考研英语新增应用文写作 一、社交书信(Letters of Social Activities) 社交书信包括的内容很多，如邀请信、推荐信、介绍信、证明信、贺信、感谢信等等。写社交书信时切记如下几点： (1)所有的社交书信都有明确的目的。因此，写社交书信时要一矢中的。 (2)不要写不相干的事。 (3)写上必不可少的事实，如时间、地点等。 (4)不要在一封信中将商务与社交混为一谈。 1.邀请信(Letters of Formal and Informal Invitation) 正式邀请信通常涉及重大的社交事宜，因此，行文中用词要准确，讲究礼貌，格式规范；非正式邀请信则行文随意，格式要求也不十分严格。 正式邀请信(Formal Invitation) 【例一】 Tues. June 20 Dear Ms. Liu: On behalf of Dean Gordon Lee and Kwantlen University College, I am extending to you our formal invitation to visit Kwantlen campus. We have arranged a meeting between you and Mr. Lee for the morning of June 21 at 10:00. We would like to have you as the guest of the College for an overnight stay at the College Club the night of June 21. We are all expecting your visit to our campus. Sincerely, Alice S.P. Wong Manager, International Programs 【例六】 January 20, 1997 Mr. Liang Tong Chief Officer of Secretary Dalian Environmental Protection Bureau No. 415 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116021 P.R. China Dear Mr. Liang Tong On behalf of the National Committee on USChina Relations, I am pleased to invite you to participate in our Citizen Involvement in Environmental Protection Delegation which will visit the United States from April 30 to May 15, 1997. The delegation will focus on the major topic: the development and implementation of public education tools in the promotion of enviromental protection among American citizens. This letter will briefly outline the financial and logistical arrangement. …… Again, we are delighted to be able to invite you to join the delegation and hope that you will be able to participate. We ask you to complete the attached form and return it to us NO LATER THAN February 15, 1997 to confirm your participation. I look forward to meeting you in New York. Sincerely, David M. Lampton 非正式邀请信(Informal Invitation) 【例一】 Mr.Anddersson, I was very glad to learn from your letter that you will be in Beijing next week and Id be delighted if you could spare an hour for lunch on October 12 at the Holiday Inn. Unless I hear further from you, Ill plan to meet you in the foyer of the Holiday Inn about twelvethirty. Ted Feng 2001/8/15 【例五】 Prof. Johnson, There will be a meeting of our drama group on Friday afternoon, April 6, at 5:30 in English Teachers Office,#210, in the Teaching Building to discuss which play to put on for May 1st English party. We would like to hear your suggestions and hope you will come. Xu Weiming 接受邀请信(Letters of Expressing Acceptance) 【例一】 January 28, 2001 Director J.T. White Environmental Protection Bureau P.O. Box 751 Portland, Oregon 97207 U.S.A. Dear White: We are very delighted to accept your kind invitation to participate in the program mentioned in your letter of January 24, for I believe that this program will be of great value and feasibility, and still needs mutual communicating. If performed well, it will surely play an examplary role in the work on the worldwide environmental protection. And at the same time, we would learn much about the advanced enviromental management practiced in America. Therefore, We will put it into practice in our city. Once again, thank you very much for your invitation and we are looking forward to the bright future through our joint efforts. Sincerely yours, Long Chuanren Zhong Guoxing 谢绝邀请信(Letters of Expressing Declination) 【例一】 January 28, 2001 Director J.T. White Environmental Protection Bureau P.O.Box 751 Portland, Oregon 97207 U.S.A. Dear White: Please accept our hearty thanks for your kind invitation to join the Citizen Involvement in Environmental Protection Delegation. Unfortunately, our schedule in the late April will not allow us to visit the United States. Urgent research work that cannot be rescheduled makes it necessary for us to be in Beijing at that time. We do hope you will understand the reason preventing our participation in the delegation. However, if possible, we would like to visit you after June. Thank you again for your invitation. Yours sincerely, Long Chuanren Zhong Guoxing 2.推荐信(Letters of Recommendation) 推荐信包括的内容： (1)写明推荐人与被推荐人的关系。 (2)推荐的缘由。 (3)被推荐人的强项和人格魅力。 (4)推荐人的态度。 【例一】 Renmin University of China 175 Haidian Road Beijing 100872 June 18, 2000 Business School Ball State University Muncie, in 47306 Dear Prof. Trunkemeyer: Zhao Yigang was enrolled as a student in my Economics course at the Renmin University of China in 1994. His performance in the class was quite outstanding. Mr. Zhao was diligent in his studies and participated in all the class discussions with his own ideas. He was capable of clear and logical analysis of complex subjects with his keen insight and made valuable contribution. In addition, Mr. Zhao has a pleasant personality. He gets along well with his colleagues because of his warm and friendly attitude toward them. Mr. Zhao has proved that he can engage in research work as an undergraduate in our university. I am sure that he will perform well in your college. I recommend him to you with no reservations. Sincerely yours, Wang Ning (Doctor, Professor) 【例八】 July 20, 2001 To Whom It May Concern: Monica del Fuentas worked under my direct supervision at Johnson Technologies for a period of six years. Based on that working association, I can highly recommend Ms. del Fuentas to any prospective employer seeking a highly motivated and productive person in the field of marketing support. Monica is a hardworking selfstarter who invariably understands exactly what a project is all about from the outset, and how to get it done quickly and effectively. During her two years in the Marketing Coordinator position, I cannot remember an instance in which she missed a major deadline. Often she brought projects in below budget, and a few were even completed ahead of schedule. Ms. del Fuentas is a resourceful, creative, and solutionoriented person who was frequently able to come up with new and innovative approaches to her assigned projects. She functioned well as a team leader when required, and she also worked effectively as a team member under the direction of other team leaders. On the interpersonal side, Monica has superior written and verbal communication skills. She gets along extremely well with staff under her supervision, as well as colleagues at her own level. She is highly respected, as both a person and a professional, by colleagues, employees, suppliers, and customers alike. In closing, as detailed above, based on my experience working with her, I can unreservedly recommend Monica del Fuentas to any prospective employer. If you would like further elaboration, feel free to call me at (416) 7654293. Sincerely, Robert Christian Director of Marketing 3.介绍信(Letters of Introduction) 介绍信包括下列内容： (1)写明介绍人与被介绍人之间的关系。 (2)介绍的缘由。 (3)被介绍人的人格品性。 (4)感谢之词。 【例二】 XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX August 7, 2001 XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX Dear Mr. Kotwal, This is to introduce to you Mr. D. S. Lee, the son of a very close friend of mine. Mr. Lee has just passed MBA from the Institute of Management. Two years ago he passed his B.E. (Mechanical) from I.I.T. with distinction. Besides having a brilliant academic record, he is of cheerful disposition and can get along easily with people. He is now looking for a suitable job and I thought I should send him to you just in case you have an opening for a young man of his qualification. I trust that you will be able to spare a few minutes to talk to him about his interests and areas of specialization. If there is no immediate vacancy in your company, I should be grateful if you could refer him to some other organizations. And what about the holidays we planned for October, which is just two months away? If you convey your firm “yes” by return mail, I shall go ahead with the arrangements. With kind regards and best wishes. Yours sincerely， (Signature) P.N.Tay 4.证明信(Certificate) 证明信包括下列几项： (1)你是以什么资格了解被证明人或被证明公司的。 (2)你认识被证明人或被证明公司有多久了。 (3)被证明人或被证明公司的可靠性和能力如何。 【例三】 Certificate (80)Lu Zi, No. 2140 This is to certificate that Mr. Zhao Dong holds a diploma issued to him in July, 1980 by Liaoning University (Diploma No. 058) and that we have carefully checked the seal of the university and the signature by President Zhou Yongrong. Jinan Notary Public Office Liaoning Province The Peoples Republic of China Notary: Fang Hongjian May 2, 2001 5.贺信(Congratulatory Letters) 贺信的语言要诚挚、热烈，通常写法如下： (1)承知喜讯。 (2)表示诚挚、热烈的祝贺。 (3)表达对其未来的良好祝愿和真诚的希望。 【例一】 Mr. He Zhenliang Vicechairman of Olympic Committee Asian Sports Village 59 Beijing, P.R. China 100080 July 14, 2001 Dear Mr. He, I was very happy to learn that your country won the bid for the Olympic Games 2008 and I would like, on behalf of the Canadian Peoples Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and in my own name, to express to you and to your country my warmest congratulations. I hope that the relations of friendship and cooperation that already exist between our two countries will be further developed. I wish Beijing Olympic Games 2008 would be a magnificent sports meet in the history of Olympic Games. With best wishes. Sincerely yours, Helen T.Lynn Chairman CPAFFC 【例五】 XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX August 12, 2001 Mr. Daniel Koser XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX Dear Daniel, Where were you last night, Daniel boy? I got back from New York yesterday, and I heard the big news — youve got the promotion, and I have found that this position is just perfectly right for you. You must know I was so delighted to hear this promotion. I called you seven times to your answering machine — where were you last night, Daniel boy? Some other guys and I were ready to give you a wild party. We were hoping that you could spend it with us. We are so proud of you. Good news is such a wonderful thing, and it is very delightful to tell it, and hear it. If you hear some news and it makes you so warm that no ice can ever cool it down, then, you realize that this is nothing but good news. My congratulations to you and to your bank. And you have my best wishes for continued success as well as happiness in your new position. By the way, would you mind, please, acknowledging the receipt of this letter and the flowers I will have someone to send to you. Good job, Daniel boy! Yours sincerely, (Signature) 6.感谢信(Letters of Thanks) 写感谢信要注意下述要点： (1)语言要真挚。 (2)官方感谢信须行文得体；非官方感谢信较随意。 (3)信文不可太长，也不能太短。 (4)写明对所受益之事的感激之情。 (5)提及所受益处。 【例一】 46, Manor Way, Warwich Warwichshire CV 145BS 28th October, 1997 General Manager Transatlantic Plastics Ltd. Ventnor The Isle of Wight Dear Mr. Hallinen, I must write and thank you for your kindness to me personally on my visit to the Tampere factory earlier this month. I am very grateful for the time you spent answering my somewhat persistent questions, and the trouble you went to, which make my stay in Tampere as interesting as possible. In fact, I can assure you those two days were the highlight of my trip to Finland. Yours very sincerely, Greorge R. Finlay 【例六】 Feb. 27, 2001 Dear Mr.E.S.Jones: Thank you once again for the letter of introduction you kindly gave me. Mr. Tom Carter gave me a most warm welcome as well as a great deal of very valuable advice. He also put me in touch with a number of his colleagues. They are all warmhearted and have helped me a lot. Also, they offered to help me in my practical project and solved a lot of problems. Finally, I succeeded in my work. I am very grateful to you and hope that Ill see you to express my gratitude some days later. Yours sincerely, William Smith 7.商榷信(Letters of Discussion) 商榷信主要是对某一议题发表个人见解，列举事实依据，论证所述论点。行文应连贯紧凑，说理要步步深入。 【例二】 Dear Editor, I was surprised to read in one of your recent issues the letter which criticized space projects of our time, saying that these projects have been totally a waste. Is that really the case? My answer is definitely negative. We have already succeeded in using satellites for relaying TV broadcast and for weather forecase, and to some extent for earthquake prediction. Besides, the space shuttle has provided us with ideal experiment condition which cannot be obtained on earth. In addition, if we want to secure our living on this planet, we should have a better understanding of space — our surroundings. This letter writer is shortsighted in that he sees the immediate profit rather than mans ultimate interests. He presents himself as a philanthropist, pitying people who died in space projects, but he forgets that there is danger in any enterprise. Im convinced that mans exploration of the unknown is worthwhile and it will pay in the long run. Yours faithfully, Xiao Ming 8.道歉信(Letters of Apologies) 道歉信是写信人对未尽之事向收信人表示歉意。语言要诚挚，解释的理由要真实，不要显出丝毫虚情假意，从而使收信人理解，并达到最终谅解。 【例四】 March 14, 2001 Dear Mr. Li: I am sorry that I must apologize for not being able to help you when you asked me to give you a letter of introduction to the director of the National Institute of Oncology of my country. Unfortunately I didnt see Director Tom Carter of the National Institute of Oncology those days and I had no chance of mentioning your name to him. Because he was in a hospital. I will certainly mention you if I happen to run into him. I hope you will do well in your research work. Yours sincerely, E.S.Jones(Signed) 二、事务信函(Business Letters) 不同的事务信函要达到的目的各不相同，例如求职信、拒聘信、询问信、投诉信等等。事务信函书写的好坏关系到事务洽谈的成败。因此，写事务信函时，要具有高超的驾驭语言的能力，按固定格式写。 事务信函的格式由八个部分构成： 发信人公司名称和地址（信头）；收信人公司名称和地址（信内地址）；称呼；信体；结束语；落款；发文编号；附言。 ● 信头包括发信人所在单位的名称、地址、邮政编码、电话、电传、电子邮件信箱及发信日期，写在信纸的右上方。 ● 信内地址包括收信人所在单位的名称或收信人的地址，必须同左边的空白处取齐，与信头间隔二行至四行的距离为佳。 ● 书信开头客气称呼的方式取决于写信人与收信人之间的关系。规范的称呼通常是：Dear Sir, Dear Madam, Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Miss Green, Dear Mrs. Brown, Dear Ms. Jane，Gentlemen。 ● 信的主体可由一段或多段组成，全从左边空白处写起或缩行二个字母至四个字母的距离。 ● 常用的书信结尾有：Yours truly, Yours sincerely, Yours cordially, Yours respectfully。 贸易关系用：Yours truly, Yours sincerely 贸易及朋友关系用：Yours cordially 与上级关系用：Yours respectfully 给年长者或位尊者用：Yours very respectfully ● 落款时，写信人必须在印刷体的名字上方签上自己的姓名。 ● 发文编号：抄送人将姓名用小写缩写写在签名下方空一行处，以示对信件负责。 ● 附件用Enclosure标明。 1.留学和奖学金申请信(Letters of Applying for Admittance and Scholarship) 留学和奖学金申请信中须写明下列几点： (1)写明申请学校和所学专业。 (2)提供申请人的个人资历。 (3)索取申请学校相关的申请表等。 留学申请信(Application for Admittance) 【例一】 Post Office Box 2418 Branch 28-5 Post Code 100081 Beijing, P.R.C. November 12, 1997 The Registrar of Admission The Graduate School of the Pennsylvania State University U.S.A. 16802 Dear Sir: I am deeply interested in your graduate school in the Department of MechanicalEngineering, and plan to apply for admission for the fall of 1998. My GPA in the university was 3.5, and I plan to take TOEFL and GRE in October and December, 1997, respectively. Please send catalog and application forms to me. I shall be greatly appreciated. Very truly yours, Wang Yang 【例九】 Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Jan. 6, 1994 Office of Foreign Admission University of Birmingham P.O. Box 363 Birmingham B152TT UK Dear Sir: I wish to pursue a doctoral degree in Chemical Engineering at your institution. My desired date of entrance is fall, 1994. Please send me necessary application forms at your early convenience. If possible, I also wish to obtain a graduate assistantship so that I may support myself and obtain more practical experience while pursuing graduate study. I obtained my B. E. (Chemical Engineering) in 1989 and M. S. (Chemical Engineering) in 1992 from Tsinghua University. At present, I work as a teacher at the same university. I have taken the TOEFL and received a score of 607. I am going to take GRE this coming October. Would you please send me the application forms for admission and financial support? Thank you very much. Sincerely yours, Henry Yu 奖学金申请信(Applications for Scholarships) 【例四】 Dept. of History Northeast University for Nationalities Dalian, 116000 P.R.China Jan. 15, 2000 Chairman Dept. of Sociology University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003 U.S.A. Dear Sir: I am writing to you in the hope of obtaining the scholarship in history to support my study and some research work. I am a graduate student in the Department of History in the Northeast University for Nationalities. In addition to study and research work, I also write books. Recently I have finished a book on the history of the Oroqen nationality in China, which is to be published by the World Book Publishing House in the coming year. I would like to focus on that field for my advanced studies. Enclosed please find three letters of recommendation and my résumé. Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to your reply. Respectfully yours, (Signature) Hao Dawei 2.答复申请(Replying to Applications) 【例二】 School of Graduate Studies Norfolk State University 2013 Corprew Avenue Norfolk, Virginia 23504 U.S.A. 5th June, 1999 Wu Dayong English College Beijing Foreign Language University Beijing 100083 P.R. China Dear Applicant: We are pleased to learn that you are interested in attending Norfolk State University. Please file your completed application form with the office of Graduate Studies. All international students on student visas (F1 or J1) are expected to have adequate medical/health insurance coverage during their stay at the university. Each student should have such coverage prior to entering the university or be prepared to purchase the Universitys Student Insurance Plan when the application has been approved. For detailed information regarding this plan, please write to the University Student Insurance Plan, Dean for Student Services, Norfolk State University. Carefully read the enclosed materials so that your application will include all requested information. Return to the Office of Graduate Studies all credentials at least 810 weeks prior to the semester for which you wish to enroll. We look forward to receiving your application forms and hope to see you next semester. Sincerely, Melvin Fields International Student Advisor Enclosures: Pre-admissions Information Financial Statement Medical/Health Insurance Statement Affidavit of Support Student Advisor Report (Transfer Students Only) 3.求职信(Letters of Applying for a Job) 按下列格式写求职信： 第一段写明谋求的工作和获悉空缺的渠道。 第二段写出一两点可使未来雇主满意的特殊资历。 第三段/第四段提供事实依据论证第二段中的要点。 第四段/第五段请求面试。 【例一】 710 West 80 Street Tempe, AZ 85282 January 24, 1989 Mr. Richard Levy First Security Bank 2250 Sixth Avenue San Diego, Ca 91201 Dear Mr. levy: Is there a place at First Security for a person with a thorough business education, experience in the business world, and an earnest desire to accept responsibility and handle challenges? If so, I believe that I can meet your need. On December 20, 1988, I received a BBA degree from Brigham Young University besides courses in accounting, management, and marketing. I have taken speech, industrial psychology, and business communications to better prepare myself to work effectively with people. As an employee at Sears, Roebuck in Provo, Utah, I have performed various duties from receiving clerk to cashier to candidate for management trainee. I believe that my supervisor there (see the enclosed resume) will tell you that I was a dependable, conscientious worker. My parttime work of approximately 25 hours a week enabled me to pay the major part of my college expenses. In addition to education and experience, Mr. Levy, my college activities have prepared me to work well with people. As senior vice president in charge of recruiting for my professional fraternity, I organized a number of educational and social meetings for prospective members. During the time I served as chairman of recruiting, we pledged more men and women than we had for the previous three years.Besides the qualifications mentioned, I would bring to your bank a desire to succeed and a willingness to work hard. Please look over the enclosed resume, which provides more details about my background. If you think I could serve First Security in an entrylevel position, please call me. I will arrange to come in for an interview at your convenience. Yours very truly, （Signature） John Alexander Enclosure 【例八】 Isabelle Bright 3344 Piper Ave. #312 Cleveland, OH 44101 216-655-9745 e-mail: bright@aol.com webpage: www.ohio.edu/～bright April 25, 1999 Amy Brown HR Representative Finance, Inc. Cincinnati, OH 45201 Dear Ms. Brown, Finance, Inc. was listed on Cleveland Universitys career webpage for summer internships. I believe that Finance, Incs summer internship is an ideal opportunity for students. As a junior at Cleveland University, I am learning about the technical side of accounting through a rigorous accounting course load. In addition, I am learning to be a team player and to communicate effectively with people from diverse backgrounds. For example, in my marketing class, I did a group presentation on Starbucks. We had one week to evaluate Starbucks financial position, future opportunities, and recommend a strategy for Starbucks to compete well against Caribou Coffee. Working with group members that have conflicting opinions was quite challenging, exciting, and ultimately rewarding for me. Likewise, projects that I have completed at Creative Solutions Inc., and the Cleveland Municipal Water District further enhanced my accounting skills as well as offered insights into different aspects of the business world. My responsibilities included bookkeeping for thousands of dollars. At Finance, Inc., I would also like to make a contribution by using my outstanding analytical skills and be challenged to work to my potential by working with diverse clientele. In addition, I look forward to understanding more about Finance, Incs role in business. I respect Finance, Incs excellence in quality and support and believe that I can meet these standards as a summer intern. I want to be challenged and learn firsthand about business. I am looking forward to further discussing the challenges and rewards of working for Finance, Inc. Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely, Isabelle Bright 4.拒聘信(Letters of Turning Down an Application) 【例一】 March 25, 1990 Mr. Kaplan 3455 Pine Ridge Street Reno, NV 89509 Dear Mr. Kaplan, We appreciated the opportunity to speak to you regarding employment.After careful consideration of your overall qualifications and background, we have filled the position with an applicant whose experience meets more closely our specific personnel requirements. We will contact you as our needs are constantly changing. Best of luck in your career aspirations. Yours truly， Richard Levy Services 【例五】 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX August 8, 2001 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX Dear Rebecca, We are rather grateful to you for your reply to our recent ad for the Associate Business Unit Manager position. As you might expect, we have had a large number of responses. Since the overall response to our ad was so great, it was necessary to narrow down the number of qualified candidates for further consideration. Although your resume is impressive, we are currently interviewing candidates whose experience more closely matches our present needs. Your interest in our company is deeply appreciated. We wish you success in your search for a position of significant challenge and fulfillment. Thank you once again. Yours sincerely, (Signature) Personnel Administrator 5. 询问信(Letters of Inquiry) 【例二】 XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX June 7, 2001 XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX Dear Sirs, We wish to buy the following items of electronic equipment for our language laboratory: 1 tutor headsets, 16 student headsets and 20 tape recorders. We should be grateful if you would kindly quote your lowest rates for these items, giving full particulars and technical details. Since the processing of the purchase proposal takes quite some time, it would be helpful if you could quote rates which may remain valid for at least three months. We want to set up the lab by the end of August so that it can function when the university reopens in September. We would, therefore, like the equipment to be delivered to us latest by August 15. Please let us know whether you will be able to arrange the supply by this date. Please let us also know the guarantee period and any aftersale facility offered by you. We look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours faithfully, (Signature) Purchase Officer 6. 复询信(Letters of Replying to Inquiry) 【例二】 XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX June 15, 2001 XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX Dear Sir, Thank you for your letter dated June 7. We have pleasure in submitting the following quotation for your consideration. We confirm that the prices will remain valid for three months. S. No. Item Description Net Price Each ($) Ex－works  1 2 3 Tutor headsets Student headsets Tape recorders 10 12 420 sales tax 12% transportation 0.2%  Packing charges and other duties and taxes are included in the price quoted above. Since the equipment is breakable and expensive, we would strongly advise you to get it insured. If you agree, we shall do it for you at an extra charge of 1/2 per cent on the quoted price. The equipment will be sent by goods train within one month of the receipt of your order. All items are guaranteed for three years. During this period, if necessary, we shall repair or replace any item at our cost. We do not require any advance but would like the payment to be made by crossed cheque drawn on the City Bank, within 15 days of the receipt of equipment. We look forward to receiving your order soon. If you need any further information, please do not hesitate to write to us. Yours faithfully, (Signature) Sales Manager 7.投诉信(Letters of Complaint) 【例二】 Sunny Company 34 Zhongcheng Road Jinlian Building Shanghai September 12, 2001 Sales manager Elegance Clothing Company 45 West Street, Nanjing Jiangsu Province Dear Mr. Chang: On September 10, our order for 280 womens cotton sweaters was duly received, but we regret to say that 40 cotton sweaters in white color were seriously soiled. We had the case investigated immediately, and the result shows the damage was due to improper packing, for which the suppliers are definitely responsible. Needless to say, we have suffered a great loss from this, as we cannot sell the sweaters in this condition to our customers. We ask you to conduct investigation at your end and reply to us. Sincerely yours, Sunny Lee Manager 8.答复赔偿信(Letters of Replying to Demand for Compensation) 【例二】 Elegance Clothing Company 45 West Street, Nanjing Jiangsu Province September 18, 2001 Manager Sunny Company 34 Zhongcheng Road Jinlian Building Shanghai Dear Miss Lee: We regret to learn from your mail of September 12 that 40 womens cotton sweaters under your Order No. 1730 in white color were found soiled and we are required to grant you a 20 per cent compensation. If we were at fault we would be responsible for it, and therefore agree to your proposal. But in view of the fact that our goods were carefully packed by experienced workmen, the clean B/L covering the goods that we enclose herewith showed that they were received for shipment in perfect condition. We are certain that they were damaged through careless handling in transit. Therefore, we are afraid that we cannot accept your proposal. We would suggest that you had better take up the case with the Shipping Company. Sincerely yours, Peter Chang Sales Manager 三、私人信函(Personal Letters) 私人信函是指友人之间往来的书信。信封和信纸可自由选择。信文多用手写，亦可用打字机打出。格式不限，但是要做到文字易读。信纸的四周要留出空白边缘。私人信函的基本要求如下： (1)日期（一般写在称呼上方右上角，也有的写在称呼上方左上角或中间位置） (2)称呼（随亲近程度加或不加“Dear”） (3)信体（可长可短） (4)落款（一般位于信体右下角，也有的写在信体左下角） 【例一】 2050 Seawood Drive Lexington, KY 40502 December 4, 1999 Gifts and Collectibles 1225 South Main Street Atlanta. GA 30091 Dear Mrs. Sue Tate, Your advertisement in the latest edition of The Home Journal caught my attention. I am particularly interested in your new line of gift merchandise. Since the Christmas season is near, I need some items that will make appropriate gifts. Please send me your current holiday catalog of gift ideas. I am particularly interested in items that are under ＄50. I would also like to know your terms of payment, discount options, and any special offers. Will you tell me also how items are delivered and the length of time that delivery ordinarily requires. Thank you for your assistance. Sincerely, Mrs. George Adams 【例九】 Basel, Switzerland August 13, Dear Lili, In just one week youll be here with me in Switzerland, I want you to meet my family and Ill show you my city. I hope you like it. Basel isnt a big city like Beijing, but everything is very clean and very close to the mountains, which are beautiful. I am worried that youll find Basel a little boring. It isnt as exciting as Beijing because the streets are very quiet after six oclock at night. The people live in flats so they cant make a lot of noise. There is a museum but perhaps that isnt very interesting to visit. We finished school last week and I am enjoying the holiday. My parents speak English, so youll practice your English a lot. I would also like to practice my Chinese with you. See you next week! Ill come to the airport to meet you. love, Sophie 四、通知(Announcement) 通知一般公布即将发生或已经发生之事，如宣布举行各种比赛，放映电影或录像，举办晚会，召开研讨会等等。通知的格式可按书信或备忘录的形式写出，一般应至少包含以下几部分内容： (1)时间 (2)地点 (3)活动 (4)其他细节 【例一】 ANNOUNCEMENT Lecture on Twentiethcentury American Literature Speaker: Mr. Robert Woo Time: October 28, 2000 Place: Room 504, AudioVisual Center Mr. Robert Woo, Professor of English language and literature and Director of the Institute for Sino American Studies at Foreign Languages University, specialized in the study of the American literature development. Teachers and students of the English Department are warmly welcome. English Department Office 【例五】 ANNOUNCEMENT Because of the rain the swimming competition will not be held at the New Town Swimming Pool as planned. It will be held at the Jackson Sports Center. Buses will be leaving school at 10 to take you to the Center. It’s about a 15-minute ride. You will be returning to school at 3:15 in time to catch your usual buses home. Sports Office 五、便笺(Short Note) 便笺是一种简短信函。它的形式比一般书信简单，多使用非正式语体。写便笺时要写清楚以下几项： (1)时间：即某月某日，如Feb.11， 2001 (2)人名 (3)事由 注意月份的全拼及缩略形式。月份的缩略形式为：Jan.,Feb.,Mar., Apr., May June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec. 【例一】 Wednesday, 21st March Dear Prof. Rainman, Im sorry I couldnt make our 11 oclock appointment. Prof. Wolfs lecture lasted a lot longer than I expected. I could meet you in the library Reading Room 4 tomorrow at 10, if that is convenient for you. If not, please leave a note in my mailbox ＃334, this afternoon. Thank you, Elizabeth 【例十】 Babara, Please reserve a double room and bath at Holiday Inn for Mrs. Robert Anselmi of Eagle Sports from December 3rd to December 6th. They will arrive the evening of the 3rd, before 6 p.m. and depart the 6th before 11 a.m. If a room is not available for that weekend, please make other plans. Otherwise please advise her of the reservation. Jasper 【例十八】 Dear Mrs. Teresa, A Mr. Mohammed who recently arrived from Iran wishes to see you. You are requested to ring him up any time tomorrow evening from 6:00 to 9:00 at 401-6646, ext. 2246. Lisa 【例十九】 Dear Mr. Brown, I beg to inform you that I shall be unable to attend classes tomorrow owing to important business in my family. I shall be very much obliged if you will grant me my application. Xiao Mei 六、其他实用写作(Other Practical Writings) 在实际应用文的写作中，还有其他一些实用的形式，如统计表、收据、电子邮件以及备忘录等。 1.统计表(Statistical Table) 统计表展现出资料数据，表明了图表中反映的总体趋势。应注意的是统计表中的数字一定要准确无误。 【例一】 中国进出口贸易总额 年份 按人民币计算（亿元）   进出口总额 出口额 进口额  1950 1952 1957 1965 1978 1981 1983 1984 1985 41.5 64.6 105 118.4 355.0 735.3 860.1 1,201.1 2,067.1 20.2 27.1 54.5 63.1 167.6 367.6 438.3 580.6 809.3 21.3 37.5 50.5 55.3 187.4 367.7 421.8 620.5 1,257.8   The table shows China import and export situation. The amount of import and export increased steadily from 1950 to 1985. The import amount is greater than the export amount. The foreign trade amount in 1985 was fifty times as much as that in 1950. The export amount in 1985 was forty times that in 1950. The import amount in 1985 was 125,780 million yuan, an increase of the sixty fold over 1950. The import amount had been about the same as the export amount until 1981, with the exception of the trade deficit of 2,000 million yuan in 1978. 1983 saw an export surplus of 1,700 million yuan. But the trade deficit in 1985 amounted to 44,850 million yuan. The rapid growth of the amount of import and export owes much to the open door policy. Steps should be taken to increase the export amount. 【例五】 Areas and Population of Continents The two charts show the percentage of the Earths surface areas and the percentage of the worlds population for the seven continents. （图略） Asia occupies the largest land area of the Earth, Africa is a little smaller than Asia, yet its population is only onefifth of that of Asia. It is obvious that Asia is much more densely populated than Africa. However, Asia is not the most densely populated continent. The most densely populated continent is Europe. It occupies 7 percent of the land area of the Earth, yet 16 percent of the worlds population lives on it. North America is 25 times as large as Europe, yet it has only a bit more than half of the population of Europe, The land area of North and South America put together is about the size of Asia, yet Asias population is more than three times their population. The land area of Asia is a lot smaller than the combined area of Africa and South America, yet Asia has more than twice their population. Oceania occupies 6 percent of the land area of the Earth and it has 1 percent of the worlds population. Therefore it is the most sparsely populated continent of all. No human beings lives on Antarctica, though its physical area is larger than Europe. From the two charts we know that the worlds population is unevenly distributed on the Earth. 2.便函或备忘录（Informal Letters or Memos） 便函和备忘录通常用于公司内部传递信息，将实情、信息、观察资料等进行传阅。便函和备忘录包括如下固定格式： Date：（日期，如September 12, 2001） To：(收文人，如All Faculty） From：(发文人，如Jim B. Hardemann) Subject：(事由，如Faculty Meeting) 写作特点： 1在date,to,from,subject字样后填上相应的内容。 2在上述字样下面空两行写正文。 3不用称呼和结尾礼词。 发文人的姓名首字母写在与正文末行空一行的地方。 【例二】 To: Ted Feng Date: Oct. 1st From: Paul Andersson Time: 17:42 Topic: Delay of arrival Paul called for you, just after you had left work. He missed the flight due to the bad weather. He will not arrive until 5 pmtoday on flight No. JL608. You are requested to meet him at the airport and drive him to Holiday Inn. This means you neednt wait for him at lunch time tomorrow. To make up he wants to invite you for dinner. Nancy 七、信封的写法(Styles of Envelope Address) 英文信封收信人的全名和地址要写在信封中间。发信人的全名和地址应写在信封的左上角。信封的第一行写收信人的姓名，从第二行起写地址。地址的写法由小到大，即先写门牌号码，然后再依次写街道名，城镇名，县、郡或州名，邮政编码，最后是国名。 【例一】 公司标识 SPECIAL DELIVERY(专递) 和地址 MS W N LOVE 3313 PARKWAY ALEXANDRIA LA 71303 CONFIDENTIAL(机密) (事务信函，全用大写, 不用标点) 【例二】 FEDERAL EXPRESS JAMES AVERY CRAFTSMAN, INC. P.O.BOX 1367 KERRVILLE, TEXAS 75028 Lamar University c/o Ms. Jean Dorrell Department of Administrative Services P.O.BOX 10033 Beaumont, Texas 77710 (事务信函，大小写并用, 点标点) 【例四】 Dr.D.K. Howell, 邮票  10 Richmond Street, London Prof. Bai Jie Dept. of Foreign Language Chinese Peoples University Beijing, 100000 China REGISTERED (私人信函)