The Bones of Limbs
郧阳医学院 解剖教研室
张 良
目的与要求
? 1.掌握上肢带骨, 自由上肢骨, 下肢带骨,
自由下肢骨的位置和形态及上, 下肢骨的重要体
表标志 。
? 2.了解腕骨, 掌骨, 指骨及跗骨, 跖骨, 趾
骨的位置和排列 。
Bones of upper limbs
Composition:
? Shoulder girdle 上肢带骨
clavicle锁骨, scapula肩
胛骨
? Bones of free upper limb
自由上肢骨
? Humerus肱骨 in arm
? Radius桡骨 and ulna尺
骨 in forearm
? Carpal腕骨,
metacarpals掌骨 and
phalanges指骨 in hand
Clavicle 锁骨
? Sternal end胸骨端 medially and acromial end肩峰
端 laterally
?,S” shaped,medial 2/3 convex forward and
lateral 1/3 convex backward
Scapula 肩胛骨
? Three borders
? Superior,
scapular notch
肩胛切迹
coracoid
process 喙突,
? Lateral
(axillary)
border腋缘
? Medial
(vertebral)
border脊柱缘
Scapula 肩胛骨
? Three angles
? Superior,
opposite to
the 2nd rib
? Inferior,
opposite to
the 7th rib
? Lateral,
glenoid
cavity关节
盂,
Scapula 肩胛骨
? Two surfaces
? Anterior surface
concave,
subscapular
fossa肩胛下窝
? Posterior surface,
supraspinous
fossa and
infraspinous
fossae冈上、下窝,
spine of scapula
肩胛冈,acromion
肩峰
Humerus 肱骨
? Upper end,head of
humerus肱骨头,
anatomical neck解剖颈,
greater and lesser
tubercles大、小结节,
surgical neck外科颈
? Shaft,deltoid
tuberosity三角肌粗隆 on
lateral surface,and a
groove for radial
nerve桡神经沟 on
posterior surface
Humerus 肱骨
? Lower end,capitulum 肱
骨小头,trochlea 肱骨滑
车,coranoid fossa 冠突
窝 and radial fossa 桡窝
(anteriorly) and
olecranon fossa鹰嘴窝
(posteriorly),lateral
and medial epicondyles
内、外上髁,and sulcus
for ulnar nerve 尺神经 沟
Radius
? Upper end,head of
radius桡骨头,neck of
radius桡骨颈
? Lower end,styloid
process 茎突 laterally,
ulnar notch尺切迹
medially,and carpal
articular surface腕关
节面 inferiorly
Fracture of the distal end of the radius
Ulnar
? Upper end,
olecranon鹰嘴
coronoid process 冠突
trochlear notch滑车切
迹
? Lower end
styloid process 尺骨
茎突
head of ulna 尺骨头
Carpal bones 腕骨
? 舟月三角豌
? 大小头状钩
Metacarpal bones掌骨
Phalanges of fingers 指
骨
Bones of Lower Limb
Composition,
? Pelvic girdle:
hip bone髋骨
? Bones of free lower limb:
? Femur股骨 in thigh
( patella髌骨 )
? Tibia胫骨 and fibula腓
骨 in leg
? Tarsals跗骨,
metatarsals跖骨,
phalanges of toes趾骨
in foot
Hip bone
Consisting of
three fused
bones,
ilium,ischium,
pubis
? Ilium髂骨
? Body of ilium 髂骨体
? Ala of ilium 髂骨翼,
iliac crest 髂嵴,
anterior superior
iliac spine 髂前上棘,
anterior inferior
iliac spine 髂前下棘,
tubercle of iliac
crest髂结节,posterior
superior iliac spine
髂后上棘, posterior
inferior iliac spine
髂后下棘,greater
sciatic notch 坐骨大切
迹,iliac fossa 髂窝,
arcuate line弓状线
? Ischium 坐骨
? Body of ischium 坐骨体,ischial spine坐骨棘,
lesser sciatic notch 坐骨小切迹
? Ramus of ischium 坐骨支,ischial tuberosity
坐骨结节
? Pubis 耻骨
? Body of pubis 耻骨体
iliopubic eminence 髂耻隆起
? Superior ramus of pubis 耻
骨上支, pecten of pubis 耻
骨梳,pubic tubercle 耻骨结
节,pubic crest 耻骨嵴,
symphysial surface耻骨联合
面
? Inferior ramus of pubis耻骨
下支, obturator foramen 闭
孔
? Acetabulum
髋臼
―formed by
bodies of
ischium,
ilium and
pubis
Lunate
surface月状
面,
acetabular
fossa髋臼窝,
acetabular
notch髋臼切
迹
Femur 股骨
? Upper end,femoral head股骨
头,fovea of femoral head 股骨
头凹,neck of femur 股骨颈,
greater trochanter 大转子,
lesser trochanter 小转子,
intertrochanteric line 转子间线,
intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴
Femur 股骨
? Shaft,linea aspera
粗线,gluteal
tuberosity 臀肌粗隆,
pectineal line耻骨肌
线, popliteal
surface 腘面
? Lower end,medial
and lateral condyles
内、外侧髁, medial
and lateral
epicondyles内、外上
髁,adductor
tubercle 收肌结节,
intercondylar fossa
髁间窝,patellar
surface髌面
Tibia 胫骨
? Upper end,medial and
lateral condyles 内、外
侧髁,intercondylar
eminence 髁间隆起,
fibular articular
surface 腓关节面,
tuberosity of tibia胫骨
粗隆
? Shaft,soleal line 比目
鱼肌线
? Lower end,fibular notch
腓切迹,medial malleolus
内踝
Fibula 腓骨
? Upper end,fibular head 腓骨
头,
neck of fibula 腓骨颈
? Lower end,lateral malleolus
外踝
Patella 髌骨
? triangular sesamoid bone
Tarsal bones 跗骨
距跟舟三楔骰
Metatarsal bones 跖骨
Phalanges of toes 趾
骨
思考题
1.简述肩胛骨的形态。
2.试述肱骨分部及主要形态结构名称。
3.简述股骨的形态。
4.在活体上，能摸到上肢骨的哪些重要
骨性标志？
5.在活体上，能摸到下肢骨的哪些重要
骨性标志？
小结
EndUp