模拟试题[19]  Simulated Test [PREVIOUS] [NEXT] Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points) Relaxation, _____ fresh air,pure water and clean food,is essential to a sound mind and healthy body. A．much less than B．no less than C．no more than D．any less than Somebody in the next room must be ill, _____ a doctor has just come out. A．because B．for C．in that D．as Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age.For these children _____ to their full adult potential,their education must be adapted to those differences. A．to develop B．to be developed C．developing D．will develop Plastics are warm materials,sympathetic to the human touch,and their transformation _____ things that come into contact with human beings is entirely appropriate. A．of B．by C．into D．for Recently many schools have faced what could be called the crisis of comprehension or,in simple terms,the phenomenon of students with phonic and grammar skills still _____ unable to understand what they read. A．are B．to be C．being D．have been Taking more vitamins than the body needs does not make it function better, _____ overfulfilling the oillamp makes it lighten better. A．no more than B．any more than C．not more than D．much more than For most people the sea was remote,and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea,there was little reason to ask many questions about it,let alone _____ what lay beneath the surface. A．asking B．ask C．to ask D．be asked If you are to catch a train,it is always better to be comfortably early than even a fraction of a minute _____ late. A．too B．very C．much D．rather Suppose there were a flood or an earthquake and the people could not be reached by trains or trucks. _____ packages of food could be dropped from planes,the people might starve. A．Until B．Before C．Unless D．If only I find the courage of treatment by the author _____ so delights us,and which large perception only can inspire. A．who B．which C．what D．as Section B Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5 points) Galileo found (A) it difficult to believe (B) that the sun rotated (C) around the earth and the earth to be (D) the center of the universe. He was told that the (A) money would have (B) to be paid back (C) but he refused to do so (D) . In this case (A) it is cheaper to buy old furniture than to have (B) new one (C) made (D) . There being (A) little rain in (B) the past sixty days,the ground is (C) dry and people feel uncomfortable (D) . There were (A) expected to be (B) more discussions on the President's speech given over (C) the radio the day before (D) . A (A) nation which stops (B) working (C) would be dead (D) in a fortnight. As (A) more and more cars are produced and used,the emission from (B) their exhaustpipes (C) contains an ever large (D) volume of poisonous gas. Experts assert (A) almost all the products that television sells are products that people who care about (B) kids feel (C) shouldn't consume (D) in the first place. The position (A) which (B) a mother holds her baby against (C) her body when resting is rather revealing (D) . Very (A) rarely a specialist is (B) capable of (C) being an ideal generalist as well as (D) a good specialist in a particular field. Section C Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) The leader should _____ every suggestion worthy of careful consideration which is put forward by the masses. A．take charge of B．attach importance to C．take responsibility for D．give regards to He was suprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged _____ . A．at its place B．up to date C．in good order D．to the full People who live in the countryside or in the mountains,where the eyes are constantly _____ themselves to objects at a distance,seldom have to wear glasses in early or middle life. A．adapting B．appealing C．applying D．adjusting The _____ temperature of a human body,no matter in what part of the world he lives,is about 36．8℃. A．common B．average C．regular D．normal The Food and Drug Administration classifies as a cosmetic any product whose _____ purpose is to improve a person's appearance. A．singular B．sincere C．single D．significant At the drug store,the pharmacist refused to give my medicine because she could not read the doctor's _____ . A．description B．prescription C．inscription D．subscription For most children in North America,school vacation begins in June.Classes _____ in late August or early September. A．assume B．presume C．resume D．consume Although he really did not want to open the mysterious drawer again,his curiosity _____ him to take one last look. A．compelled B．attracted C．aroused D．stimulated Too many regard education as their own possession,and do not realize that it is something to be shared with others,and to be used for good of society _____ . A．in general B．at length C．at large D．after all It is not unusual for ballet dancers to _____ more than one pair of toe shoes during an evening's performance. A．wear away B．wear off C．wear down D．wear out Money is the _____ thing she wants,and you won't succeed in winning her heart with money. A．last B．first C．very D．best The assignment is _____ easy.It took us three days to finish it. A．anything but B．nothing but C．all but D．none but Poor as he was,he was _____ making profits at the expense of others. A．above B．off C．out of D．beyond He is the kind of person who stops at nothing in order to _____ his own purpose. A．promote B．obtain C．reach D．achieve _____ where the foreignborn Americans make peace with their new culture,they will likely watch their children turn into Americans. A．In place of B．In memory of C．Regardless of D．In honour of There has been an accident.I think the road will be cleared and traffic will _____ in about ten minutes' time. A．recover B．resume C．be returned D．restore Education is _____ the realization that people need to be motivated to change things which are in their power to change. A．concerned about B．indicative of C．indispensible for D．beneficial to To _____ the structural imbalances in the budget,and also in the economy, the Administration has given its support to a constitutional amendment. A．supplement B．compensate C．remedy D．complement The policy of the government was always interpreted and carried out _____ specific conditions of different provinces. A．in the light of B．for the sake of C．in the name of D．in the interest of The _____ talks between China and the United States were the base of the later agreement. A．original B．primary C．initial D．primitive Part II Cloze Test Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) ?????Nineoneone is a threedigit telephone number that will provide the American public with access to an emergency answering center.It is the number that has been 41 for reporting an emergency and 42 assistance in any community in the United States.The primary 43 of this public service is to preserve life and property.Ideally,this means that 44 ,nearly every American citizen and visitor to the country who has access to a telephone could summon aid by dialling this simple threedigit number, 45 location,familiarity with an area,time of day,or type of emergency. ?????The concept of a 46 emergency telephone number is not new. 47 systems have been in service nationwide in several European countries for many years. 48 the selection of the particular agency to act as the answering center may differ from country to country,the concept of a single number,received at a central reporting agency,has been well accepted and 49 in practice to be an effective 50 of the total emergency response mechanism in these countries. 41．A．designed B．signalled C．signified D．designated 42．A．providing B．furnishing C．demanding D．requesting 43．A．motive B．objective C．initiative D．executive 44．A．finally B．conclusively C．eventually D．ultimately 45．A．regards B．regarding C．regard to D．regardless of 46．A．common B．mutual C．reciprocal D．threedigit 47．A．Similar B．Identical C．Versatile D．Optional 48．A．Since B．Because C．Although D．Even if 49．A．served B．proven C．regarded D．converted 50．A．element B．section C．component D．ingredient Part III Reading Comprehension Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each eqestion there are four answers marked A,B,C and D.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the qnestions. Then mark the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil(40 points) Passage 1 ?????It was the voyager who captured my imagination he who carried the tremendous rods, paddled from dawn to dark fighting waves and storms, existing on a diet of pea soup and a daily spoonful of fat. His muscle and brawn supplied the power for all the exploration and trade, but in spite of the harshness of his life the privation suffering, and constant threat of death by exposure,drowning, and Indian attack they developed a nonchalance and joy in the wilderness that has never been equaled in man's conquest and exploitation of a new land. These exuberant FrenchCanadian canoe men, with songs in the face of monotony and disaster, were the ones who stood out. ?????Their barely adequately contracts with the various fur companies proved that profit had little to do with their choice of work, that it must have been something else perhaps the lure of far places, the romance and adventure of a way of life they had never known before. Whatever the reason, they practically deserted the villages along the St. Lawrence for the“pays d'en haute”…But in spite of long absences from family and friends, grueling work on lakes and portages, they fought for the chance to go and were proud when chosen for the brigades. No worse fate could befall a young man than to be forced to remain at home. ?????What I learned in the land of the voyagers taught me what to look for everywhere, convinced me that history means the warmth of human associations, that while great events may find their place in books and museums, it is the people themselves who really count. No longer did a country provide only opportunities for fishing, hunting, and camping. When one followed the trails of the past, no matter who the legendary figures were voyagers, or goldseekers their feelings came through, and when they did, the land glowed with warmth and light. The author indicates that the voyagers _____ . A.were a select group B.were largely men who were single C.received considerable military training D.disliked military life The reader can most safely conclude that an outstanding quality of the voyagers was their _____ . A.imaginativeness B.courage C.sense of humour D.inventiveness In the passage the author indicates that history can be understood by _____ . A.reading the statements of voyagers B.becoming aware of the sentiments of a people C.reading about military men D.trusting the word of a people One of the author's purpose in writing this passage seems to be to _____ . A.defend the voyagers from unfair criticism B.be obviously critical of the voyager's motives C.point out the disadvantages of village life D.describe the lifestyle of the voyagers Passage 2 ?????As a growing number of Americans live to age 85 and beyond,will healthy Americans below age 65 support massive health care expenditures to keep alive the extremely ill or the very old?Or will there be some attempt to ration(定量分配)expensive lifesaving technologies?For instance,more than 30 percent of medicare's money goes to patients with less than a year to live.Overall,4 percent of Americans account for 55 percent of all hospital costs.The idea of rationing care is alien to most Americans.The British,however,have been living for a long time with a system that requires hard choices.For instance,up to the age of 45 or 50,the rate of kidney dialysis and transplant in Great Britain is nearly the same as in the United States.But only a small number of patients over age 55 are placed on dialysis.There is no official age cutoff;instead,British doctors typically do not refer elderly people who are ill with other diseases,such as diabetes or heart trouble,to dialysis centers. ?????Since funds for medical care are not infinite,will Americans be confronted in the near future with a similar kind of moral dilemma?If the United States were to attempt to pare(减少)medical expenses by rationing services,which of our central values would we have to modify?Consider the problem on three levels.First,there is the macro level.At this level we would confront the question:How much should we spend on our nation's health care?The next level of rationing would entail how we spend the money:Do we invest in preventative and primary care or do we continue to emphasize curative medicine?The final level of rationing would be the individual level.Consider this situation raised by William Schwartz,a physician and professor of medicine:If we know that keeping someone alive for another few months at a cost of 100000 will mean that this money is not available for the care of several people with hip or heart disease,should we use the limited resource for maintaining a life of poor quality for a few months and deny care to others? In the first paragraph,the author points out that _____ . A．a disproportional amount of money is used to save the extremely ill in America B．American society doesn't take a humanistic attitude towards the extremely ill C．The British are more humanistic toward the old and the extremely ill D．In Britain,old people don't enjoy free medical care In Britain,doctors _____ . A．rarely encourage the extremely ill to take further expensive treatment B．there is a special law concerning the treatment of the extremely ill C．the seriously ill usually reject any further expensive treatment D．kidney patients constitute the majority of the extremely ill In the first sentence of paragraph 2,the“moral dilemma”refers to whether _____ . A．to spend the limited resource on the old or on the young and healthy B．to modify the value on the macro level or on the individual level C．to spend money on the extremely ill or to use that money for the wellbeing of more people D．to refer the extremely ill to further treatment or to refuse to take them into hospital What might be the author's attitude towards rationing care? A．He is neutral about it. B．He objects to it. C．He is confused by it. D．He is arguing for it. Passage 3 ?????If your experience is that of most students,you will probably find that drawing the plan and thinking about your early home brought back events you have not thought of in years. Students in my classes remember exactly what it felt like to fall out of bed and break an arm,what the blue tile in the bathroom looked like smeared with lipstick,and the way the kitchen smelled after the furnace exploded.They find that their memories contain many more details than they had expected. ?????Most of the memories stimulated by this exercise take two forms:recounting events and supplying details.This combination of events and details comprises narrative,because making experience conscious requires the ability both to tell what happened,and happens,and to fill in details that make the events come alive.This excursion into memory also illustrates the close connection between narrating and learning because memory provides one way for us to know or bring to consciousness something about experience in this world. ?????Not every writing task you face will carry the same emotional freight as does the one based on your house plan, but the care in recounting and attending to detail evoked here provides a model for writing narrative. By learning to draw on the resources of your memory, you can increase the detail in your writing. One way to reach these resources is to make connections with concrete objects. Visualizing your childhood home probably helped you think of details that would have otherwise remained buried in your mind. Perhaps you have had the experience of being able to recall information during an exam by remembering where it was written on the page of your notes or by focusing on the place where you learned it. ?????Another way to draw on the resources of your memory is to recreate a memory chain that begins with some physical object and lead you to recall various experiences. The passage is mainly about _____ . A．the role of exercise in acquiring a good memory B．the use of memory in learning writing C．the role of memory in college learning D．the use of past experience in learning The word“recount”in the first sentence of paragraph 2 probably means _____ . A．remember B．relive C．think about D．tell Through recounting and applying details,a person _____ . A．gets his memory exercised B．edits his experience in an orderly manner C．learns to speak before the public D．gets to know that has happened When trying to recall your memory,the author recommends,you start from _____ . A．the very beginning of the experience B．the very end of the experience C．something physical and concrete D．your own imagination Passage 4 ?????Futurists have identified two changes that seem to be central to contemporary social life.First,the United States is being restructured from an industrial to an information society.Second,modern societies are increasingly shifting from a notional to a global economy.Futurists have applied a good many metaphors to these changes,including Daniel Bell's “postindustrial society,” Alvin Toffler's “the third wave” and John Naisbitt's “megetrends”. Common to these metaphors is the notion that American society is shifting from the production of goods to the production of services and from society based on the coordination of people and machines to a society organized around knowledge.These changes,it is contended,will afford a myriad of choices.The world will increasingly be one of many flavors,not just vanilla or chocolate. ?????Many observers of contemporary American life believe that we are witnessing a historical change and the first major impact of the shift from an energy economy to an information economy.For 300 years technology has been cast in a mechanical model,one based on the combustion processes that go on inside a star like the sun.The steam engine opened the mechanical age,and it reached its apex with the discovery of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion,which replicated the energyproducing processes of a star.We now seem to be moving toward a biological model based on information and involving the intensive use of materials. Although biological processes need physical energy and materials, they tend to substitute information for both. Biological processes“miniaturize”size,energy,and materials by “exploding” information.The human brain is some ten times the size and weight of the brain of a lemur,but it handles a billion times more information.As a result,hightech industries are informationintensive rather than energy or materialintensive. ?????Sociologists have played and will continue to play an important role in assessing and interpreting these developments and other aspects of change. It can be inferred that underlying the two changes is the change of _____ . A．the instrument of production B．the size of the society C．the social structure D．the economic market With what does the mechanical age reach its highest point? A．The steam engine. B．Nuclear power production. C．The combustion process. D．The energyproducing process of the sun. With the coming of the information age,the society is becoming _____ . A．more intolerable B．larger C．more varied D．a pleasanter place What characterizes the information society? A．The amount of knowledge to be learned. B．Physical energy and materials. C．Rapid change and its social effects. D．Small size and high capacity. Passage 5 ?????Three passions,simple but overwhelmingly strong,have governed my life:the longing for love,the search for knowledge,and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.These passions,like great winds,have blown me hither and thither,in a wayward course,over a deep ocean of anguish,reaching to the very verge(边缘)of despair. ?????I have sought love,first because it brings ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy.I have sought it,next,because it relieves loneliness that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim(边沿)of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss(深渊).I have sought it,finally,because in the union of love I have seen,in a mystic miniature,the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined.This is what I sought,and though it might seem too good for human life,this is what at last I have found. ?????With equal passion I have sought knowledge.I have wished to understand the hearts of men.I have wished to know why the stars shine.And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux.A little of this,but not much,I have achieved. ?????Love and knowledge,so far as they were possible,led upward toward the heavens.But always pity brought me back to earth.Echoes of cries of pain reverberate(回荡)in my heart.Children in famine,victims tortured by oppressors,helpless old people a hated burden to their sons,and the whole world of loneliness,poverty,and pain make a mockery of what human life should be.I long to alleviate the evil,but I cannot,and I too suffer. ?????This has been my life,I have found it worth living,and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me. The passage is mainly about _____ . A．the author's wish to live his life again B．the author's principles of life C．the author's love for life D．the author's search for love and knowledge The author has sought love because _____ . A．it brings great happiness B．it enables him to live a high spiritual life C．it drives away loneliness D．all of the above When he said“…pity brought me back to earth”(the second sentence in paragraph 4),the author really means that it _____ . A．made him lonely B．enabled him to think clearly C．gave him a feeling of despair D．made life unworthy to him Generally the author's feeling towards life is one of _____ . A．love B．hatred C．pity D．despair Part IV EnglishChinese Translation Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points) ?????A number of foreign words still look like foreign words;these are often expressions which were originally used by people who wanted to sound particularly welleducated.(71) It was the desire to be scholarly that brought about a wave of Latin terms which appeared in the 16th century when the Humanist movement brought new impetus to learning throughout Europe. Abbreviations such as e.g.(from the Latin meaning a voluntary example);PS(meaning“added after the letter has been written”);a．m.and p．m.(meaning“before noon”and“after noon”)came into the language at this time.(72) Nowadays they are so common that most people don't even know what the letters actually stand for,and there's certainly nothing learned about using them today! ?????In addition to the words brought to English by foreigners,there are plenty of words which the British have collected from the countries they have settled in all over the world.(73) There are even a few Chinese words,which I'm sure a Chinese speaker would never recognize from the way we pronounce them:“typhoon”is a great wind;“to kow tow”is to bow down low;a “sampan”is a small wooden boat. Over 5000 of the words in common use in English today are words of foreign origin.Some of them are clearly recognizable as foreign like“au pair” or“rendezvous”; others now look so English that only a language historian knows where they came from. ?????So English is in a state of permanent development.Both in Britain and abroad it is gaining new words and expressions,and dropping and changing old ones.Words change their meaning,and they go in and out of fashion like hairstyles.(74) Nobody knows all the four million words that are said to exist;a welleducated person probably uses under 200000. (75) So don't be surprised if you never encounter some of the expressions that still appear in school textbooks; and next time you hear somebody using a strange word you haven't heard before,you can comfort yourself that there may well be a native speaker somewhere who doesn't know it either. Part V Writing(15 points) Directions: A.Title:TOURISM IS TO DEVELOP RAPIDLY B.Time limit:40 minutes C.Word limit:no less than 150 words(not including the given opening sentence) D.Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence:China is in a unique position to develop its tourism. E.Your composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. OUTLINE: 1.The basic conditions 2.The advantages 3.My suggestions 研究生入学考试模拟英语试题[19]讲评： [词汇与结构] [完型填空] [阅读理解] [英译汉] [写作] Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A (B) no less than,“与……同样(重要)”。句意为：“放松休息，就像新鲜空气、纯净的水、清洁的食品一样，是健康的身心所不可缺少的。” (B) for引导句子对前面所做的推测做原因上的解释。请考生记住：无论从逻辑推理还是从语法规则上看，只要前面是表示推测的句子，后面大都用for连接后一句，而不用其他连词。 (A) for these children to develop to their full adult potential在句中作目的状语，these children是to develop的逻辑主语，这种主谓关系在目的状语中一般是不能用分词表示的。B中不定式被动式与句意相悖；for不是连词，故不能选D，否则语句不通。 (C) transform sth. into sth.是动词transform的固定用法，其名词形式transformation也是同样，故只能选into。 (C) 动名词being作students的逻辑谓语，相当于…studens…being unable to understand what they read。整个动名词短语作of的宾语，所以只能选C。 (B) not…any more than，“与……同样不……”。本句意为：“摄入的维生素超过了身体所需要的量并不能使身体更好地发挥作用，就像往油灯中倒入过多的油不能使其更亮一样。”no more than 与 not … any more than 同义，但句中前半部分已有 not，此处再填no是错的。请参见1993年考研试题(24)。 (C) let alone，“更不用说……”，在用法上相当于并列连词，因此要求填与前面一样的结构，此处是不定式。 (A) 句中too late相当于too late to catch the train，所以选其他词不合适。 (C) unless,“除非”，从主从句的逻辑关系上看，是唯一正确选择。句意：“假如发生了水灾或地震，且火车、汽车又无法通至灾区，除非用飞机空投，否则那里的人们就会饿死。” (B) which引导定语从句，修饰the courage of treatment。在第一个从句中which作主语；在第二个从句中which做inspire的宾语。 Section B (D)错 应改成：was。believe后跟两个 that从句， 第二句用was与第一句用 rotated同理。 (D)错 应改成：to pay the money back。不能用do so来代替to pay the money back，因为动词do所代替的动词必须是主动语态，它不能代替前面以被动语态出现的动词。此句不能说：…he refused to be paid back。 (C)错 应改成：furniture。one只能代替可数名词，而furniture是不可数名词。 (A)错 应用分词的完成式There having been…，因为有时间状语in the past sixty days，“在近60天里”。“in (over,during)the past(last)…＋时间”要求动词用完成式。 (A)错 应改成：was，因为真正的主语是不定式，所以主谓应一致。 (B)错 应改成：stopped。which定语从句实际上起虚拟条件作用，所以谓语应用虚拟形式，与主语的谓语would be吻合。 (D)错 应改成比较级形式：larger。ever与形容词比较级连用，意为：“越来越……”。 (D)错 应用被动语态：shouldn't be consumed，因为其主语是products而不是people：…are products that people…feel shouldn't be consumed in the first place。句意为：“专家们断言，几乎所有电视上宣传出售的产品都是关心孩子的人们认为不该消费的产品。” (B)错 应改成：in which，相当于in the position。全句意为：“母亲休息时搂抱孩子的姿势相当说明问题。” (B)错 应用倒装结构:Very rarely is a specialist…。含有否定意义的词rarely放在句首，句子主谓应部分倒装。 Section C (B) attach importance to，“重视”；take charge of，“负责做……”；take responsibility for,“对……负有责任”；give regards to,“向……问候”，但pay regard to是“重视”的意思。 (C) in good order,“(事情)井井有条”、“(东西)运转正常”；不说at place而说in place(在适当的位置)；up to date，“时新的”；to the full，“充分地”、“十足地”。 (D) adjust…to，“调整”；adapt…to，“使……适应……”；appeal to，“呼吁”、“要求”、“对……有吸引力”；apply…to，“应用”、“运用”。 (D) normal，“正常的”、“标准的”；common，“常见的”、“普通的”；average，“一般的”、“平均的”；regular，“正规的”。试比较：normal temperature，“正常体温”；normal working hours，“正常的工作时间”；normal phenomena，“正常现象”；above(below)normal，“标准之上(之下)”。common people(sense,saying,mistakes)“老百姓(常识、俗语、常见的错误)”。average man，“普通人”(指智力、能力、地位一般的人)。articles of average quality，“大路货”。average rainfall for July,“七月平均降雨量”。above(below)average，“一般水平以上(以下)”。regular students(work,war)，“正式学员(固定工作、正规战争)”。 (C) single purpose,“单一的目的”，指only one；singular：representing only one,“单数的”，singular还有“非凡的”、“卓越的”的意思，a woman of singular beauty，“绝美女子”；sincere，“真诚的”，习惯上不用来修饰purpose;significant，“重要的”，通常也不与purpose搭配使用。 (B) prescription，“处方”、“药方”；description，“描述”；inscription，“铭刻”、“碑文”；subscription，“订阅”。 (C) resume，“再继续”、“恢复”；assume，“假装”、“假定”、“呈现”；presume，“假定”、“认为”、“揣测”；consume，“消耗”、“消费”。 (A) compel，“迫使”、“驱使”；attract，“吸引”，我们说sth.attract one's curiosity,“……引起某人好奇”，不说curiosity attracts;arouse，“唤起”，在用法上与attract具有相同结构；stimulate，“刺激”、“激发”，用在句中无论从语法还是从语义上都不合适。 (C) at large，“整个的”、“全体的”，相当于as a whole;in general，“总的说来”，与in particular相对；at length,“详尽地”；after all，“毕竟”。 (D) wear out，“穿破”、“用旧”。wear off，“磨去”、“磨掉”，如：Don't polish those badges;the gilt will wear off in time if you do.“不要擦这些徽章，否则镀上去的金总有一天会磨掉的。”wear away，“磨平(光)”，如：Wind and rain wore away the inscriptions.“风雨磨掉了碑文。”Waterfall wears the rocks away.“瀑布磨光了岩石。”wear down，“磨薄”、“磨短”，wear down the high heels,“磨坏了高跟鞋”。wear down the point of the pencil，“把铅笔尖磨短”。 (A) the last thing to do不是“最后做的事”，而是“最不愿意做的事”。the last thing she wants，“她最不想要的东西”。其他几个选择虽然在语法上语义上都成立，但均不合此句的意思。 (A) anything but，“决不”、“根本不”；nothing but,“只不过”，He had nothing but a little piece of cheese for supper.“他晚饭只吃了一小片奶酪。”all but，“除了……外全部”、“几乎差一点”；none but，“只有(后接人)”。 (A) above此处的意思是too good(honest or pround)to do，表示品质、行为能力等“超出……之外”，如：He is above stealing.“他不会干偷东西的事。”a man above vulgar interests,“一个脱离了低级趣味的人”。We must not be above asking questions about things we don't understand.“不懂的事情不要怕提出来问。”习惯上其他几个介词不能用于这个意义。 (D) achieve one's purpose，“达到某人的目的”，还可以说:accomplish(attain)one's purpose;fulfil(realize,effect,carry out,execute) one's purpose，“实现目的”；promote the purpose，“促进……目的”，用在句中语义不合适。reach one's purpose，习惯上不这样表达。 (C) regardless of，“无论”、“不管”；in memory of,“为了纪念……”；in place of，“代替”；in honor of，“为纪念”、“为向……表示敬意”。句意：“外籍美国人，不管生活在什么文化环境中，都注意把孩子培养成美国人。” (B) traffic resumes，“恢复交通”，指停下后过一段时间，又接着进行，如：School resumes.“学校又开学了。”recover用于恢复健康；restore也可用于身体上的恢复，主要指“恢复”、“原样”、“回复”、“修复”，如：restore order，“恢复秩序”，restore consciousness，“恢复知觉”。不说return traffic。 (C) indispensible(for,to)，“必不可少”、“非常必要的”；concerned about，“关心”、“挂念”；indicative of，“表明”；beneficial to，“对……有益”。 (C) remedy:put right，“纠正”、“补救”，remedy the fault of pronunciation，“纠正发音错误”；compensate，“补偿(损失)”，接for；supplement,complement，“补充”。 (A) in the light of，“根据”、“按照”；for the sake of,“为了……起见”；in the name of，“以……的名义”；in the interest of，“为了……的利益”。 (C) initial:beginning，“最初的”；original:first,earliest，“最早的”、“最先的”；primary:leading in time order or development，“在时间、顺序或发展上领先的(第一的、基本的、主要的)”；primitive:of an early stage of social development，“原始的”。 Part Ⅱ Cloze Test 短文大意：911是全美应急中心的电话号码。建立这一公共服务设施旨在使美国居民和访美的客人不管在何时何地或是否熟悉所处环境，也不论遇到什么紧急情况，只要有电话机，便可拨通这个三位数的电话号码，立刻得到帮助。全国使用统一的电话号码，并非美国人的创新，一些欧洲国家早已采取类似作法，并为实践证明是成功之举。 段首句译文：“911是一个三位数电话号码，拨通这个电话号码，能使美国大众得到应急服务中心的帮助。” (D) designated 本句主语It指上文提到的电话号码，一个三位数字并不需要设计，故A. designed(设计)可排除。B. signaled意为：“发送信号”、“以信号发送消息”；C. signified意为：“表示”、“意味着”，故B、C都不合文意。D. designated有“选定”、“指派”、“委任”等意思，是正确选择。 选项用法举例：Smith was designated chairman.“史密斯被委任为主席。”He designated Smith as his successor.“他指定史密斯为他的继承人。”The school has been designated as the meeting place.“该学校被指定为集合地点。” (A) providing 得到关于紧急情况的报告是建立应急中心的目的之一，更重要的是提供帮助，解决困难，所以 A. providing 是正确选择。 C.demanding 和 D. requesting 都是“要求”的意思，不能反映中心的主要作用，故不正确。 B. furnishing 与providing同义，但通常指“配备”、“提供装备、设备”，在此不妥。 译文：“它是一个被指定用来报告在美国任何社区发生的紧急情况和提供帮助的号码。” 选项用法举例：to furnish blankets for the refugees,“为难民提供毯子”；to furnish an army with supplies／to furnish supplies to an army,“供给军队补给品”;to furnish a library with new books,“供给图书馆一批新书”;to furnish a room,“以家具布置房间”。 (B) objective 保护公民的生命财产是建立应急中心的目的，所以应选 B.objective (目的)，排除 A.motive (动机)。 C.initiative 意为：“创造力”、“首创精神”、“初步阶段”； D.executive 的意思是“行政部门”、“行政人员”，均不合文意。 译文：“这个公共服务设施的首要目的是保护公众的生命财产。” (C) eventually B.conclusively意为：“决 定 性 地”，与文意无关，首先排除。 A.finally， C.eventually， D.ultimately 都有“最终”、“终于”的意思，有时可通用，但 finally 主要指 lastly, in conclusion,“最后地”、“决定性地”，在此不妥。 ultimately 指“最后”、“极点”、“终于”，即达到最高界线，本文中nearly every citizen 描述的前景并非最佳，故排除D。 eventually 意为：“结果是(as a result),”，有“总会达到”的含义，为最佳选择。 选项用法举例：The lost pen was finally found.“遗失的钢笔终于找到了。”The argument has not finally settled yet.“争论尚未最后解决。”They talked about it for hours. Finally, they decided not to go.“他们讨论了好几个小时，最后决定不去。”He worked so hard that he eventually made himself sick.“他干得太辛苦了，以至终于病倒了。”He fell ill and eventually died.“他得了病，最后去世了。”He will eventually be back.“他最终总会回来的。”We considered all their plans, but ultimately we chose to follow our own.“我们考虑了他们的所有计划，但最后还是决定采用我们自己的。”Many gave their opinions, but ultimately the decision lay with the president.“许多人提了意见，但最后的决定在总统。” (D) regardless of 本题考词组。regard 名词和动词同形，但在本句中都不适用，故排除A.regards。B.regarding 是介词，意为：“关于”，此处与文意不符。 C.regard to 前面要加介词in或with组成词组，作“关于”、“就……而论”解，在这里不论从语法或文意角度看都不正确。 D.regardless of 是“不论”、“不管”的意思，是正确选择。 译文：“如果达到理想的境界，就意味着最终几乎所有美国公民和访问美国的客人，无论在何时何地或是否熟悉所处的环境，也不管遇到什么紧急情况，只要有电话，便都可以拨通这个简单的三位数，得到帮助。” (A) common B.mutual (相互的)和 C.reciprocal (相互的、互惠的、相对的)均不合文意，应排除。本文讲的是全国共用一个电话号码，而电话号码是几位数并不重要，无需讨论，故 D.threedigit (三位数的)也可排除。 A.common 意为：“公用的”、“共同的”，符合文意。 译文：“全国共用一个应急电话号码并非新创意。” (A) Similar 单看本句不易判断，看完全文就不难明白：欧洲国家采用的形式同美国不尽相同，所以 B.Identical (一模一样的)可首先排除。 C.Versatile (多才多艺的、有多种用途的)和 D.Optional (可选择的、非强制的)也不合文意，应排除。 A.Similar(类似的)符合上下文逻辑，是正确选择。 译文：“在一些欧洲国家里，类似的服务体系已在全国范围存在许多年了。” (C) Although 只要看出本句主从句之间的逻辑关系，便可选对表示转折的连词 C.Althongh。 (B) proven 本题可首先从结构角度考虑。四个选项中只有 B.proven (证明为)后面可直接跟不定式动词。 A.served 当“作为”讲时是不及物动词，没有被动形式，且后面要加as； B.regarded (认为、看作)和 D.converted (使……转变)后面都要有介词，故只有B是正确答案。 选项用法举例：The sofa has served as a bed for many years.“这张沙发已当作床用了好些年了。”The house has been converted into four separate flats.“这座房子已被改建成了四套房间。” (C) component A.element 指“成分”、“元素”、“基本组成部分”； B.section 指“局部”或“(具体事物的)部分”； D.ingredient 主要指“组成混合物的成分”，都不能同 mechanism 搭配。 C.component 多用来指“组成部分”、“构件”，符合本句 mechanism 的要求。 译文：“尽管具体选择哪个机构作应急中心，各国作法不同，但在这些国家中，使用一个统一的电话号码，由一个报告中心负责答复的构想已得到了广泛的认可，并在实践中证明是整个应急机制中一个有效的组成部分。” 选项用法举例：Both hydrogen and oxygen are elements, but water is not.“氢和氧都是元素，但水不是。”the Latin element in English,“英语中的拉丁成分”;A good story has an element of suspense.“好故事常有悬念。”Section 3 of Chapter 5，“第五章的第三节”；various sections of society，“社会各阶层”；the component of a car，“汽车构件”；the European component within the Atlantic Alliance，“大西洋联盟中的欧洲部分”；the ingredients of the cake，“蛋糕所含的各种成分”；the ingredients of one's character“形成一个人性格的各种因素” Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (A) 意为：“是被(严格)挑选出的一组人”。第二段第三句指出，虽然长期远离家人和朋友，不得不承受湖上、陆上累人的(grueling)工作，他们还是千方百计地争取机会(fought for the chance)，一旦被选中，就感到无比的自豪。 (B) 意为：“勇敢”。第一段第二句指出，他的肌肉和臂力(brawn)为他所有的探险与交易提供了能量，但是，生活的艰苦--远离故乡和亲人(privation suffering)、芒郊野外频繁的死亡威胁、被淹死的可能性、印第安人的袭击，使他们养成了一种若无其事的态度(nonchalance)和荒野生活的情趣，这是人类在征服和开发处女地时所未表现出的。其他处也有许多赞颂他们勇气的描述。 (B) 意为：“了解一个民族的感情”。最后一段指出，我在航海者的家乡的所见所闻使我学会了到其他地方如何寻找有价值的东西(What I learned in the land of the voyagers taught me what to look for everywhere,…)，使我相信历史意味着人类社会的温暖，虽然只有伟大的事件才能进入历史文献和博物馆，但人民才是真正的英雄。荒野不再只是渔猎、野营的场所，当一个人经历过去的考验时，无论故事的人物是什么人--航海者、淘金者--留下来的是他们的感受。每当如此，大地闪烁着温暖和光彩(and when they did, the land glowed with warmth and light)。 (D) 意为：“描述航海者的生活方式”。参阅第51、52、53题题解。 (A) 文章第一段指出，随着人的寿命的延长，危重病人和60岁以上老人的医疗开支占去了相当大的一部分(massive意为：“巨大的”)。例如：30%的医疗费要用于拯救活不了一年的危重患者；4%的人所用医疗费占所有医疗费的55%。通过这些数字，作者暗示：在美国，相当大一部分医疗开支实际上花在了少数人身上；有些钱花得缺乏效益，如果同一笔钱花在该花的地方而不是用于拯救垂死的人的话，其效益也许更好，钱花得也许更值。参考文章最后一句。B意为：“美国社会对危重病人缺乏人道主义态度”；C意为：“英国人对老年人和危重患者更人道”，请参考对第(56)题的解释；D意为：“在英国，老人不享受免费医疗”。 (A) A意为：“很少鼓励危重病人接受昂贵的治疗”。第一段第五句指出，定量分配医疗费(以便将有限的医疗费用合理分配，不致过分集中或不合比例)的作法对美国人来说很生疏(alien)。但是，在英国，人们却有时要做出艰难的选择，例如：只有少部分55岁以上的肾病患者接受透析治疗(因为这种治疗费很高)。虽然没有官方规定的年龄(official age cutoff)，但是，英国医生一般(typically)不介绍(不主张)上了年纪的糖尿病和心脏病患者去透析中 心 接 受 治 疗(refer…to意为：“介绍……去”)。B意为：“在治疗危重病 人方面有特殊的法律(规定)”；C意为：“危重病人通常拒绝进一步的昂贵治疗”；D意为：“危重病人大都为肾病患者”。 (C) 在第一段，作者对比了英美在医疗开支方面的不同作法。第二段第一句接着指出，既然医疗基金额是有限的，美国人是否在不久的将来也会面临着类似的道德难题呢?这里当然指的是美国是否也会像英国人一样面临二难选择：是否要花大钱去治无法治好的病呢?紧接着在第二句作者做了一个假设：如果美国要通过定量分配医疗开支(仿效英国人的作法)来节省医疗费用(合理分配它)，美国人的哪些重大价值观(如：人道主义价值观或救死扶伤)要做调整呢?第二段的其余部分用三个反问谈了三个水平上人们的认识。 (D) 由以上我们对第(55)、(56)、(57)题的解释可以看出，作者对定量分配医疗费用的作法持肯定态度。请考生注意，本文用了许多反问和设问句，表明了作者对美国现行医疗开支方法的不赞同和对英国人的作法的推崇。另请考生重点读一下文章最后一句。A意为：“他对此持中性态度”，即：不拥护也不反对；B意为：“他反对这样做”；C意为：“他对这种作法不理解。”注意：原文中的问句皆为设问或反问，作者是为了将自己的观点更明确地陈述出来。 (B) 第一段指出，一旦被唤起，你会发现自己的记忆是相当生动丰富的。第二段指明唤起记忆的两种形式：叙事并提供细节。具有丰富细节的事件构成叙事故事的主要内容。第三段第一句指出，并非所有的写作都具有同样的情感内容(emotional freight)，但是，记忆起的事件加上丰富的细节却可以用于写作叙事故事。利用丰富的记忆资料，写作中就可以增加细节的描述。文章最后一段谈了另一种唤起并利用记忆的方法。由以上分析可见，采用诸多方式唤起记忆，其目的在于使写作的内容更生动更丰富。因此，本文主要谈的是叙事故事的写作。 (D) recount意为：“讲述”、“叙述”。再请参考第三段第一句。 (B) B意为：“整理自己的经历”。第二段指出，唤起记忆可以帮助将我们的经历纳入意识中来，这需要我们能叙述出发生了什么、具体如何发生的(fill in details)。文章第三段指出，将儿时住过的屋子形象地呈现在你的脑海里(visualizing your childhood home)也许可以帮助你想起一些经历的细节，否则，这些细节可能会永埋在记忆里(第三段第四句)。 可见，通过叙述并利用记忆中的事件的细节，实际上达到了整理经历的目的。A意为：“使自己的记忆力得到了训练”。 (C) 第三段第三句指出，一种可以获得记忆资料的方法是将其与具体物品相联系。第四段指出，另一种利用(draw on)记忆资料的方法是造记忆链(memory chain)，即：由物体与记忆的联系达到唤起对各种经历记忆之目的。 (A) 第一段指出，美国社会正在发生两方面的变化：其一，它正在由一个工业社会向信息社会转变；其二，区域经济模式正在向全球化经济模式转变。未来学家们用了许多词来描述这种转变：“后工业社会”、“第三次浪潮”、“大趋势”等。这些描述无非是想说明：美国社会正在由产品的生产向第三产业的生产转化，由基于人与机器协作的社会向以知识产业为中心的社会发展。可见，在这两大转变的底层(underlying the two changes) 是生产方式的转变。 (B) 第二段第一、二、三句告诉我们，美国社会正在由能源经济模式向信息经济模式转化。300年来，技术一直围绕着一个机械方面的模式发展，这一机械时代开始于蒸汽机的发明，至核聚裂变的发现达到其顶峰(apex)。 (C) 文章第一段最后两句指出，这些变化将带来一系列选择机会，这个世界将逐渐变成一个多“风味”的世界(one of many flavors)，而不仅仅是香草或巧克力味。这当然是一个比喻，作者的意思是：这些变化为个人和社会提供了新的生活或制度模式和发展机会。 (D) D意为：“小体积大容量”。第二段后半段(自第四句起)指出，社会似乎正在向生物学模式转变，这一模式的基础是信息，涉及到材料的集中利用。生物过程虽然也需要实际的能源与材料，但它倾向于用信息来代替二者。生物过程利用“爆炸”信息的方法缩小体积、能源及材料。(注：信息爆炸和材料革命是工业化后社会的两个典型特征。)例如：人的大脑体积及重量约是狐猴的10倍，但它所能处理的信息却是后者的10亿倍，所以，高技术工业的典型特征是信息的高度利用，而不是能源与材料的高度利用。B意为：“实际的(有形的)能源及材料”。 (C) 文章第一段指出，三种激情--朴素而炽热--左右着作者的一生：对爱的追求，对知识的探索和对人的痛苦的深深的同情。这三种激情势如狂飙，将他任意地(in a wayward course) 吹来吹去，吹过痛苦的深渊，吹到绝望的边缘。第二、三、四段分述了他对生活的这三种追求。最后，他总结了自己的叙述：这就是我的生活，我发现它值得一过，并且，如果再让我生活一次的话，我还会选择这样度过。这表明了他对生活的爱和无悔的心情。B意为：“作者的生活准则”。 (D) 作者追求爱，因为爱给他带来喜悦(ecstasy)，而且，对爱的追求能帮助减轻孤独的痛苦(relieves loneliness)，最后，在爱的和谐中(in the union of love)，诗人和圣人们所预言的天堂景象以神秘的小型画卷呈现于他的眼前。B意为：“它给他以很高的精神生活。” (C) 在第四段第一、二句中，作者用了两个比喻(注意：本文中用了大量比喻和夸张等修辞手段)。他指出，对爱和知识的追求将他带入天堂，但是，怜悯又将他带回到地面上来。从第二、三段的描述来看，“将他带入天堂”意为：“给他带来喜悦和美好的精神生活”。从第一段和第四段下文来看，“带回到地面上来”意指：使他面对生活的现实--饥饿的儿童、受压迫者的悲惨生活，等等，他想铲除邪恶，但又无能为力，并因此而生活在痛苦中。 (A) 从对以上三个题的分析可以看出，作者在深刻地体会到生活的痛苦的同时，对生活充满着爱的激情。 Part IV EnglishChinese Translation 短文大意：英文中的许多外来字今天看上去仍然像外来字。在16世纪，人们为了显示自己博学多才而出现了一股使用拉丁字词的潮流。这些字词在这个时期进入了英语。今天这些字词用得太普遍，人们已不大了解这些字词代表什么，所以今天用这些字词的时候当然也就不能表示知识渊博了。 这是一个简单复合句,句架是：It was the desire…that brought about…of Latin terms which…, when…。句中关系代词 that 引导定语从句，修饰 desire ；关系代词 which 引导定语从句，修饰 Latin terms；关系副词 when 引导定语从句，修饰 century。句中 scholarly 作“博学多才”讲；Humanist movement 作“人文主义运动”讲；impetus 作“动力”、“促进”讲。本句应译成：“在16世纪的时候，人文主义运动促进了欧洲各国的学术运动，人们都想显示自己博学多才，从而出现了一股使用拉丁字词的潮流。” 这是一个并列复合句，两个句子由and 连接。第一个句子中that引导结果状语从句，说明common; what 引导名词从句，作know的宾语。句中stand for是“代表”的意思。本句应译成：“今天，这些字词用得太普遍了，大多数人甚至不大了解这些缩略字母实际代表什么，所以今天使用这些字当然也就不能表示知识渊博了。” 这是一个简单复合句，句架是：There are…words, which…from the way we pronounce them:…。关系代词which引导定语从句，修饰 words；we pronounce them是省略关系代词 in which的定语从句，修饰 way 。冒号后面的句子都是实例。本句应译成：“英文中甚至还有些中国字，我确信中国人绝不会从我们的发音听出这些原来是中国字。”typhoon(台风)来自“大风”；to kow tow意思是“叩头”；sampan(舢板)是一只小木船。 这是一个并列复合句，两个句子由分号连接。句架是： Nobody knows…words that…; a…person…uses under 200000。在第一个句子中，关系代词that引导定语从句修饰words。本句应译成：“据说英文有400万词汇，没有人能认识所有的词。一个受过良好教育的人的词汇量超不过20万。” 这是一个并列复合句，两个句子由分号连接。句架是：…don't be surprised if you… encounter…expressions that…； next time (when) you hear…word (which) you haven't heard…,you can comfort yourself that there may be a native speaker…who…。在第一个句子中，if 引导状语从句；关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰 expressions。在第二个句子中,you hear…是省略了关系副词when的 定 语 从 句，修饰 next time;you haven't heard 又是省略了关系代词which的定语从句，修饰strange word；主句是 you can comfort yourself that…,这里的 that＝by saying that…,而关系代词who 引导定语从句，修饰native speaker。本句应译成：“因此，如果在某些教科书里你碰到某些词组是你从未见过的，你不必惊讶。如果下次你听到有人用一个你以前从未听到过的新词，你可以这样安慰自己说，可能在什么地方有一个讲英语的本地人也不认识这个字呢!” Part V Writing (15 points) 参考范文 ????China is in a unique position to develop its tourism. With a long and rich history, China probably has the greatest number of places of historical interest. Moreover,as one of the biggest countries in the world it also has so many beautiful scenic spots. There are not so many countries that can compete with the places such as the Great Wall, Guilin mountains and rivers and so on. Besides, a great number of highstandard hotels have been set up in recent years in many big cities of China, providing better facilities and services. With these exceptional conditions tourism in China can and should be developed as one of tourist centers in the world. ????The chief reason why our tourism development should be accelerated is that a better developed tourism will help promote our country's modernization with its large income. Take tourism in Beijing for example, in 1995, the city's tourism income reached 6.48 billion dollars, accounting for more than 40 percent of total revenue of Beijing's tertiary service industry. What a major role it plays in the economy! Meanwhile, with more foreign guests coming to China and more Chinese people going abroad, tourism serves as an important bridge for friendly ties between Chinese people and people from all over the world. ????Nevertheless, our tourist services are not as developed as what they should have been. In keeping with international practice,our tourism should be improved in the following ways. First, the quality of service should be improved. The guides should be not only competent in speaking a foreign language but also knowledgeable enough to provide ready information on whatever is being visited. Secondly, the standard of food should be readjusted so as to meet various tastes of guests. Next, travel fees should be properly regulated in order to attract more tourists. In short, I believe if the above are perfectly done, tourism in China will see an immediate rise.