BY
Niu Yingze
（牛应泽）
Dept,of Plant Breeding and Seed Engineering
COMMON CLONAL CROPS p.144
Food Crops
Vegetables
Fruit Trees
Ornamental Crops
Genetic Behavior Clonal Plants p,145-148
? Quantitative Characters and Qualitative
Characters
? High Heterozygosity
? Large Segregation in seed Offspring
? Divergent Variation and Intermediate average
? Abnormal Segregation
一,Genetic Characteristics of Clonal Crops
营养系品种的性状遗传特点
二,The Selection and Combination of
Parents
杂交亲本选择和选配
1,Selection Parents
2,Principles of Parental Combination
Compare with Cross Breeding
三,The Juvenile Period of Clonal
Propagated Plants
营养繁殖植物的童期
1,The Juvenile Period 童期 of Clonal Plants
2,Shortening of the Juvenile Period
四,Selection of Offspring
杂种的选择
1,Principles of Selection
2,Techniques of Selection
§ 4 Selection Breeding of Sexually propagated
plants 有性繁殖植物的选择育种
1,Selection Method
(1） Single character based
(2) Integrated characters Based (Index Selection)
Calculation of selection index,mean values of characters
weight coefficients
inheritability
2,Procedure of Pedigree Breeding p 73.,Fig.5-1
(1) selection of superior individuals
(2) plant-row (line) tests
(3) line tests
(4) Regional trials and productional trials
(5) Seed multiplication and crop extension
3,Procedure of Bulk Selection Breeding p 74,Fig 5-2
(1) Bulk selection of elite individuals
(2) Comparative trials
(3) Seed multiplication and crop extension
4,How to Enhance the Efficiency of Selection Breeding
(1) Selection of Objective populations
(2) Selection Criteria
(3) Selection conditions
(4) Number of plants and Time of Selection
(5) Inheritability of plant characteristics; Effects of direct
and indirect Selection
1,Selection of Bud Mutation
§ 5 Selection Breeding of Asexually propagated
plants 无性繁殖植物的选择育种
(1) Characteristics of Bud mutations
Bud mutations are somatic cell mutations
Characteristics,
, Diversified orientation of the variations
, Reproducible variations
, Stable variations
, Chimerical variations,periclinal 周缘的,sectorial 横向的
, Limitations,small probabilities to happen
(2) Selection Procedure
Fig 5-3,p,81
Three stages,(Example in Fruit trees)
1) Preliminary selection stage
, Discover of variations
, Analysis of variation,removal of non-inheritable variations
, Separation and homogenization of variants 变异体同型化
2) Re-selection stage p,82
3) Final Selection
(1) Characteristics,
? Wide range of variations(characters)
? Cultivars are easily adaptable to local conditions,easily released
? Low breeding costs
(2) Procedure and Method
Examples in fruit trees p.83
2,Breeding Through Selection in Seedlings
Till Next Chapter
CROSS BREEDING IN CLONAL
CROPS
营养系杂交育种
BY
Niu Yingze
（牛应泽）
Dept,of Plant Breeding and Seed Engineering
COMMON CLONAL CROPS p.144
Food Crops
Vegetables
Fruit Trees
Ornamental Crops
Genetic Behavior Clonal Plants p,145-148
? Quantitative Characters and Qualitative
Characters
? High Heterozygosity
? Large Segregation in seed Offspring
? Divergent Variation and Intermediate average
? Abnormal Segregation
一,Genetic Characteristics of Clonal Crops
营养系品种的性状遗传特点
二,The Selection and Combination of
Parents
杂交亲本选择和选配
1,Selection Parents
2,Principles of Parental Combination
Compare with Cross Breeding
三,The Juvenile Period of Clonal
Propagated Plants
营养繁殖植物的童期
1,The Juvenile Period 童期 of Clonal Plants
2,Shortening of the Juvenile Period
四,Selection of Offspring
杂种的选择
1,Principles of Selection
2,Techniques of Selection
§ 4 Selection Breeding of Sexually propagated
plants 有性繁殖植物的选择育种
1,Selection Method
(1） Single character based
(2) Integrated characters Based (Index Selection)
Calculation of selection index,mean values of characters
weight coefficients
inheritability
2,Procedure of Pedigree Breeding p 73.,Fig.5-1
(1) selection of superior individuals
(2) plant-row (line) tests
(3) line tests
(4) Regional trials and productional trials
(5) Seed multiplication and crop extension
3,Procedure of Bulk Selection Breeding p 74,Fig 5-2
(1) Bulk selection of elite individuals
(2) Comparative trials
(3) Seed multiplication and crop extension
4,How to Enhance the Efficiency of Selection Breeding
(1) Selection of Objective populations
(2) Selection Criteria
(3) Selection conditions
(4) Number of plants and Time of Selection
(5) Inheritability of plant characteristics; Effects of direct
and indirect Selection
1,Selection of Bud Mutation
§ 5 Selection Breeding of Asexually propagated
plants 无性繁殖植物的选择育种
(1) Characteristics of Bud mutations
Bud mutations are somatic cell mutations
Characteristics,
, Diversified orientation of the variations
, Reproducible variations
, Stable variations
, Chimerical variations,periclinal 周缘的,sectorial 横向的
, Limitations,small probabilities to happen
(2) Selection Procedure
Fig 5-3,p,81
Three stages,(Example in Fruit trees)
1) Preliminary selection stage
, Discover of variations
, Analysis of variation,removal of non-inheritable variations
, Separation and homogenization of variants 变异体同型化
2) Re-selection stage p,82
3) Final Selection
(1) Characteristics,
? Wide range of variations(characters)
? Cultivars are easily adaptable to local conditions,easily released
? Low breeding costs
(2) Procedure and Method
Examples in fruit trees p.83
2,Breeding Through Selection in Seedlings
Till Next Chapter
