The Muscles of Limbs
郧阳医学院 解剖教研室
张 良
目的与要求
1.了解上肢带肌的位置和组成。 掌握三角肌、大圆肌、
肩胛下肌的位置、起止概况和作用。
2.了解臂肌的位置、分群和各群肌的组成与功能。 掌握
肱二头肌位置、起止概况和作用。
3.掌握前臂肌的名称。
4.了解髋肌的位置及分群概况。 掌握髂腰肌、臀大肌和
梨状肌的位置、起止概况和作用 。
５,了解大腿肌的位置及分群概况。 掌握缝匠肌、股四
头肌、长收肌、股二头肌、半腱肌、半膜肌的位置、
起止概况和作用
６,掌握小腿诸肌的名称。 了解 腘窝 的组成。
７,了解足背及足底肌的位置、分群和功能。
The Muscles of Shoulder
Deltoid三角肌
supraspinatus冈
上肌
Infraspinatus冈
下肌
Teres minor小圆
肌
Teres major大圆
肌
subscapularis肩
胛下肌
The Muscles of Shoulder
Deltoid三角肌
supraspinatus冈
上肌
Infraspinatus冈
下肌
Teres minor小圆
肌
Teres major大圆
肌
subscapularis肩
胛下肌
?lateral 1/3 of the
clavicle,acromion
and spine of
scapula
? deltoid
tuberosity
?abducts,flexes &
extends arm
deltoid三角肌
Teres major大圆肌
?dorsal surface
near the inferior
angle of scapula
?crest of lesser
tubercle
?adducts,
extends &
medially rotates
subscapularis肩胛下肌
?The
subscapular
fossa
? lesser tubercle
?adducts &
medially rotates
肌腱袖
The anterior group
Biceps brachii 肱二
头肌
Coracobrachialis
喙肱肌
Brachialis肱肌
Biceps brachii 肱二头肌
?the short head
arises from the
coracoid
process,the long
head from the
supraglenoid
tubercle
?radial
tuberosity
?flexes shoulder
and elbow &
supinates hand
Coracobrachialis喙肱肌
?flexes and adducts
Brachialis 肱肌
?flexes
Triceps brachii肱三
头肌
?long head
arises scapula
medial & lateral
heads from
humerus
? inserts on
ulna
?extends elbow
long head
extend & adduct
shoulder joints
The posterior group
三边孔和四边孔
Cross-Section Through Forearm
? If I am looking down onto this section is it
from right or left arm?
The first layer
Brachioradialis肱桡肌
Pronator teres旋前圆肌
Flexor carpi radialis桡侧腕屈
肌
Palmaris longus掌长肌
Flexor carpi ulnaris尺侧腕
屈肌
The anterior group
The second layer
Flexor digitorum
superficialis指浅屈肌
The third layer
Flexor digitorum
profundus指深屈肌
Flexor pollicis longus
拇长屈肌
The 4th layer
Pronator quadratus旋
前方肌
前臂前群桡向尺
肱桡旋前桡腕屈
掌长指浅尺屈腕
拇长指深深方居
肘窝
浅深屈指
肌腱止点
腕管
The posterior group
The superficial layer
Extensor carpi radialis
longus and brevis桡侧腕
长短伸肌
Extensor digitorum指伸肌
Extensor digitorum minimi
小指伸
Extensor carpi ulnaris尺侧
腕伸肌
The posterior group
The deep layer
Supinator旋后肌
abductor pollicis longus
拇长展肌
extensor pollicis brevis拇
短伸肌
extensor pollicis longus
拇长伸肌
extensor indicis示指伸肌
桡侧腕长与腕短
指伸小指尺伸腕
深层旋后拇长展
拇短拇长示指完
Muscles of hand
Muscles of hand
The anterior group
Iliopsoas髂腰肌
composed of two
muscles,psoas major腰大肌
and iliacus髂肌
?psoas major arises from the
transverse processes and
vertebral bodies of lumbar
vertebra
Iliacus arises from the iliac
fossa
? Inserts into the lesser
trochanter
? flexes and laterally rotates
Tensor fasciae latae阔筋膜张肌
Gluteus maximus臀大
肌
Gluteus medius臀中肌
Gluteus minimus臀小肌
Piriformis梨状肌
Obturator internus闭孔
内肌
Quadratus femoris股方
肌
Obturator externus闭孔
外肌
The posterior group
Gluteus maximus臀大肌
Gluteus medius臀中肌
Gluteus minimus臀小肌
Piriformis梨状肌
Obturator internus闭孔内肌
Quadratus femoris股方肌
Obturator externus闭孔外肌
The posterior group
?dorsal portion of the
iliac ala and the dorsal
surface of sacrum
? the iliotibial tract and
the gluteal tuberosity
?Extends and laterally
rotates
Gluteus maximus臀大肌
?the front surface of the sacrum
? the greater trochanter
?Laterally rotates
Piriformis 梨状肌
梨状肌
上下孔
Sartorius缝匠肌
?from the anterior
superior iliac spine
?the medial surface
of the upper part of
the shaft of tibia
?Flexes the hip and
knee
The anterior group
Quadriceps femoris股四头
肌 has 4 heads
?Rectus femoris股直肌
arises from the
anterior inferior iliac
spine
3 heads arise from
femur
?Tibial tuberosity
?all act to extend the
knee,Rectus femoris
also flexes the thigh
The anterior group
Pectineus耻骨肌
adductor longus长
收肌
adductor brevis短
收肌
Gracilis股薄肌
adductor magnus
大收肌
The medial group
股三角和
收肌管
biceps femoris股二头肌
(lateral)
?The long head arises
from the ischial
tuberosity,the short
head from the linea
aspera
?the head of fibula
?extend hip & flex knee
semimembranosus (medial)
半膜肌
semitendinosus (medial)半
腱肌
The posterior group
Cross-Section through Thigh
tibialis anterior胫骨
前肌
extensor digitorum
longus趾 长伸肌
extensor hallucis
longus 母 长伸
肌
The anterior group
peroneus longus
and brevis腓骨长短
肌
?plantarflex and
evert the ankle
joint
The lateral group
The posterior group
Triceps surae小腿三头肌
consists of two
muscles,
gastrocnemius腓肠肌
and soleus比目鱼肌
gastrocnemius arises
femur
?flexes knee and
ankle
soleus arise from leg
?flexes ankle
The posterior group
tibialis posterior胫骨后肌
flexor digitorum longus趾 长
屈肌
flexor hallucis longus 母
长屈肌
?flexing ankle joint & toes
小腿前群肌有三 趾长伸胫骨前
外侧腓骨长短肌 主要作用是外翻
后群浅层三头肌 止于跟骨成跟腱
趾长屈能屈足 胫骨后肌可内翻
腘窝
Muscles of the Plantar Foot
小结
思考题
? 简述上肢肌中的前臂有哪些肌
? 试述股四头肌的构成、起止和作用
? 简述运动拇指的肌
EndUp
郧阳医学院 解剖教研室
张 良
目的与要求
1.了解上肢带肌的位置和组成。 掌握三角肌、大圆肌、
肩胛下肌的位置、起止概况和作用。
2.了解臂肌的位置、分群和各群肌的组成与功能。 掌握
肱二头肌位置、起止概况和作用。
3.掌握前臂肌的名称。
4.了解髋肌的位置及分群概况。 掌握髂腰肌、臀大肌和
梨状肌的位置、起止概况和作用 。
５,了解大腿肌的位置及分群概况。 掌握缝匠肌、股四
头肌、长收肌、股二头肌、半腱肌、半膜肌的位置、
起止概况和作用
６,掌握小腿诸肌的名称。 了解 腘窝 的组成。
７,了解足背及足底肌的位置、分群和功能。
The Muscles of Shoulder
Deltoid三角肌
supraspinatus冈
上肌
Infraspinatus冈
下肌
Teres minor小圆
肌
Teres major大圆
肌
subscapularis肩
胛下肌
The Muscles of Shoulder
Deltoid三角肌
supraspinatus冈
上肌
Infraspinatus冈
下肌
Teres minor小圆
肌
Teres major大圆
肌
subscapularis肩
胛下肌
?lateral 1/3 of the
clavicle,acromion
and spine of
scapula
? deltoid
tuberosity
?abducts,flexes &
extends arm
deltoid三角肌
Teres major大圆肌
?dorsal surface
near the inferior
angle of scapula
?crest of lesser
tubercle
?adducts,
extends &
medially rotates
subscapularis肩胛下肌
?The
subscapular
fossa
? lesser tubercle
?adducts &
medially rotates
肌腱袖
The anterior group
Biceps brachii 肱二
头肌
Coracobrachialis
喙肱肌
Brachialis肱肌
Biceps brachii 肱二头肌
?the short head
arises from the
coracoid
process,the long
head from the
supraglenoid
tubercle
?radial
tuberosity
?flexes shoulder
and elbow &
supinates hand
Coracobrachialis喙肱肌
?flexes and adducts
Brachialis 肱肌
?flexes
Triceps brachii肱三
头肌
?long head
arises scapula
medial & lateral
heads from
humerus
? inserts on
ulna
?extends elbow
long head
extend & adduct
shoulder joints
The posterior group
三边孔和四边孔
Cross-Section Through Forearm
? If I am looking down onto this section is it
from right or left arm?
The first layer
Brachioradialis肱桡肌
Pronator teres旋前圆肌
Flexor carpi radialis桡侧腕屈
肌
Palmaris longus掌长肌
Flexor carpi ulnaris尺侧腕
屈肌
The anterior group
The second layer
Flexor digitorum
superficialis指浅屈肌
The third layer
Flexor digitorum
profundus指深屈肌
Flexor pollicis longus
拇长屈肌
The 4th layer
Pronator quadratus旋
前方肌
前臂前群桡向尺
肱桡旋前桡腕屈
掌长指浅尺屈腕
拇长指深深方居
肘窝
浅深屈指
肌腱止点
腕管
The posterior group
The superficial layer
Extensor carpi radialis
longus and brevis桡侧腕
长短伸肌
Extensor digitorum指伸肌
Extensor digitorum minimi
小指伸
Extensor carpi ulnaris尺侧
腕伸肌
The posterior group
The deep layer
Supinator旋后肌
abductor pollicis longus
拇长展肌
extensor pollicis brevis拇
短伸肌
extensor pollicis longus
拇长伸肌
extensor indicis示指伸肌
桡侧腕长与腕短
指伸小指尺伸腕
深层旋后拇长展
拇短拇长示指完
Muscles of hand
Muscles of hand
The anterior group
Iliopsoas髂腰肌
composed of two
muscles,psoas major腰大肌
and iliacus髂肌
?psoas major arises from the
transverse processes and
vertebral bodies of lumbar
vertebra
Iliacus arises from the iliac
fossa
? Inserts into the lesser
trochanter
? flexes and laterally rotates
Tensor fasciae latae阔筋膜张肌
Gluteus maximus臀大
肌
Gluteus medius臀中肌
Gluteus minimus臀小肌
Piriformis梨状肌
Obturator internus闭孔
内肌
Quadratus femoris股方
肌
Obturator externus闭孔
外肌
The posterior group
Gluteus maximus臀大肌
Gluteus medius臀中肌
Gluteus minimus臀小肌
Piriformis梨状肌
Obturator internus闭孔内肌
Quadratus femoris股方肌
Obturator externus闭孔外肌
The posterior group
?dorsal portion of the
iliac ala and the dorsal
surface of sacrum
? the iliotibial tract and
the gluteal tuberosity
?Extends and laterally
rotates
Gluteus maximus臀大肌
?the front surface of the sacrum
? the greater trochanter
?Laterally rotates
Piriformis 梨状肌
梨状肌
上下孔
Sartorius缝匠肌
?from the anterior
superior iliac spine
?the medial surface
of the upper part of
the shaft of tibia
?Flexes the hip and
knee
The anterior group
Quadriceps femoris股四头
肌 has 4 heads
?Rectus femoris股直肌
arises from the
anterior inferior iliac
spine
3 heads arise from
femur
?Tibial tuberosity
?all act to extend the
knee,Rectus femoris
also flexes the thigh
The anterior group
Pectineus耻骨肌
adductor longus长
收肌
adductor brevis短
收肌
Gracilis股薄肌
adductor magnus
大收肌
The medial group
股三角和
收肌管
biceps femoris股二头肌
(lateral)
?The long head arises
from the ischial
tuberosity,the short
head from the linea
aspera
?the head of fibula
?extend hip & flex knee
semimembranosus (medial)
半膜肌
semitendinosus (medial)半
腱肌
The posterior group
Cross-Section through Thigh
tibialis anterior胫骨
前肌
extensor digitorum
longus趾 长伸肌
extensor hallucis
longus 母 长伸
肌
The anterior group
peroneus longus
and brevis腓骨长短
肌
?plantarflex and
evert the ankle
joint
The lateral group
The posterior group
Triceps surae小腿三头肌
consists of two
muscles,
gastrocnemius腓肠肌
and soleus比目鱼肌
gastrocnemius arises
femur
?flexes knee and
ankle
soleus arise from leg
?flexes ankle
The posterior group
tibialis posterior胫骨后肌
flexor digitorum longus趾 长
屈肌
flexor hallucis longus 母
长屈肌
?flexing ankle joint & toes
小腿前群肌有三 趾长伸胫骨前
外侧腓骨长短肌 主要作用是外翻
后群浅层三头肌 止于跟骨成跟腱
趾长屈能屈足 胫骨后肌可内翻
腘窝
Muscles of the Plantar Foot
小结
思考题
? 简述上肢肌中的前臂有哪些肌
? 试述股四头肌的构成、起止和作用
? 简述运动拇指的肌
EndUp
