Chapter 4
The Respiratory
System
主 讲 人 李文春
The General Description
Composition
Respiratory tract
Nose
Pharynx upper respiratory
tract
Larynx
Trachea
lower respiratory tract
Bronchi
Paired Lungs
FunctionUp
Section 1 The Nose 鼻
I.External nose:
Root of nose
Back of nose
Apex of nose
Alae of nasi
II.Nasal cavity –divided
into two halves by the
nasal septum
Little region
Up
Two parts,
Nasal vestibule.
Proper nasal cavity
Lateral wall
Nasal conchae
Nasal meatus
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Up
Remove the middle nasal conchae
Semilunar hiatus
Ethmoidal infundibulum
Ethmoidal bulla
Nasolacrimal canal
Up
Mucous membrane of nose
? Olfactory region嗅区
? Respiratory region 呼吸区
Up
Frontal sinus
Ethmoidal sinuses Sphenoid sinus
Maxillary sinus
III.The paranasal sinuses and their
site of drainage into the nose
Up
Section 2 The Larynx 喉
Position－ situated
in the anterior part
of the neck (below
the hyoid bone),
and extends from
vertebral level of
C3 to C6
Up
I.Layngeal cartilages
(I)Thyroid cartilage
Shield-shaped cartilage
Laryngeal prominence
(II)Cricoid cartilage
Complete ring of cartilage
(shaped like a signet ring)
Up
(III)Arytenoid
Paired,pyramid shaped
(IV)Epiglottic cartilage
leaf-shaped elastic
cartilage
Up
II.Laryngeal joints
? Thyrohyroid membrane
? cricothyroid joint
? cricoarytenoid joint
Up
? Quadrangular membrane
? Conus elasticus
? vocal ligament
? Median cricothyroid
ligment
? Cricotracheal ligament
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III.Muscles of larynx
IV,Laryngeal cavity
(I)Aperture of larynx
－ bounded by upper
border epiglottic
cartilage,
aryepiglottic folds
and interarytenoid
notch
Up
Structure features
? Two folds,
? Vestibular folds
? Vocal folds
? Two fissures
Rima vestibulithe
Fissure of glottis
Intermembranous part
Intercartilagrnous part
Up
(II)Three parts
? Laryngeal vestibule
? Intermedial cavity
of larynx
? Ventricle of larynx
? Infraglottic cavity
Up
Section 3 The Trachea and Bronchi
Position
? Structure features
? Consists of about 16－
20 C-shaped
incomplete tracheal
cartilages
? Carina of trachea
I.Trachea
Up
II.Bronchi
Right principal bronchus
Shorter,wider,and more
vertical
Left principal bronchus
Narrower,longer,and more
horizontal
Up
Section 4 The Lungs
Position
General features
? Cone-shaped
? An Apex of lung
? A Base of lung
? Three surfaces
? Three borders
Up
? Medial surface
? Hilum of lung
? Root of lung
? Order of structures
From before backward:
V.A.B.
From above downward,
? R.－ B,A,V,
? L.－ A,B,V.
Up
Lobes and Fissure
? Right lung
? Two fissures,
horizontal and oblique
? Three lobes
? Left lung
? One fissure, oblique
? Two lobes
Up
III,The Bronchial tree
IV,Bronchopulmonary segments
Up
Section 5 The Pleura
General features
? Serous membranes
forming closed sacs
? Two layers
? Visceral pleura－
adheres to lung
? Parietal pleura－
lines the thoracic
cavity
Up
pleural cavity,Two
pleural layers continue
with each other at root
of lung formed a closed
potential space
? Contains a small
amount of pleural
fluid
? Subatmospheric
pressure in it
I.Named parts of parietal pleura
? Cupula of pleura
? Costal pleura
? Mediastinal pleura
? Diaphragmatic
pleura
II.Pleura recesses
? Costodiaphragmatic recesse
They are the slit-like
intervals and the
lowest points of
pleural cavities
? Costomediastinal recess
肋纵隔隐窝
Up
III.The surface projection of lower
border of lung and pleurae
Lower
border
Midclavicular
lines
Midaxillary
lines
Sides of the
vertebral
column
Lungs 6th rib 8th rib 10th rib
Pleura 8th rib 10th rib 12th rib
Up
Up
Section 6 The mediastinum
Up
1.Definition 2.Divisions