The Skull 颅
主讲：李文春
down
【 目的和要求 】
1,掌握颅的组成, 脑颅, 面颅的划分, 名称, 位置 。
2,掌握颅底内面观的主要结构 。
3,掌握眶, 骨性鼻腔的形态特征和交通 。 骨性鼻旁窦
的名称, 位置及开口 。
4,了解新生儿颅骨的特征及生后变化 。
downUp
The skull 颅
The skull contains
23 bones,The skull is
is divided into two
parts,cerebral
cranium脑颅 and
facial cranium面颅
downUp
(一） The cerebral cranium
The cerebral cranium
consists of eight cranial
bones,
downUp
frontal额骨
ethmoid筛骨
Unpaired sphenoid蝶骨
occipital枕骨
parietal顶骨
paired
temporal颞骨
(二） The facial cranium
The facial cranium are
fifteen in number.
Up
maxillae上颌骨
palatine 腭骨
paired zygomatic 颧骨
bones nasal 鼻骨
lacrimal bones泪骨
inferior nasal conchae下鼻甲
vomer 梨骨
Unpaired mandible下颌骨
bones hyoid 舌骨
down
(二） The facial cranium
1,The mandible
downUp
2,The hyoid
angle of mandible
(三） The skull as a whole颅的整体观
1.The superior aspect of
the skull
Up
coronal suture冠状缝
sagittal suture矢状缝
lambdoid suture人字缝
down
The skull is generally ovoid
when from above,and is
wider behind than in front,It
formed by four cranial bones.
Up
2.The posterior aspect of the skull
down
The most outstanding
feature of the occipital bone is
external occipital protuberance
枕外隆凸, The ridge骨嵴 passing
on each side laterally of the
protuberance is the superior
nuchal line上项线
3.The internal surface of the base of skull
downUp
It is divided into three
fossa,These are the
anterior,the middle and
the posterior cranial fossa.
downUp
frontal crest额嵴
foramen cecum盲孔
crista galli鸡冠
cribriform plat 筛板
cribriform foramina筛孔
(1) The anterior cranial fossa颅前窝
downUp
In the center is the hypophysial
fossa 垂体窝, In front of the
hypophysial fossa is the optic canal
视神经管, Lateral to the hypophysial
fossa is the carotid sulcus 颈动脉沟,
There are a series of foramina in the
lateral portion of the middle cranial
fossa,foramen rotundum 圆孔,
foramen ovale 卵圆孔
foramen spinosum 棘孔
(2) The middle cranial fossa 颅中窝
downUp
It is the largest and deepest
of the three cranial fossa,
The lowest part of the fossa
presents the foramen magnum
枕骨大孔，
There are hypoglossal canal
舌下神经管内口 above the
anterolateral margin of the
foramen magnum.
(3) The posterior cranial fossa
downUp
Behind the foramen
magnum,there are the
internal occipital
protuberance枕内隆凸,sulcus
for transverse sinus横窦沟,
sulcus for sigmoid sinus乙状窦沟,
jugular foramen颈静脉孔,
internal acoustic pore 内耳门
(3) The posterior cranial fossa
4.The external surface of the base of skull
downUp
incisive foramen 切牙孔
greater palatine foramen腭大孔
posterior nasal apertures鼻后孔
occipital condyle 枕髁
hypoglossal canal舌下神经管外口
jugular foramen 颈静脉孔
styloid process 茎突
stylomastiod foramen 茎乳孔
5.The lateral view of skull
downUp
external acoustic pore外耳门
mastoid process 乳突
zygomatic arch 颧弓
temporal fossa 颞窝
infratemporal fossa 颞下窝
pterion, in the temporal
fossa,the area,where the four
bones,frontal,parietal,
temporal and sphenoid,is
known as pterion 翼点,
6.The front view of skull
Up
(1) the forehead 额区
superciliary arch 眉弓
down
眉的形态与美容
的关系
6.The front view of skull
Up
(2) the orbits 眶
① orbital opening 眶口
supraorbital foramen (notch)眶上孔
infraorbital foramen眶下孔
② orbital apex,optic canal 视神
经管口
③ superior wall:lacrimal fossa泪腺窝
④ medial wall,lacrimal sac fossa泪
囊窝,nasolacrimal canal 鼻泪管
⑤ inferior wall,infraorbital fissure 眶下裂
⑥ lateral wall,supraorbital fissure 眶上裂
down
6.The front view of skull
downUp
(3) the bony nasal cavity
nasal septem 鼻中隔
superior
middle conchae甲
inferior
superior
middle meatus道
inferior
sphenoethmoidal recess
蝶筛隐窝
6.The front view of skull
downUp
(4) the paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦
① the frontal 额 sinuses
② the ethmoidal 筛 sinuses
③ the sphenoidal 蝶 sinuses
④ the maxillary上颌 sinuses
(5) the oral cavity 骨性口腔
(四） The skull at birth
Up
anterior fontanelle
down
posterior fontanelle
【 思考题 】
1,颅骨可分哪几个部分？ 分别包括哪些骨？
2,从颅底内面观, 颅中窝可见哪些孔裂？
3,鼻腔外侧壁上有哪些重要结构？
4,鼻旁窦有哪些？ 各开口于何处？
上页 下页
Up
小 结
返回
主讲：李文春
down
【 目的和要求 】
1,掌握颅的组成, 脑颅, 面颅的划分, 名称, 位置 。
2,掌握颅底内面观的主要结构 。
3,掌握眶, 骨性鼻腔的形态特征和交通 。 骨性鼻旁窦
的名称, 位置及开口 。
4,了解新生儿颅骨的特征及生后变化 。
downUp
The skull 颅
The skull contains
23 bones,The skull is
is divided into two
parts,cerebral
cranium脑颅 and
facial cranium面颅
downUp
(一） The cerebral cranium
The cerebral cranium
consists of eight cranial
bones,
downUp
frontal额骨
ethmoid筛骨
Unpaired sphenoid蝶骨
occipital枕骨
parietal顶骨
paired
temporal颞骨
(二） The facial cranium
The facial cranium are
fifteen in number.
Up
maxillae上颌骨
palatine 腭骨
paired zygomatic 颧骨
bones nasal 鼻骨
lacrimal bones泪骨
inferior nasal conchae下鼻甲
vomer 梨骨
Unpaired mandible下颌骨
bones hyoid 舌骨
down
(二） The facial cranium
1,The mandible
downUp
2,The hyoid
angle of mandible
(三） The skull as a whole颅的整体观
1.The superior aspect of
the skull
Up
coronal suture冠状缝
sagittal suture矢状缝
lambdoid suture人字缝
down
The skull is generally ovoid
when from above,and is
wider behind than in front,It
formed by four cranial bones.
Up
2.The posterior aspect of the skull
down
The most outstanding
feature of the occipital bone is
external occipital protuberance
枕外隆凸, The ridge骨嵴 passing
on each side laterally of the
protuberance is the superior
nuchal line上项线
3.The internal surface of the base of skull
downUp
It is divided into three
fossa,These are the
anterior,the middle and
the posterior cranial fossa.
downUp
frontal crest额嵴
foramen cecum盲孔
crista galli鸡冠
cribriform plat 筛板
cribriform foramina筛孔
(1) The anterior cranial fossa颅前窝
downUp
In the center is the hypophysial
fossa 垂体窝, In front of the
hypophysial fossa is the optic canal
视神经管, Lateral to the hypophysial
fossa is the carotid sulcus 颈动脉沟,
There are a series of foramina in the
lateral portion of the middle cranial
fossa,foramen rotundum 圆孔,
foramen ovale 卵圆孔
foramen spinosum 棘孔
(2) The middle cranial fossa 颅中窝
downUp
It is the largest and deepest
of the three cranial fossa,
The lowest part of the fossa
presents the foramen magnum
枕骨大孔，
There are hypoglossal canal
舌下神经管内口 above the
anterolateral margin of the
foramen magnum.
(3) The posterior cranial fossa
downUp
Behind the foramen
magnum,there are the
internal occipital
protuberance枕内隆凸,sulcus
for transverse sinus横窦沟,
sulcus for sigmoid sinus乙状窦沟,
jugular foramen颈静脉孔,
internal acoustic pore 内耳门
(3) The posterior cranial fossa
4.The external surface of the base of skull
downUp
incisive foramen 切牙孔
greater palatine foramen腭大孔
posterior nasal apertures鼻后孔
occipital condyle 枕髁
hypoglossal canal舌下神经管外口
jugular foramen 颈静脉孔
styloid process 茎突
stylomastiod foramen 茎乳孔
5.The lateral view of skull
downUp
external acoustic pore外耳门
mastoid process 乳突
zygomatic arch 颧弓
temporal fossa 颞窝
infratemporal fossa 颞下窝
pterion, in the temporal
fossa,the area,where the four
bones,frontal,parietal,
temporal and sphenoid,is
known as pterion 翼点,
6.The front view of skull
Up
(1) the forehead 额区
superciliary arch 眉弓
down
眉的形态与美容
的关系
6.The front view of skull
Up
(2) the orbits 眶
① orbital opening 眶口
supraorbital foramen (notch)眶上孔
infraorbital foramen眶下孔
② orbital apex,optic canal 视神
经管口
③ superior wall:lacrimal fossa泪腺窝
④ medial wall,lacrimal sac fossa泪
囊窝,nasolacrimal canal 鼻泪管
⑤ inferior wall,infraorbital fissure 眶下裂
⑥ lateral wall,supraorbital fissure 眶上裂
down
6.The front view of skull
downUp
(3) the bony nasal cavity
nasal septem 鼻中隔
superior
middle conchae甲
inferior
superior
middle meatus道
inferior
sphenoethmoidal recess
蝶筛隐窝
6.The front view of skull
downUp
(4) the paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦
① the frontal 额 sinuses
② the ethmoidal 筛 sinuses
③ the sphenoidal 蝶 sinuses
④ the maxillary上颌 sinuses
(5) the oral cavity 骨性口腔
(四） The skull at birth
Up
anterior fontanelle
down
posterior fontanelle
【 思考题 】
1,颅骨可分哪几个部分？ 分别包括哪些骨？
2,从颅底内面观, 颅中窝可见哪些孔裂？
3,鼻腔外侧壁上有哪些重要结构？
4,鼻旁窦有哪些？ 各开口于何处？
上页 下页
Up
小 结
返回
