考研英语模拟试题[26] Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points) If ever again _____ happens an accident like this,we will have only ourselves to blame． A．it B．so C．there D．that A light with no more power than _____ by an ordinary electrict light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpointsized beam. A．as is produced B．that produced C．which is produced D．produced The play is said to be worth seeing.You must have seen it yesterday evening, _____ you? A．didn't B．mustn't C．did D．can't It is difficult for us to explain phenomena of which we have little or _____ direct knowledge. A．not any B．no C．none D．nothing A certain scientist had discovered that a metal called uranium gave off a kind of radiations,which Madame Curie was later _____ radioactivity. A．calling B．called C．to call D．to be called Finally they set off again and cycled slowly along the road.“We are not as good at this as we _____ ”,complained Mary. A．should be B．would be C．will be D．have been They explained the situation to the steward,who brought over some water.He told them that he _____ on the route for twentyfive years. A．works B．worked C．has been working D．had been working Many ways have been found _____ small and simple machine to process large and complicated machine parts. A．by using B．to use C．using D．used Some people may have been daunted by the task because of the difficulties it brings,but I do not know of _____ . A．them doing so B．any having done so C．their doing like that D.any doing that way It is illegal to use this equipment for _____ firefighting purposes.Unauthorized use is malicious destruction of property and is punishable by a ＄50 000 fine. A．other than B．none but C．otherwise D．rather than Section B Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5 points) The town borrowed (A) money to build the (B) school house, on the supposition (C) that population and property will (D) increase. A mother will arrive at (A) the discovery, either instinctively or by (B) an unconscious series of trials and errors,that her baby is more at peace (C) if holding (D) on the left against her heart than on the right. When there is a (A) langnage barrier,communication is accomplished (B) through sign (C) language whose (D) motions stand for letters,words and ideas. He tried (A) not to smoke for sometime (B) during (C) the summer vacation,but as soon as (D) he came back to work,he was a smoker again. Norwegians see in (A) farmers and fishermen many of the qualities (B) that they regard with (C) pride as essential (D) Norwegian. The value of radar lies in not (A) being a substitute for (B) the eye, but in doing (C) what the eye (D) can not do. The greater part of (A) the lowergrade students was (B) unable to achieve the (C) norm on (D) the reading tests. He would (A) always ignore the fact (B) of there to be (C) such a contradiction in his inner (D) thought. Dr. Norman Bethune was prepared (A) to leave with (B) the last wounded (C) being operated on (D) ． In some countries,the papers and television feed (A) the young with (B) fantastic tales of the poor's (C) becoming (D) rich. Section C Directions：Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Historians use the _____ on the walls of ancient temples to guide them in their studies. A．description B．inscription C．prescription D．subscription With some effective measures adopted in the workshop, the workers are safe _____ getting injured. A．in B．from C．against D．without Only Type 22 of bicycle is _____ ,but the type you want has been all out. A．on sale B．in fashion C．in stock D．in bad need Having got everything ready,they _____ mapping out a plan for the construction of a new express way. A．got down to B．got round to C．set about D．came to He was brought to consciousness when the doctor had _____ artificial respiration. A．employed B．exploited C．utilized D．applied They always lay in a large _____ of tinned food in winter in case they are snowed up. A．provision B．supply C．proportion D．storage You have the _____ of working hard and being successful or of not working hard and being unsuccessful. A．selection B．choice C．alternative D．option Many _____ becoming rich have found _____ wealth not an escape from evil,but a new and worse form of it. A．in?out B．on?in C．after?out D．with?in She _____ that it was a trick to get her involved in the matter,for she knew them too well. A．doubted B．suspected C．conceived D．convinced Although most universities in the United States are on a semester system which offers classes in the fall and spring,some schools _____ a quarter system comprised of fall,winter,spring and summer quarters. A．manipulate B．regulate C．practise D．observe With the growth of independence between different regions of the world,it is easy to see that any permanent economic or political instability in one area is _____ to have an increasingly serious effect upon the rest of the world. A．bound B．connected C．subjected D．subordinated Women have significant advantages over men in space because they need less food and less oxygen and they _____ radiation better. A．stand up for B．face up to C．stand up to D．break away from Between 1977 and 1981,three groups of American women,numbering 27 _____ ,were given monthlong tests to determine how they would respond to conditions resembling those aboard the space shuttle. A．above all B．after all C．in all D．over all In recent years,scientific and technological developments have _____ changed human life on our planet, as well as our views both of ourselves as individuals in society and of the universe as a whole. A．drastically B．fiercely C．severely D．dramatically Margaret made a lot of effort to persuade her father into _____ to her going to the United States to study business administration in Harvard University. A．contending B．contesting C．contenting D．consenting Baroque has been the term used by art historians for almost a century to _____ the dominant style of the period 16001750. A．determine B．designate C．devise D．despise At opening of the century,with the exception of a crude plow,farmers could have carried _____ all of the existing agricultural implements on their backs. A．practically B．virtuously C．eventually D．evenly Because he was _____ of the new speed limit,he was stopped and warned for speeding. A．suspicious B．ignorant C．negligible D．regardless Before the committee started its work,the _____ of the last meeting were read out. A．minutes B．records C．copies D．manuscripts The portion of the total income of China's railways which comes from carrying cargo is _____ 80 percent. A．consequently B．roughly C．comparatively D．incidentally Part II Cloze Test Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) ????Language is such a pervasive cultural phenomenon that it can truly be called“second nature”. In the immeasurable 41 of time since this form of behavior was acquired by the human race, language has always been the best 42 and most often used medium of cultural expression. The idea of human society and of man himself as a reasoning 43 cannot be separated from the fact 44 men possess language. ???? 45 the nature of language in general, volumes have been written and schools of philosophy 46 ; over specific languages 47 , arguments are easily roused and political controversies are often based, and yet a satisfactory definition of language has never been reached. In the mind of the average person, it is 48 from other systems of communication. Although every person has the fantastic 49 of his language at his command, science has yet to perceive, record, tabulate or render them into a comprehensive 50 . 41．A．amount B．length C．period D．point 42．A．incorporated B．inserted C．insulated D．integrated 43．A．logic B．being C．person D．individual 44．A．because B．those C．all D．that 45．A．On B．In C．With D．Through 46．A．founded B．have founded C．are founded D．were founded 47．A．at length B．in essence C．in particular D．on average 48．A．incompatible B．indispensable C．undistingushed D．unidentified 49．A．complexities B．similarities C．regularity D．uniformity 50．A．chart B．file C．mechanism D．scheme Part III Reading Comprehension Directions：Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D.Read the passages carefully and choose the best anwser to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points) Passage 1 ????During the past four decades the fishery scientist of the West have studies the dynamics of fish populations with the objective of determining the relation between the amount of fishing and the sustainable catch. They have developed a substantial body of theory that has been applied successfully to a large number of animal populations and has led to a major improvement in the management of some of the major marine fisheries. ????The theory has been developed for singlespecies populations with man as a predator. Much of it is based on the Darwinian concept of a constant overpopulation of young that is reduced by densitydependent mortality resulting form intraspecific competition. The unfished population tends toward a maximum equilibrium size with a relatively high proportion of large, old individuals. As fishing increased and natural mortality is reduced, death from fishing eventually takes the place of most natural mortality. If the amount of fishing is increased too much, the indivduals will tend to be taken before realizing their potential growth, and total yield will be reduced. The maximum sustainable yields can be taken at an intermediate population size that in some populations is about onethird the unfished population size. ????G.V.Nikolskii, of Moscow State University, develops his theory from a different approach. He is nonDarwinian and is(he says)a nonmathematician; rather he considers himself as ecologist and morphologist. He argues that Darwins's concept of constant overpopulation has led to the neglect of the problem of protecting spawns and young fish. He argues also that Darwin's concept of a variety as an incipient species have led to extensive mathematical analysis of racial characters. Nikolskii considers the main laws of population dynamics to be concerned with the succession of generations; their birth, growth, and death. The details are governed by the relative rates of adaptaton and environmental change. The mass and age structure of a population are the result of adaptation to the food supply. The mass and age structure of a population are the result of adaptation to the food supply. The rate of growth of individuals, the time of sexual maturity, and the accumulation of reserves vary according to the food supply. These factors in turn influence the success of reproduction in ways that tend to bring the size of the population into balance with its food supply. Nikolskill theorizes that fish population is controlled mainly by the _____ . A.size of the fish caught within a species B.racial characteristics of the species C.amount of food available to the species D.death rate within a species The author indicates the main difference between the theories of Darwin and Nikolskii is the _____ . A.effect of food supply on the size of the fish B.the amount of fish that can be harvested C.methods used to catch fish D.cause of population variation in fish The theories based on the concepts of Darwin assume that fish population is controlled mainly by the _____ . A.size of the fish caught within a species B.amount of fishing pressure of the species C.racial characteristics of the species D.life expectancy within the species The researchers discussed in the passage were mainly concerned with _____ . A.species of fish faced with extinction B.the ecology of fishing C.the effects of pollution on fishing D.commercial fishing Passage 2 ????There are people in Italy who can't stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey.A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it's a game better suited to the 19th century slow,quiet, gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there's the sport that glorifies “the hit”. ????By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still. ????On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, closeups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won't do it for you. ????Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher (投手) throws; the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman's position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,”you say.“I could have had my eyes closed.” ????The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony (交响乐) of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber (室内)music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses. The passage is mainly concerned with _____ . A．the different tastes of people for sports B．the different characteristics of sports C．the attraction of football D．the attraction of baseball Those who don't like baseball may complain that _____ . A．it is only to the taste of the old B．it involves fewer players than football C．it is not exciting enough D．it is pretentious and looks funny The author admits that _____ . A．baseball is too peaceful for the young B．baseball may seem boring when watched on TV C．football is more attracting than baseball D．baseball is more interesting than football We can safely conclude that the author _____ ． A．likes football B．hates football C．hates baseball D．likes baseball Passage 3 ????Aleister Growley is probably considered to be the most infamous Black Magician of the 20th century although, in fact, he was not a Black Magician and never claimed to be. He practiced his own form of magic which only partly resembled the rites of devil worshippers, and it was certainly not performed for the same ends. ????Rather than worshipping God, the devil, or anything else, Crowley devised a “religion” with himself as a saviour showing the people the way to freedom through their own“true will”.In other words, he said, people should throw off all constraints and conventions and gain control of themselves and others through their own will power. ????In his famous books,“Magic in Theory and Practice”,Crowley explains what magic is, namely, a technique of making nature obey man's will by capturing natural power through speaking the appropriate words and performing the correct actions. All this must be done while in the right state of mind: a state that Crowley often produced by the use of drugs. ????His experiments with various drugs were to have serious consequences and by the time he was in his thirties he was taking too much heroin. At the end of his life he was taking a massive daily does of 11 grammes, enough to kill a roomful of people. It was only his extraordinary physical strength and conditioning through the years, that stopped it being fatal. Rather ironically, considering his excessive intake of drugs, Crowley died of natural causes at the age of 72. ????Opinion has always been sharply divided about him, for as well as being a selfconfessed magician, Crowley also painted, wrote plays, stories and poetry. Some see him as a clever but misguided man, while others ,especially after the scandals attached to his life at Cefalu in Cicily, view him as truly evil. Through the doctrine of “true will”,Crowley encouraged people to _____ . A.ignore the normal morality B.find freedom through selfworship C.control everything by will power D.invent a new unconventional religion How is magic defined in“Magic in Theory and Practice”? A.As a means of acquiring a certain state of mind. B.As a technique of speaking and acting in a certain way. C.As a form of natural power gained through using drugs. D.As a way of subduing natural laws by will power. What kind of person was Crowley? A.Selfseeking and violent. B.Strongwilled and dissatisfied. C.Rash and weakwilled. D.Strongwilled and determined. Why didn't the large amounts of heroin taken by Growley prove fatal? A.He took too large a dose for it to be fatal. B.He did not take enough to kill a man of his size. C.He had conditioned his body not to die. D.He had accustomed his body to large dosage. Passage 4 ????I have yet to witness one example just one of compliance on the part of those people who have the power to move those little thermostat buttons.Don't they know about the fuel shortage? ????The subways are too hot.Heat pours out of the vents.People stand bumper to bumper breathing hotly down each other's necks with their heavy winter coats on-and sweating.The subways could probably be heated by body heat alone.Why is it still August down there? ????Department stores are too hot.The customers are wearing those same heavy winter coats.Even if you take your coat off，it's still too hot，and then you've got to lug your coat around as well as all the holiday packages. ????My apartment is too hot.Even with the radiators turned off steam pours out of every nook and cranny.It's a bit ludicrous that I go running around turning off lights to save electricity while I'm wearing shorts and my windows are wide open. ????Museums are too hot.Movies are too hot.Buses are too hot.This morning the Fifth Avenue bus was so hot that everybody was opening the windows.And it was raining out.Better wet than hot. ????And now I sit sweating in my office.The heat is on，and so is the airconditioning，but even that doesn't help. ????I think ordinary people are willing to make sacrifices.All the ordinary people I know are cutting down on electricity and gas.I am sure the ordinary people would be willing to conserve sweat，too. ????But the ordinary people，unfortunately，don't have power over the thermostat. In this passage，the author _____ . A．is calling for the saving of energy B．is talking about the earth's greenhouse effect C．is complaining about the crowdedness of public places D．expresses dissatisfaction with urban life The author lists so many places in order to make clear the idea that _____ . A．some public places are too hot to work in B．energy used for heating can be saved in some places C．life in big cities is rather unpleasant D．public places should be better airconditioned By saying that“? ordinary people would be willing to conserve sweat，too”（the third sentence in paragraph 7），the author really means that ordinary people _____ . A．would agree to turn off power where possible B．prefer winter to summer C．don't like hot places D．are willing to give up a comfortable life The tone of the passage is one of _____ . A．complaint B．despair C.persuasion D.criticism Passage 5 ????Increasingly, the development of tourism is seen to have an effect on the environment. Erosion is one problem. The steps and stones of major popular sites like Shakespeare's birthplace or Stonehenge are literally being worn away by millions of foreign feet. The remedy in the case of Britain's best known prehistoric monument has been to use railings to keep visitors at a distance. Such measures can hardly be adopted in the house of the Bard, however, where tourists want to enter the actual building. ????Overcrowding in cities, towns and villages is another problem. Traffic jams are an outcome. In narrow roads, tourist vehicles cause congestion. Local traders and residents cannot get around to do their work. Car parks fill up, so strangers park their cars where they can;in streets, across gateways, in laybys, or even in private driveways. This causes obstruction. The sheer weights of incomers can be a hazard.Thus Venice, a city built for half a million inhabitants, is swollen by another half million who populate the city daily in the tourist season eight million visits each year.The mayor recently decided to limit visitors to 90 000 a day: the only way to save the city from inundation. ????Pollution is a further consequence. The Lakes are popular for people who enjoy watersports, such as waterskiing , power boat racing and swimming, but boats pump sewage directly into the water. Facilities can be provided to prevent this happening, but this is costly. There are also problems with litter. ????The threat to wildlife habitats is yet another result. Tourists around the Lakes destroy vegetation. This is harmful to animals which build their nests along the shores. Wildlife refuges have been created which have helped protect these natural sites. On the Greek island of Zakinthos, the breeding beaches of the rare loggerhead turtle are being threatened by tourist disturbance. Local conservationists try to monitor and protect the turtles but they have been attacked by the angry owners of taverns and hotels who make lucrative profits from bars or renting sunbeds and umbrellas. Government compensation payments for the loss of business might be the anwser,but this would be costly. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage? A．The development of tourism has brought about environmental problems. B．Tourism should not develop at the cost of the environmental destruction. C．Measures taken to protect the environment prove to be ineffective. D．Tourism is developing for the sole purpose of making money. As a result of overdevelopment of tourism, Venice _____ . A．is overcrowded with cars B．is overloaded C．is worn away D．is badly polluted Paragraph 3 points out that the Lakes _____ ． A．have too many boats on them B．are overcrowded on the beaches C．are polluted by wastes D．are no longer attractive On the island of Zakinthos, measures to protect the turtles meet resistance chiefly for _____ ． A．political reasons B．economic reasons C．environmental reasons D．developmental reasons Part IV English-Chinese Translation Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese（15 points） ????The sudden upthrust of warm，moist air into the terrible cold of the frozen heights is what creates thunder.The sudden stronger rubbing together or two unlike forces（very warm air against very cold air）develops a kind of electricity called“static electricity”.Its charges produce lightning and thunder.（71） Thus the violence of the thunderstorm is an almost direct result of millions of warm water drops being thrown into compatable masses of ice crystals-hitting them，rolling over them，melting them，or being frozen by them into snow or hail. ????Exactly how the electric charge is developed by the many and complex forces of this battle of heat and cold is still a matter of opinion.Some scientists think the action of wind against the rain is the principal factor.（72） These scientists believe the wind tears off the outer surface of each falling drops，like pulling a sweater over a child's head，making a fine nagative charge while leaving the main part of the raindrop positive. Other scientists believe that the friction of snow crystals breaking in the wind sets up the electrical charge.In reality it may well be all these factors-and more-that combine to do the work. ????（73） In any case，huge masses of electricallycharged raindrops and hailstones become sorted into positive and negative reserves of electrical energy at different parts of the thundercloud，creating between them fields of very great extremes. When the resistance between these fields breaks down，the energy that is suddenly discharged is lightning. ????I do not know of any case of lightning directly causing an airplane accident，Cattle and sheep are more likely to be struck by lightning than are airplanes or houses.There is a recorded case that occurred on a mountainside in the western part of the United States in which one bolt of lightning killed 835 sheep.（74） Evidently the hard，dry earth offered more resistance to the lightning than the route of traveling from the ground，up one leg of an animal，through its moist body，and down another leg. ????A person's chances of being killed by a thunderstorm are not very great.In the United States an average of one person in 265000 dies as a result of a thunderstorm.Today's houses，ships，airplanes，and electric power lines are well protected against lightning，and the risk is decreasing.Even a man whose work exposes him almost daily to lightning can do something about it.（75） Despite the saying that one never knows if lightning strikes him，a person can sometimes feel the bolt coming and，if quick enough，take protective action in time. Part V Writing (15 points) Directions: Look at the following table and analyze what types of library materials are needed by different people. Materials used at public library ? Academic Books % Research Materials % Magzines % Newspapers % Novels % Video Tapes % Audio Tapes % Number of Users Interviewed  Total 80 61 59 50 48 8 7 (770)  Sex  ? ? ? ? ? ? ?  Male 78 63 61 56 40 9 8 (384)  Female 83 59 57 44 55 7 6 (386)  Age  ? ? ? ? ? ? ?  18-24 years 79 70 73 57 58 12 9 (158)  25-34 years 87 66 65 57 46 10 8 (207)  35-49 years 84 65 56 47 42 5 8 (207)  50 years and older 71 46 48 41 47 5 5 (194)  Education  ? ? ? ? ? ? ?  College 88 75 71 58 49 10 11 (397)  High School 77 51 49 44 46 5 4 (305)  Graduate  ? ? ? ? ? ? ?  Less than high 64 41 51 41 46 8 6 (68)  school graduate          Based on library visitors aged 18 and older. 考研英语模拟试题[26]答案分析 Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A (C) 这是there be句型的异化形式，即there be句型中还可以用be以外的不及物动词，如live,stand,exist,Come,remain等。 (B) 相当于A light with no more power than the power which is produced by…。that替代power,故D不对；as表示同级比较，不与than用在一起，故A也不正确；C中缺少which的先行词，也是错误的。 (A) 在反意疑问句中，如果陈述部分的must表示“想必”、“一定”等推测含义，附加疑问部分往往不重复must,而是根据陈述部分动词短语的具体含义采用相应形式。本句：“……昨天晚上你一定是看那部剧了，是不是?”应用didn't,相当于：I am sure you saw it that evening.又如：A wilful man must have his way,won't he?意为：A wilful man will certainly have his way. (B) no与not any在意义上无甚差别，但在形式上，前者是合成否定，后者是分解否定，这两种形式是不能并列使用的。句中little也是合成否定相当于almost no，便要求其同类形式no与之相并列。从另一个角度分析，not any通常不能成为固定习语，而little or no是固定习语,所以not any 不合适。none 和nothing都是代词，而此处要求形容词，故不正确。 (C) 此处用不定式表示“后来称为……”。calling与was构成过去进行时，显然语义不通。另外call作“称作”解时，不能表示延续性动作。called和to be called都是被动形式，在句中不合逻辑。 (A) should be是should be good at this的省略，意为：“我们应该骑得比现在好。”其他选择项均不合适。 (D) 在间接引语中，主句用过去时，从句视情况用过去时、过去将来时、过去完成时或过去完成进行时，这样便排除了A、C;句中有时间状语for twentyfive years,所以不能用过去时。用过去完成进行时表示“已经飞行了25年，并还要继续下去”的含义。 (B) to use…,不定式短语作way的定语，只是因为定语太长，故将谓语前移，使句子避免头重脚轻。by using表示方式，作状语用；using,动名词，不能作way的定语，way，要求不定式作定语； used，无论从语法结构上还是从意义上都讲不通。 (B) 用any与not呼应，用完成式表示“至现在还不曾知……”，所以应选any having done so，相当于any who have done so。 (A) other than,“除了”。句意：“将此设备用于灭火以外的别的用途是违法的。未经允许使用该设备，故意造成财产损失罚款50 000美元。”none but，“只用于(灭火)”，意思正好相反；otherwise，“另外的”、“别的样的”，用在句中语义不通；rather than，“而不是”，相当于并列连词，要求一个并列结构“是……而不是……”，在此句中不合适。 Section B (D)错 应改为：would。that从句是supposition的同位语，要求其谓语动词采用虚拟形式，相当于：…suppose the population and property would increase。当然，如果采用这种形式，一般应放在句首。本句意为：“这个城镇贷款建校舍是基于这样一种假设，即：人口和财产会增加。” (D)错 应改为过去分词held。句中that从句是discovery的同位语，if从句又是该同位语从句中的子从句，其逻辑主语是baby，与hold动作是被动关系“被抱着”，所以应用过去分词。 (D)错 应改成：in which,相当于in sign language motions stand for…，而不能用表示所有格的关系代词whose，即：the notions of sign language，显然不对。whose在从句中作定语，而此处需要的是状语。 (B)错 sometime,“某时”，在句中应分开写，some time，“一些时候”。如本句：“暑假时，他尽量一段时间不抽烟，可一上班就又抽起来了。”sometimes,“有时”；some times，“几次”。考生应分辨几种不同形式意义上的差异，切不可混淆。请参见1996年试题(22)。 (D)错 应改为：essentially，此处Norwegian是形容词，不是名词，故应用副词修饰。 (A)错 应将not置于in之前，因为是…lies not in…but in…，两个介词短语并列。 (B)错 应用复数形式were。the greater part of…作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数取决于后面的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词，可数即用复数。如本句：“大部分低年级学生”；不可数则用单数。这条语法规则也适用于one third of…，50% of…等短语作主语时的情况。 (C)错 应改为：there being。there to be和there being都是there be的非限定形式，两种结构都可以作介词宾语。如果是介词for，便只能用there to be结构；其他介词都跟there being结构。 (D)错 应改为：having been operated on，表示“白求恩大夫给最后一个伤员做完手术之后准备离开”，故用动名词完成式结构。 (C)错 应去掉's。the poor是名词化形容词，指一类人。名词化形容词或分词(如the unemployed)没有所有格形式。 Section C (B) inscription,“铭刻”；description,“描述”；prescription,“药方”;subscription,“订阅”。 (B) safe from,“免遭……伤害”。safe也可接against，如：safe against all possibilities“万无一失”。但如果是“伤害”一类的词，应用from:safe from attack(damage,harm)。 (C) in stock,“有现货”；on sale,“出售”；in fashion,“时兴”；in bad need,“急需”。 (A) get down to,“着手开始做……”；get round to,“(经过一段时间耽误)开始考虑”，如：When we finally got around to buying the Chrismas cards,it was too late .The shops were all sold out.“当我们最后考虑到要买圣诞卡的时候，已经太晚了，各商店都已卖光了。”set about也表示“开始”，但用在此句不十分准确，因为前面有“一切准备工作就绪，他们就着手制定新建高速公路的计划”。come to，“苏醒”、“当谈到……”。 (D) 这几个词都有“用”的意思，但确切含义不同：apply:put into use to serve its purpose，“应用”，接to，如：apply a rule to a case,“将规则应用于某种情况”。employ：make use of,如：How do you employ your time?exploit:use selfishly,for one's own profit,“自私地利用”、“剥削”或use,work or develop mines ,(water or other natural resources),“利用或开发矿产(水利资源或其他自然资源)”。utilize:make use of，find a use for…,“利用”、“发现……的用途”。句中“……医生施用人工呼吸”，使患者苏醒了，因此用apply。 (B) lay in a large storage of,“大量贮藏”；make provision for,“为……作准备(作安排)”，1995年考了这个词组；furnish supply to,“为……提供”或have a good supply of,“有大量的”；a large proportion of,“大部分”，用在句中不合适。 (C) 在两者之间作出选择用alternative；selection,“挑选”、“精选”、“淘汰”；choice:act of choosing,一般意义上的“选择”；option:right or power of choosing,“选择权”。 (B) on becoming rich,“一富有就……”，句意：“许多人发了财后就发觉钱财并不能使人摆脱邪恶，而是一种新的、更糟的邪恶。” (B) suspect:have an idea or feeling(concerning the possibility of sth.),“猜想”、“有点感觉到……”；doubt:hesitate to believe,question the truth,“怀疑”、“不相信”。这两个词有时都译成“怀疑”，但意思截然不同，切勿混用，suspect和doubt在使用结构上也不一样：suspect that…或suspect sb.of sth.;doubt whether…(or…)，在否定句和疑问句中用doubt that…;作非及物动词时用doubt of(about)。conceive,“想象出”、“构思”，要求接介词of；convince oneself that…，“确信”或convince sb.of sth.。 (D) observe在这里的意思是follow，即：“遵循”、“遵守”；manipulate,“操纵”；regulate,“调整”；practise,“实践”、“练习”。这几个词在习惯上均不与system构成动宾语义关系。 (A) be bound to do,“必定会”；be subjected to,“受……的支配(控制)”，to是介词；be subordinated to,“服从于……”，to也是介词。 (C) stand up to:stay in good condition(despite hard use,long wear,etc.),“经得起［折磨(人)、磨损(物)］”；stand up for,“维护”、“为……辩护”；face up to,“大胆地面对”；break away from,“与……脱离”、“离开”。句意：“在太空，女人比男人有明显的优势，因为她们需要的食物、氧气较少，承受辐射的能力较强。” (C) in all,“总计”、“总共”；above all,“尤其是”、“首先”；after all,“毕竟”；over all,“全长”、“从一头到另一头”。overall的意思则是“全部的”，为形容词。 (A) drastically change,“彻底地改变”；fiercely“激烈地”；severely“严厉地”、“严峻地”；dramatically，“戏剧性地”。 (D) consent to,“同意”；contend,“竞争”、“斗争”；contest,“竞争”、“比赛”；content,“使满意”。 (B) designate:to point out or call by a special name,“指明”、“指出”；determine,“确定”、“决心”；devise,“计划”、“发明”；despise,“鄙视”、“轻蔑”。 (A) practically,“几乎”、“将近”；virtuously,“实质上”、“实际上”；eventually,“最终地”；evenly,“均等地”。 (B) ignorant of,“不知道”；suspicious of,“怀疑”；negligible,“可以忽略的”、“微不足道的”；regardless of,“无论”、“不管”。 (A) minutes,“会议记录”，要用复数；record,“事实事件的记载”、“唱片”；copy,“复本”；manuscript,“手稿”。 (B) roughly,“大约”、“粗略地计算”；consequently,“因此”、“所以”；comparatively,“比较地”、“相对地”；incidentally,“顺便说一句”。 Part Ⅱ Cloze Test 短文大意：自从人类学会使用语言以来，语言就成为最完整周密、最常使用的表达方式。关于一般语言本质的问题，已有大量著作问世，并据此形成不同的哲学派别，由于具体语言而引起的辩论和政治论战更是司空见惯。然而，人们至今还未能对语言做出令人满意的定义，还有待科学研究把错综复杂的语言现象归纳总结为一个综合体系。 段首句译文：“语言是如此普遍的文化现象，确实可以称它为‘第二属性’。” (B) length 用immeasurable(无法衡量的)来形容时间，实际上是讲时间长。A. amount主要指时间多，却不一定是完整的一段时间；C. period(一段)不能用immeasurable 修饰；D. point(点)更无所谓“无法衡量”，故只有b. length(长度)为正确选择。 选项用法举列：in a 24hour period,“在24小时里”；to visit for a short period of time，“作短期访问”；a historical period of considerable length，“一个相当长的历史阶段”。 (D) integrated A. incorporated意为：’合并”、“并入”、“结合”、“组成公司”，即：to make something a part of a group, join one another in making a company;B. inserted指“插入”；C. insulated指“隔离”、“使绝缘”，都不合文意。D. integrated做动词指“使完整”、“使成一体(combine into a whole)”，其过去分词作形容词有“完整的”、“整合谐调的”等意思(showing a usually pleasing mixture of qualities)，在此最合文章。 译文：“在人类学会使用这种行为方式之后的漫长岁月里，语言一直是最完整周密、使用最多的文化表达手段。” (B) being 把人看作“逻辑”讲不通，故首先排除A. logic。本句中man指抽象的人类，并非具体某个人，且person和individual一般不用human修饰，故C、D均不正确。B. being 用名词有“生物(living creature)”的意思，human being即“人”，为正确选择。 (D) that men possess language是fact的内容，故应选引导同位语从语的D. that。A. because, B.those, C.all均不正确。 译文：“对人类社会的看法以及把人类本身看作有理性思维能力的生物的看法与人类拥有语言这一事实是分不开的。” (A) On A. On有“关于”、“论及”的意思，是正确选择，其余选项均不正确。本句结构为状语提前，正常语序是：Volumes have been written on the nature of language…。 (A) founded 本句中由and连接的schools of philosophy为上文volumes的并列成分，其谓语可省略重复部分have been,故A. founded为正确选择。B. have founded不是被动语态；C.are founded和D. were founded时态均有误。 (C) in particular 本题分号前后部分为并列句，内容及用词当相互照应。因上文有in general，故此处C. in particular(尤其、特别地)从意思上结构上讲都为最佳选择。A. at length(最终、最后、详细地)，B. in essense(大体上、本质上)，D. on average(平均、一般说来)均不合文意。 译文：“关于一般语言本质的问题，已有大量著作问世，并据此形成了不同的哲学派别；而涉及到某些具体语言的问题，则更是争论不休，政治论战也常由此而生。然而，对语言却一直未能下一个令人满意的定义。” (C) undistinguished A. incompatible(不匹配的、矛盾的)要与介词with连用；B. indispensible(不可缺少的、绝对必要的)常与to连用；D. unidentified指“无从指认的”、“不能识别的”，也不同from连用，故A、B、D均不正确。C. undistinguished有“未被识别的”、“未被认清的”的含义，多与from连用，无论从语法还是文意角度看都是正确答案。 译文：“在一般人看来，它与其他信息交流体系并没有区别。” 选项用法举例：Excessive drinking is incompatible with good health.“酗酒与健康是不能并存的。”Air, food and water are indispensible to life. “空气、食 物和水都是维持生命不可缺少的。”Can you distinguish him from his twin brother?”你能分清他和他的孪生兄弟吗?”Speech distinguishes man from other animals.“语言使人区别于其他动物。”All dressed in shcool uniform, the children are almost undistinguishable from each other in the distance.“孩子们都穿着校服，从远处简直无法分清谁是谁。” (A) complexities complexity作不可数名词时意为：“复杂(性)”、“错综(性)”，其复数形式意为：“错综复杂的事物”。A. complexities在此指语言的各种复杂成分，符合文意。B. similarities(相似、相同之处)，C. regularity(规律、整齐、定期)，D.uniformity(同一、一致、统一性)均不合题意。 (D) scheme A. chart指以曲线、图表等表示物价、天气、商情等资料的“图表”，因上文已有tabulate(列表、制成表格，即：arrange in the form of a table)，故应排除。B. file指“档案”、“卷宗”、“文件”；C. mechanism意为：“一部机器各部件的总称”、“机械装置”、“机械般的结构(机构)”，故B和C均不对。D.scheme有“安排”、“组配”、“体系”、“体制”的意思，符合文意。 译文：“虽然每个人都掌握了错综复杂的语言成分，但科学研究仍需观察和记录这些复杂的语言现象，把它们列表或将它们归总为一个系统的体系。” 选项用法举例：the scheme of society，“社会结构”；a delightful color scheme of the room，“室内悦目的色彩布局”；a new scheme of philosophical interpretations，“一个哲学解释的新体系” Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (C) 意为：某种鱼食的数量。第三段第七、八、九句指出，鱼群及其年龄结构的形成取决于食物的数量，鱼的成长率、成熟期(sexual maturity)的长短、数量的多少the accumulation of reserves 都取决于食物的多少，这些因素又影响到繁殖的成功率，最终使鱼的数量和食物的数量成正比。 (D) 意为：导致鱼数量多少的原因。第二段第二句指出，它在很大程度上是以达尔文的理论为基础，达尔文认为：幼子(young)的不断增加会被由同一物种内的竞争(intraspecific competition)所导致的密度死亡率(densitydependent mortality)所抵消。即所谓的物竟天择、适者生存。这与尼古尔斯基的观点不一样。参阅第1题题解。换言之，达尔文及其信奉者认为导致鱼数量多少在于鱼群内部，而尼古尔斯基则认为来自于外部：食物的多少。 (B) 意为：对某种鱼的捕捞量。第二段第三、四句指出，未捕捞的鱼群(unfished population)增加到最大程度的平衡，其中大、老鱼占更大比例。如果捕捞量增加，自然死亡率(natural mortality)就会下降，因此捕捞造成的数量减少被自然减少所代替。实际上，这种理论认为：决定鱼的数量多寡的原因有二：一是捕捞量，即所谓人为原因；二是自然死亡，包括鱼之间的竞争。 (B) 意为：捕鱼生态学。本文第一句是全文的主题，该句可译为：在过去的40年中，西方渔业科学家研究鱼群的动态关系(dynamics of fish populations)，目的在于确定捕捞量和可允许的捕捞量(sustainable catch)之间的关系。他们研究的目的是确认合适的捕捞量，以便不影响鱼的生态。 (D) 文章第一段简述了人们对垒球所持的偏见--认为它毫无活力、从容和缓，不像橄榄球那样高潮迭起、令人激动。文章的第二、三、四、五段探讨了垒球的根本特征及欣赏角度，文章的最后一句话用一个比喻概括了垒球的魅力：“如果橄榄球是一曲交响乐的话，那么，垒球中所表现出来的运动恰似一曲优美的室内乐。”可见，本文主要探讨的是垒球的特点及其欣赏。A不对。第一段也确实了不同观众对不同运动形式的偏好，但这只是用以引出对垒球的特征及欣赏的讨论。 (C) 文章第一段指出，许多人不喜欢垒球，一提起垒球这些人就打哈欠甚至皱眉头。对他们来说，看垒球意味着眼巴巴地观望着身着运动装(outfit)的人呆立在球场上，东瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么(激动人心的)事发生--没意思透了。他们认为这样的运动更合上个世纪的人的口味，不像橄榄球那样充满活力。A意为：“它只适合老年人的口味。”注意：原文说的是适合上个世纪的人的口味，二者意味不一样。D意为：“它矫揉造作(作样)、滑稽可笑。”这与说它gentlemanly(具有绅士风度，矜持，即：没有冲撞或拼抢)不一样。 (B) 第三段指出，在电视上，垒球运动被切换成不同角度的画面，而且不断地使用重放、特写等电视制作技术，这破坏了该运动的整体运动感，使观众无法将自己投入(project)到运动中去，以体会到这种寓动于静的运动之美。电视做不到这一点(The TV won't do it for you)，因此，电视上的垒球比赛看上去(seems)孤孤单单、冷冷清清、沉沉静静、慢慢腾腾。C、D不对。作者仅指出了不同运动有不同运动的特征，并未说哪种运动优于哪种。参阅文章最后一句。 (D) 在本文中，作者主要探讨了垒球的特征及欣赏，作者着重指出的是：只有根据垒球的特征来欣赏它，才能体会到它的魅力。在他看来，观察到垒球比赛中运动员的各种动作、垒球位之间的关系等是欣赏它的关键(第三段第二句)。只有从整体来把握它，才能看到每一个小的动作、每一个眼神乃至于“静止”的意义，也只有这样，才能全身心地投入比赛中，欣赏到它的魅力。可见，作者对垒球有很深的理解且非常喜爱垒球。主要参考第三、四、五段。 (C) 意为：用意志力控制一切。第二段指出，克劳利不崇拜神、魔鬼或其他神灵，他有自己的宗教，他自命为可以指导人利用自己的“真意”(true will)走向自由之路的救世主，换言之，他认为人们应该摆脱一切束缚和常规，通过自己的意志力(will power)控制自己和他人。 (B) 意为：作为一种语言和行为方式。第三段指出，在他的书中，克劳利解释说，魔法通过正确的咒语和获得自然力(natural power)，掌握了这种自然力就可以让自然服从于你。这种自然力的获得必须在正确的心境下进行：克劳利用毒品来获得这种心境。 (D) 意为：意志坚强、果断。克劳利的“宗教”就是用所谓的意志力来控制一切。参阅第59、60题题解。 (D) 意为：他的身体已经适应了大剂量毒品。第四段指出，他用各种毒品(drug)来企图获得预想的结果，这对他的身体产生了严重的影响，到三十岁以后，他已嗜毒成性，时近末年，他每日嗜毒11克，这足够要一屋子人的命(a roomful of people)。他没有丧命黄泉仅仅是因为他特别强壮的体力和多年的调节。具有讽刺意味的是，虽然科劳利嗜毒，他却在72岁时自然死亡。 (A) 原文第一段指出，还没有一个人--一个有这方面权力的人--能顺从公众的意愿将取暖设备上的开头关掉(或关小)，至少作者还未见到。难道他们不知道现在燃料短缺得很吗?在以下五段里，作者举了几个例子--地铁、商店、等--用以说明：在许多地方，取暖器是没必要的，因为在这些地方已经免热了。第七段指出，普通人愿意节约能源，实际上许多人也已经这样做了。但是，遗憾的是，他们没有权力关掉(或关小)(公共志气内的)取暖器，而有权力的人却不为之。B意为：“谈论地球的温室效应”。 (B) 参考第(63)题题解。 (A) 这句话可直译为：“我肯定普通人也愿意节约汗。”这是幽默说法。节约汗实际上是说不出汗，而只有不太热时才不出汗。可见，作者还是想说，在某些地方，取暖 器是不必要的--何必一方面让人汗雨淋淋而另一方面又浪费能源呢? (D) 由以上分析可见，作者对那些主管暖设备的人持批评态度，反对他们无视现实、机械行事的作法。他们本应该根据情形调节供暖，以期达到节约能源这目的--但他们偏偏没有这样做。 (A) 文章的主旨陈述在第一句：旅游业的发展给环境带来(不良)影响。下列几段分别从几个地方遭受不同形式的危害来说明了这一主旨。B不正确。在列举的几方面危害中，有的与生态的平衡(ecological balance)无关，如：威尼斯(Venice)的下沉(inundation)、莎士比亚故居的石阶被踏平等。C不正确。作者的确提到了许多保护措施代价太高(costly)，但有的却不是这样，如：第一段提到了装栏杆(railing)的措施。这一措施的问题不在于它昂贵，而在于它的不可行性，因为旅游者必须进到里面去参观，否则便没有意义了。 (B) 根据第二段后半的陈述，威尼斯原设计只能承受50万居民，但在旅游季节，来该城观光的每年达800万人次。该市最近规定每天来访人数不得超出9万人，这是唯一可以免使该城下沉的措施。这一事例说明，涌入人员的总重量本身也可以带来危害(第二段第七句)。 (C) 第三段谈的是污染问题。在五大湖(the Lakes)，由于水上运动的盛行，船将污水(sewage)直接排进湖水中，人们将垃圾随处乱扔。结果，废物造成了湖水的污染。 (B) 文章最后一段指出，在希腊的扎金索斯(Zakinthos)岛上，当地的环保者为了保护一种稀有的龟而受到了当时饮食业主的反对，因为相应的措施危害了他们的经济利益，影响了他们赚钱。政府可以解决一些问题，但代价太高。 Part IV EnglishChinese Translation 短文大意：短文介绍雷和电是怎样形成的。雷暴是数以百万计的热水滴被抛到数以百万计的冰晶体中而直接产生的结果。一些科学家认为，风把落下的每滴雨点的外层表面刮掉，给雨点的主体充了正电，同时又给雨点充了少许的负电。这样大量充电的雨点和冰雹变成雷云中不同部分分别储有正电能和负电能的区域，形成截然相反的正负雷区。当两个雷区互相撞击时，突然产生的能量就是闪电。人被雷暴击毙的可能性不大。美国26.5万人中有1人死于雷暴。如今房屋、轮船、飞机等都采取了防雷电的措施，这种危险减少了。 这是一个简单句，句架是：the violence of thunderstorm is direct result of…being thrown…”。本句应译成：“因此，雷暴的猛烈几乎是数以百万计的热水滴被抛到数以百万计的冰晶体中而直接产生的结果，这些热水滴撞击冰晶体，在冰晶体上翻滚，把冰晶体融化或被冰晶体冻成雪或冰雹。” 这是一个简单复合句，句架是：scientists believe(that)the wind tears off…,like pulling…making…while leaving…。主句是scientists believe，后面的宾语从句中省略了连词that。在这一从句中，like pulling a sweater over a child's head 是介词短语作状语；分词短语making a fine negative charge作结果状语，while leaving…是表示对比的分词短语作状语。句中make a negative charge是“冲负电”的意思；fine作“细微的”、“极少的”讲。本句应译成：“这些科学家认为，风把落下的每滴雨点的外层表面刮掉，就像从小孩子头顶把运动衫扒掉一样，这样风给雨点的主体充了正电，而同时又给雨点充了少许负电。” 这是一个简单句，句架是：Huge masses of…become sorted into…creating…。分词词组sorted into是分词短语，作表语。creating是分词，引导结果状语。本句应译成：“总之，大量充电的雨点和冰雹变成雷云中不同部分分别储有正电能和负电能的区域，形成截然相反的正负雷区。” 这是一个简单句，句架是：earth offered more resistance to…than the route of traveling…。than 引导的比较状语从句中省略了谓语部分，即offered the resistance to the lightining。本句应译成：“显然，干硬的土地对闪电所产生的电阻大于闪电经过地面向上转入一只动物的一条腿，穿过潮湿的躯体，再向下穿过另一条腿而进入土地时所产生的电阻。” 这是一个简单复合句，句架是：Despite…,a person can…feel and…take action…。句首despite是介词，引导介词短语作状语，在介词短语中that引导的名词从句是saying的同位语，在同位语从句中，if(=whether)lightning…是一个名词从句，作know的宾语，if在句中等于whether。在主句中if quick enough(=if he is quick enough)是条件状语从句，为take cation的前提条件。句中bolt作“内电”讲。本句应译成：“尽管人们常说一个人从来不知道是否遭到闪电的袭击，但是一个人有时能感觉到闪电的到来，如果动作快，就能及时采取保护措施。” Part V Writing (15 points) 参考范文 ????Different people do not use the library in the same way. Their age, amount of education, and even their sex may affect the kind of library materials they need. ????As expected, most adults go to the kind of library for serious work, either to borrow books of academic nature(80%) ,to use research materials(61%),or to read magazines(59). Difference by sex in percentage is small except for reading novels(15% higher for women) and newspapers(12% higher for men). ????More differences in borrowing habits can be seen by the age of library users. Academic book borrowing is reported more often by those aged 25--49 than by ofther age groups while younger borrowers(age 18--24)report a higher percentage of magsazine and novel reading. In general, use of library materials experiences a certain decline among users aged 50 and older when compared with younger users. ????Education is another important factor affecting reading habits of adult readers. Those with a college education are more likely to take advantage of all types of library materials than those less well educated. ????So, public libraries should house all kinds of materials to cater for the various needs of different people.