模拟试题[13]  Simulated Test [PREVIOUS] [NEXT] Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points) Many foreign students come to study in the U.S.,some _____ by Fulbright scholarships, others by the U.S. government's Agency for International Development,by the Ford Foundation,and so on. A．to be supported B．being supported C．are supported D．having been supported Advertising can be a service to the customer.This is true when advertisements give liable information about the goods _____ . A．advertised B．being advertised C．to be advertised D．having been advertised There was clearly nothing left to do but sit down on the shabby little couch and weep. _____ . A．Did so Della B．So did Della C．Della so did D．So Della did He said it was impossible for _____ a mistake in a computer's calculation,so you can rely on that. A．there being B．there would be C．there to be D．there was Of course they could not look at the elephant with their eyes,but they thought they might learn what kind of animal it was by touching and feeling. _____ ,you see,they trusted their own sense of touch very much. A．Moreover B．For C．Nevertheless D．Because A man of less courage _____ to stand up to such a complicated situation. A．would not have dared B．could not have dared C．will not dare D．did not dare _____ otherwise directed by a doctor,this medicine should be taken three times a day. A．Even if B．Unless C．Except that D．As More importance needs to be given to sports,and a careful choice of _____ forms are most suitable should be made;this calls for close cooperation between physical education instructor and the school physician. A．whose B．which C．whether D．why Disease can be _____ ,if not more so,to the wellbeing and progress of a nation than wars or economic depressions. A．as harmful as B．harmful C．as harmful D．harmful as Windstorms have recently established a record which meteorologists hope will not be equaled for many years _____ . A．that will come B．that are coming C．to come D．comin Section B Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5 points) Like most people,I was brought up to look upon (A) life as a process of getting.It was not until (B) in my late thirties did I make (C) this important discovery:givingaway makes life so much more (D) exciting. Planes are the fastest (A) way to transport (B) food.They are especially useful in carrying food to people and animals that can not (C) be reached (D) otherwise. He got up,walked across the room,and with (A) a (B) sharp quick movement flung (C) the door widely (D) open. At (A) a minimum,the negotiators are hoping to achieve (B) an agreement in principle (C) ，with details worked out (D) later. In notetaking, (A) a strick discipline has to be kept (B) and all inessential details ignored (C) and unnecessary words eliminated (D) . No one who has seen (A) him work (B) in the lab can deny that Smith has an interest (C) and aptitude for (D) chemical experimentation. Someone in the office had made (A) a mistake,and the company regretted (B) to have caused (C) the customer inconvenience (D) . Anyone with necessary equipment (A) can manufacture his (B) own outdoor furniture; however (C) ,a certain degree of patience and skill is (D) also required. How I wish John knew (A) how to apply (B) grammatical rules properly and recognize (C) the fact that he is nearly always in the wrong (D) . It is true that the average man (A) often uses in his own vocabulary that (B) was once technical language not meant (C) for him (D) . Section C Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Nobody _____ when I complained about the food, so nothing was done about it. A．turned to me B．relied on me C．backed me up D．held me up He wanted to ask her to marry him but he was too shy to do it at once. He _____ by saying he often felt lonely. A．led up to it B．took it up C．made it up D．gave it away The lifeboat _____ in case it is necessary to take off the crew of the damaged ship. A．has been put aside B．has been put away C．has been set aside D．is standing by The doctor thinks he'll _____ now. His temperature has gone down. A．pull through B．put right C．set right D．get over The use of money is not limited to high civilizations; actually many primitive peoples have _____ moneys of their own. A．discoverd B．devised C．diverted D．diversified He has brought forward conclusive evidence, which _____ for further dispute. A．makes room B．leves no room C．spares no efforts D．takes no pains Millions of farmers, drawn by the _____ of employment, came into the city which made the problems of transportaion and housing evenmore serious. A．prosperity B．prospect C．expectaiton D．anticipation There are several possible explanations for the greater job stability in Japan _____ the great job mobility in the United States. A．contrary to B．in regard to C．in contrast to D．with respect to Although, some students graduate from high school, they are virtually illiterate _____ writing a business letter. A．in the event of B．in the light of C．in case of D．in terms of Throughout the United States, insurance laws follow a general pattern although _____ are different from state to state. A．provisions B．contracts C．treaties D．regulations Because there is evidence of severely harmful effects from chemical dumps, the government has _____ tougher cleanup measures. A．imposed B．impulsed C．implemented D．incorporated A scientist does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. Instead, he always checks, studies and makes experiments carefully and objectively to _____ them. A．testifly B．verify C．affirm D．assert It is due to the invention of the computer that man has been able to work so many wonders in the past few years. A case _____ is the successful launching of space shutle. A．in point B．in question C．in a way D．in brief Sometimes the tension produced by fears is so great that we cannot suppress it. At such times we need to _____ the tension by laughing or crying. A．discard B．disperse C．disguise D．discharge There are two great belts or _____ where ninety percent of all earthquakes take place; they may, however, happen anywhere at any time. A．regions B．areas C．zones D．districts One of the main goals of the modern wonmen's liberation movement, which started in the early 1960s, was to _____ sex discrimination in the workforce, and to open up careers for women that were previously reserved for men. A．abolish B．eliminate C．diminish D．extinguish Nowadays, skilled workers such as carpenters, electricians and TV repairmen often have higher income than college graduates. The old distinction that whitecollar workers make a better living than bluecollar workers no longer _____ true. A．hold B．stay C．come D．become The differences, in terms of lifetime experiences, between the average student who goes to college and the average student who does not, are so _____ to the collegegoing sutdnet that any student who can reach college owes it to himself to do so. A．preferrable B．favourable C．convenient D．compulsory An auction is usually advertized beforehand with full particulars of articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by _____ buyers. A．perspective B．prospective C．prosperous D．profitable Recently, great advances have been made in the study of Venus' surface by the use of radar waves to _____ the dense cloud layer. A．persecute B．pierce C．penetrate D．plunge Part Ⅱ Cloze Test Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) ????Cartography is the art and science of map making.Maps are an important 41 for the presentation of angles, distances, areas and directions. They are used for a large 42 of purposes. A very important requirement, 43 accuracy,is that the map should be clearly legible. Modern methods of cartographic design and reproduction enable modern maps to be given a high 44 of clarity and 45 .The first consideration in the compilation of any map is the 46 for which it is to be used.A suitable map projection is required, 47 whether the map will have to show only a small part of the earth's surface, a relatively large area 48 a country or even a continent, or the whole surface of the earth.It will partially depend also on weather the map must satisfy geographical, 49 or traffic engineering requirements.Many different 50 and variants of these have been developed. 41． A．method B．practice C．medium D．apparatus 42． A．amount B．difference C．diversity D．variety 43． A．besides B．despite C．except D．except for 44． A．extent B．degree C．level D．standard 45． A．imitation B．illustration C．precision D．distinction 46． A．users B．consumers C．purpose D．utilization 47． A．depending on B．consisting in C．resulting in D．consulting with 48． A．equal to B．larger than C．such as D．which is 49． A．analytical B．navigational C．ornamental D．technological 50． A．duplications B．specifications C．transmissions D．projections Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points) Passage 1 ????Why people work? Undoubtedly you have periodically asked yourself the same question, perhaps focused on why you have to work.“Selfinterest”in its broadest sense,including the interests of family and friends,is a basic motivation for work in all societies.But selfinterest can involve more than providing for subsistence or accumulating wealth.For instance,among the Maori,a Polynesian people of the South Pacific,a desire for approval,a sense of duty,a wish to conform to custom and tradition, a feeling of emulation(竞争),and a pleasure in craftsmanship are additional reasons for working.Even within the United States,we cannot understand work as simply a response to economic necessity.Studies show that the vast majority of Americans would continue to work even if they inherited enough money to live comfortably. ????When people work,they gain a contributing place in society. The fact that what they receive pay for their work indicates that what they do is needed by other people and that what they are a necessary part of the social fabric.Work is also a major social mechanism for placing people in the larger social structure and for providing them with identities.In the United States,it is a blunt and ruthlessly public fact that to do nothing is to be nothing and to do little is to be little.Work is commonly seen as the measure of an individual. ????Sociologist Melvin L. Kohn and his associates have shown some of the ways work affects our lives.Generally,people who engage in selfdirected work come to value selfdirection more highly,to be more open to new ideas and to be less authoritarian in their relationships with others.Moreover,they develop selfconceptions consistent with these values,and as parents they pass these characteristics on to their children. Our work,then,is an important socializing experience that influences who and what we are. Traditionally,work for“selfinterest” would be interpreted to mean work for _____ . A.selfish reasons B.a feeling of satisfaction C.earning a living D.a contributing place in society In the second paragraph,the author points out that work and a corresponding salary mean that _____ . A.the worth of the worker is recognized by the society B.the worker is better than any other person C.the worker is able to support himself or herself D.the worker is leading a very successful life As a conclusion,the author points out that work enables a worker to _____ . A.get real satisfaction B.life a happy life C.know the society better D.shape and find himself The best title for the passage might be _____ . A.The Society and the Individual B.The Significance of Work C.The Society and Work D.The Definition of Work Passage 2 ????Perhaps most puzzling than purring is the cat's ability to survive falls. A research shed light on this ability in 1987. The cat's habit of falling out of open windows provided the researchers with an opportunity to study 115 cats that had fallen from highrise apartments in New York City.The average fall was 5.5 stories.Of the 115 cats studied,90 percent survived, including one cat that fell 32 stories onto a sidewalk and suffered only mild chest injury and a chipped tooth.Interestingly,cats that fell from 9 or more stories suffered fewer injuries than those falling from lower heights.Among cats that fell from 9 to 32 stories, only 5 percent suffered fatal injuries,but 10 percent of those that fell from 7 or fewer stories died. ????How do cats manage to take falling so easily?For one thing, in comparison to human beings,a cat is much smaller and lighter. Also,a cat has more body surface area in proportion to its weight than a human being has.This increase in surface area results in greater air resistance,which slows the fall.The important thing,however, is that a falling cat apparently positions itself to form a sort of parachute(降落伞).Less than one second after it starts to fall, a cat quickly rights itself in midair with all four legs pointing downward. The cat's inner ears act like an internal gyroscope, telling the cat which direction it is falling.With the legs pointed downward,the cat then spreads its legs so that its body forms a sort of parachute that increases air resistance. With its limbs flexed, the cat also cushions the force of impact by landing on all four legs. The force of the impact is distributed through the muscles and joints. ????The researchers believe that the parachute effect comes into play mainly above four stories,at the point where the cat has reached its greatest rate of descent.Of the 115 cats the researchers studied,only 1 of 13 cats that fell nine or more stories sustained a bone fracture, whereas most to the cats that fell from lower stories suffered some type of broken bone. In the research it was found that the cats tend to suffer injuries or death when they fell from _____ . A.the highest story of the building B.the lowest story of the building C.the middle stories of the building D.the fourth to seventh stories of it The key to the cat's survival of high falls lies in _____ . A.its body size B.the size of its body surface C.its body weight D.its posture in the falling Cats that fall from high places _____ . A.take some time to adjust itself in midair B.always spread itself as fully as possible C.look like the shapes of parachutes D.points their ears to the falling direction The parachute effect starts _____ . A.in the middle of the cat's fall B.when its fall reaches the highest speed C.at the beginning of the cat's fall D.towards the end of the cat's fall Passage 3 ????For the most part,schools are designed to produce people who fit into society,not people who set out to change it .However,schools,particularly universities,may not only transmit culture;they may add to the cultural heritage.Contemporary American society places a good deal of emphasis on the development of new knowledge,especially in the physical and biological sciences,medicine,and engineering.In recent decades,the nation's leading universities have increasingly become research centres. ????An emphasis on research has led universities to judge professors not primarily in terms of their competence as teachers, but as researchers.Promotions,salary increases,and other benefits have long been dependent on research and publication. However,the top priority is no longer publishing. To be successful these days,professors have to bring in funds from research grants provided by government and private industry.Critics contend that academic success is most likely to come to those who have learned to “neglect”their teaching duties to pursue research activities. Defenders say that even when students are not themselves involved in research projects they benefit from the intellectual stimulation that a research orientation brings to university life. ????Major research universities like the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have also established a range of partnerships with industrial concerns to develop technology and products with commercial potential.With universityindustry ties continuing to grow,debate has flared about the consequences for basic science, academic openness,the control of information, the direction of research,and the influence on students. Now,American universities consider _____ . A.it urgent to change the U．S. culture B.natural sciences more important than culture C.research and publication more important than teaching D.research more important than publications In contemporary standard,a successful teacher is one _____ . A.who teaches well B.who can obtain financial support for research C.who gets the highest salary D.who has many publication Supporters of the present emphasis on research argue that _____ . A.it involves more students in it B.it does good to students anyway C.it has a direct good effect on teaching D.it earns a lot of money for a university The author seems _____ the shift of emphasis to research. A.to be very dissatisfied with B.to be sorry to see C.to be in favor of D.to be neutral about Passage 4 ????“During the whole of a dull, dark and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country, and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher.”Thus Edgar Allan Poe opened his story of “The Fall of the House of Usher” in 1839. In this beautifully crafted sentence he captured so much that is essential to the horror story: darkness, ominous solitude, foreboding calm, apprehension and uncertainty, and a deep feeling of melancholy that could soon turn to fear. ????Many kinds of fiction are selfexplanatory: mysteries, Westerns, love stories, spy thrillers, and science fiction define themselves by the terms used to name them. The horror story is less easily defined, perhaps because other types of fiction so often use the trappings of terror to enhance their plots. Charles Dickens used the vehicle of an oldfashioned ghost story to tell “A Christmas Carol”, but that book is not a horror story. Nor does a Grimm brothers fairy tale such as “Hansel and Gretel,”with its childdevouring witch, belong to the genre. ????The nature of the horror story is best indicated by the title of the 1980s television series Tales from the Darkside. Hunan beings have always acknowledged that there is evil in the world and a dark side to human nature that cannot be explained except perhaps in religious terms. This evil may be imagined as having an almost unlimited power to inspire anxiety, fear, dread, and terror in addition to doing actual physical and mental harm. ????In the tale of horror quite ordinary people are confronted by something unknown and fearful, which can be neither understood nor explained in reasonable terms. It is the emphasis on the unreasonable that lies at the heart of horror stories. ????This kind of literature arose in the 18th century at the start of a movement called Romanticism. The movement was a reaction against a rational, orderly world in which humanity was basically good and everything could be explained scientifically. The literary type that inspired the horror story is Gothic ficiton, tales of evil, often set in sinister medieval surroundings. This original kind of horror fiction has persisted to the present. In his novel, Edgar Allen Poe _____ . A．integrated the description of beauty into his horror story B．used a lot of typical descriptions of horror stories C．was universally considered as the father of horror story D．combined a touch of sadness in his description of horror By saying that“many kinds of fiction are selfexplanatory”(the first sentence of paragraph 2),the author means _____ . A．they are easy to understand B．they are meant for ordinary readers C．they often use horror to develop their plots D．their categories show what they are about What is considered to be the most important ingredient that makes a horror story? A．Irrationality. B．Melancholy. C．Uncertainty. D．Suspension. It is obvious that the assumption behind horror stories is that _____ . A．human beings are basically good B．mankind is evil in nature C．mankind can be taught to be good D．both A and C Passage 5 ????One of the most vivid of the mythical episodes added to the history of the Celtic captain,Arthur,is that deed by which he was disclosed to be the predestined king.His father,Uther Pendragon,had died, and the powerful lords of the kingdom were all grasping for the crown.By Merlin's advice and counsel it was finally decided that the supernatural powers should be left to determine the troubled issue.Before the greatest church in London a stone had appeared in which a sword was buried and letters of gold were to be seen on the stone around the sword to the effect that the one who could draw the blade should be recognized as king.Many tried in vain.Then,at last,this unknown youth,Arthur,who had been reared secretly under that guardianship of Merlin,rode up to the church and ,ignorant of the magic of his deed,pulled out the sword. ????This striking symbol of the hero's election and sacred power is derived from the prehistoric period at the close of the Age of Stone.Swords were not made until after the discovery of bronze and iron: before that time there were only spears and arrows and axes.And so, who is the one who frees the metal from the stone?The culturehero:the magic smith,who released the worlds from the Stone Age and taught mankind the art of smelting bronze and iron from the ore.The hero who can draw the iron sword from the stone is not necessarily a great warrior,but always a powerful magician,a lord over spiritual and material things:a seer comparable,in terms of the Iron Age,to modern inventor,chemist or engineer,who creates new weapons for his people. And just as today we live in awe and some fear of the man of science so it is only natural that the folk of that faraway other day should have thought of the one who freed for them metal from stone as the chosen master of the secrets of existence. In the third sentence of paragraph 3, the“troubled issue” refers to _____ . A.the death of the old king B.Merlin's advice C.the succession to the crown D.the quarrel among the powerful lords Before becoming the King, Arthur _____ . A.was the first successor to the crown B.was raised somewhere other than the court C.was disclosed to be the predestined king D.a Celtic captain with magic power The second paragraph makes it clear that _____ . A.the Arthur story reflects a historical transition in human civilization B.Arthur story is legendary and has no reallife basis C.Arthur story is greatly exaggerated and unbelievable D.Arthur story reflects people's good expectations of their leaders According to the author,in terms of the respect he inspired,Arthur is comparable to _____ . A.a modern hero B.a tribe leader C.a modern scientist D.a blacksmith Part Ⅳ EnglishChinese Translation ????Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points) ????One of the earliest and fastestgrowing applications of space technology is the communications satellite,which relays wideband radio and television signals between widely separated geographical points.(71) Prior to the advent of this technology,elaborate and costly chains of microwave towers were the sole practical means for passing the lineofsight radio and TV signals over the curvature of the earth. In this process, signal quality is degraded at each relay point, channel capacity is severely limited and acute scheduling problems are encountered because it is not feasible to relay more than one program at a time to distant points. Moreover,there is no way to bridge oceans with wideband signals by means of microwave relay.(72) Distant points like Alaska and Hawaii could not share the television service enjoyed on the continental mainland of the United States as long as terrestrial microwave was the sole means of wideband communication. ????The communications satellite has changed all this.The U.S. public television network has leased relay capacity in a commerical satellite, Western Union's WESTAR, and 149 of its 163 member stations are building 10meter receiving antennas to accept educational and other programs from a central originating station located near Washington， D.C. When the antennas are all in place by the end of this year, the public network will abandon ground microwave and relay exclusively upon the space link.(73) Two years later, the public radio network will be similarly interconnected by means of smaller (4.5 meters) receiving antennas. ????The shift to the communications satellite will sharply increase the capacity and flexibility of the public network to carry educational and other material. (74) Previously limited to the relay of a single television channel at one time, the network will now be able to disseminate four instructional programs simultaneously by satellite . Member stations will be able to select any two of the programs, one for immediate use and one that can be recorded for later use.(75) This will substantially relieve the scheduling problems which limited the flexibility of the public broadcasting network when it was dependent upon ground microwave relay. Part Ⅴ Writing(15 points) Directions: A.Title:On Clone B.You should write an essay based on the outline below in no less than 150 words C.Your essay should be written clearly on Answer Sheet Ⅱ Outline: 1.What's clone? 2.Different attitudes towards clone 3.Your view on it 研究生入学考试模拟英语试题[13]讲评： [词汇与结构] [完型填空] [阅读理解] [英译汉] [写作] Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A (B) …being supported by…为分词短语作方式状语，修饰study。 (A) foods advertised，过去分词作后置定语，说明一种客观情况，无需时态上的要求；C不合适的原因是，不定式作定语一般多指要发生的事情，指动作，不指状态。 (D) did so代替前面的不定式…sit down on the shabby little couch and weep。为了表示强调或者使语句更加连贯紧凑，do so可以有倒装形式，把so置于句首，如本句。句意：“显然没有别的办法，只好倒在破旧的沙发椅上哭泣，德拉就这么办了。” (C) there be句型若出现在for后面，用不定式，若出现在其他介词后面，则用there being。本句中，“there to be+名词词组”作宾语从句中的主语，相当于：…for there to be a mistake in a computer's calculation was impossible,…。请参见1994年考题(9)，1996年考题(8)。 (B) 连词for一般不出现在句首，若有时出现在句首，则说明for引导的句子与前面的句子在逻辑上有一定关系，如本句表明对它前面提到过的事情的原因或理由，起承上启下的作用。morevoer表示递进；nevertheless表示让步；because用来回答why，用于本句都不合适。 (A) 此句是形容词比较级表示含蓄虚拟条件，意为：“一个不这么勇敢的人是不敢面对这么复杂的情况的。”因此应选用相应形式would not have dared。 (B) otherwise，副词，意为：“另外”、“别的样的”，按句意，应选unless。句子意为：“除非医生另有指示，否则这药应一天吃三次。” (B) which在此句中是关系形容词，既引导从句，又在从句中修饰forms。全句意为：“更需要重视运动，应该选择最合适的运动形式，这需要体育教师和校医的密切配合。” (C) as…as…，“与……一样”，表示同级比较；more…than…，“比……更……”，表示比较级。句中如果第二个as保留的话，应出现在…as harmful, if not more so ,to the wellbeing and progress of a nation as wars or economic depressions。但原句中已给that，意味着第二个as不需要出现，所以选C。句子意为：“疾病对一个国家的繁荣和发展可能造成和战争与经济危机同样的危害，即使不说是更大的危害。” (C) for many years to come，“今后数年”，不定式表示将来要发生的情况，习惯上不用从句表达这个意义，故B、A不合适。 Section B (C) 错 应改成：that I made,因是it is…that…强调句结构。 (C) 错 应改成：could not。此句是含蓄虚拟句，含蓄假设条件由otherwise一词表示，否则的话(不用飞机的话)，就无法将食品运到某些人和牲畜生存的地方。 (D) 错 应将widely改成wide。虽然wide和widely都是副词，但含义不同，wide意为：“完全地”，如：wide open eyes, wide open mouth；widely意为：“广泛地”，如:widely known, widely believed等。 (D) 错 应改成：to be worked out。此处用不定式作定语，表示还没有发生的动作(later)；而过去分词作后置定语一般只能表示已完成的动作或说明一种状况，用于本句是不合适的。 (B) 错 应改为：to be kept to，因为是keep to a strict discipline。keep to意为：“坚持”、“遵守”。 (C) 错 应在：interest后面加上in，表示“对……感兴趣”。请参见1994年考题(20)。两个并列名词后接不同介词，切不可将其中一个漏掉。 (C) 错 应改成：having caused。动词regret后面要求接动名词，表示“对所做的事情感到后悔”。 (D) 错 应改成：are，因为主语是patience and skill。两上不可数名词并列作主语，谓语动词应用复数形式。 (C) 错 应改成：recognized,与knew并列。 (B) 错 应改成：what,引导名词性从句。 Section C (A) back up，“支持”；rely on，“依靠”；turn to sb.,“求教于”、“求助于”；hold up，“拦截”。 (A) lead up to，“渐渐(转弯抹角地)引到(某个话题)”；take up，“提出(问题等供讨论)”；make up，“编造”；give away，“泄露(秘密等)”。 (D) stand by，“放在一旁待命使用”；put aside，“放在一边”；put away，“收藏起来”；set aside，“搁在一边”。 (A) pull trough，“(使)恢复健康”；put right，“使恢复正常”、“纠正”，用法是put sb.right；set right与put right同义；get over，“(从疾病、受伤、震惊中)恢复过来”但over后要接sth.,所以用在句中也不对。 (B) devise，“设计”、“发明”；discover，“发现”；divert，“转移”、“使转向”；diversity，“使不同”、“使多样化”。 (B) leave no room，“不留余地”；make room，“腾出(空间)”、“留出地方”；spare no effort，“不遗余力”；take no pains，“不努力”。 (B) prospect:sth.expected, hope for，“希望”、“期望之事”；prosperity，“繁荣兴旺”；expectation，“期待”；anticipation，“预料”、“期望”。 (C) in contrast to，“与……对照”；in regardto，“就……而论”、“关于”；contrary to，“与……相反”；with respect to，“关于”。 (D) in terms of，“就……而论”；in the event of，“倘若”、“万一”；in the light of，“按照”、“根据”；in case of，“假使”、“如果发生”，与in the event of同义。 (A) provision，“条款”、“规定”；contract，“合同”；treaty，“条约”；regulation，“规章”。 (C) implement，“贯彻”、“实行”；impose，“强行做……”，要求接on; impulse，“推动”；incorporate，“合并”。 (B) verify：make sure that sth. is true，“证实”、“证明”；testify：give evidence,“作证”、“提供证据”；affirm：declare firmly，“断言”、“肯定”；assert：declare，“宣称”、“断言”。 (A) in point: which proves or is an example of the subject under conversation,“恰当的”、“切题的”、“与题目有关的”，a case in point，“恰当的例证”；in question：being talked about,under consideration，“正被谈论的”、“被考虑的”；in a way，“从某种意义上来说”；in brief，“简言之”。 (D) discharge，“排出”、“释放”；discard，“丢弃”、“抛弃”；disperse，“分散”、“驱散”；disguise“伪装”。 (C) zone：an area marked off from others by particular qualities，“地带”；region：larger area without exact boundaries，“(标界不明显的、较大)地区”，常用来指行政划分出的区域；area为普通用词，泛指“地区”；district:an area in a country or city，“大地区下面划分出的小区，如市内某区”。比较：special economic zone，“经济特区”；autonomous region，“自治区”；Haidian District，“海淀区”。 (B) eliminate，“消除”、“消灭”，如：eliminate ethnic discrimination(illiteracy)，“消灭种族歧视(铲除文盲)”；abolish，“废除(制度)”；diminish，“缩小”、“减少”；extinguish，“熄灭”。 (A) hold true，“有效”、“适用”，接for;come true，“实现”。其他两词用在句中均不合适。 (B) favourable(to)，“对……有利”；preferable，“更可取的”；convenient，“方便的”、“便捷的”；compulsory，“强制的”、“义务的”、“必修的”。句意：“就一生的经历来说，一个普通学生，上大学与不上大学是大不一样的，其区别是对上大学的人有利，任何一个达到大学水平的学生都恩惠于高等教育。” (B) prospective，“有希望成为……的”、“可能的”；profitable，“可带来利润的”、有利可图。 (C) penetrate，“穿过”、“渗入”；pierce，“刺破”、“刺穿”；persecute，“迫害”； Part Ⅱ Cloze Test 短文大意：制图学是绘制地图的艺术和科学。地图有许多作用，地图绘制也有很高的要求，其中最主要的是准确、清楚。某张地图具体采用何种投影方式取决于该地图的用途。 段首句译文：“制图学是绘制地图的艺术与科学。” (C) medium 地图既不是“方法”，也不是“经常做的事”，故A. method(方法、方式)和b. practice(惯例、练习)均应排除。D.apparatus意为：“一套器械”、“装置”，也不能指地图，也应排除。c. medium的意思是：“传播媒介”、“工具”、“手段”，符合文意。 译文：“地图是表现角度、距离、地区和方向的重要媒介。” 选项用法举例：Air is a medium for sound。“空气是传播声音的媒质。”a medium of communication，“通讯工具”；a heating apparatus，“暖气装置”；medical apparatus“医疗器械”；remote control apparatus，“摇控装置”；An automobile is a complicated apparatus.“汽车是一台复杂的机器。” (D) variety A. amount用于修饰不可数名词；B. difference(区别)和C. diversity(差异、多样性)均不能用于a large…of purposes的结构；D.variety作单数时意为：“事物的种类”，故只有D为正确答案。 译文：“它们有各种不同的用途。” 选项用法举例：a diversity of food，“多种食品”；a great diversity of interests，“多种多样的兴趣”；a wide diversity of opinion，“意见有很大分歧”；for a variety of reasons，“由于多种原因”；a large variety of patterns to choose from，“可供选择的种类繁多的花样”。 (A) besides 无论从常识或逻辑的角度看，地图的要求首先是精确，其次是清楚。所以，B. despite, C. except和D. except for 都不合文意，只有A. besides是正确选择。 译文：“除了准确以外，地图的另一个重要要求是清楚明了。” (B) degree A.extent(程度)不能用high修饰，首先排除。虽然b. degree(程度)，C. level(水平)和D.standard(水平、标准)都可被high修饰并与clarity和precision连用，但在本句中，be given之后就只有degree符合英语习惯了。 (C) precision 本句重述上文提到的好地图的两个重要条件，作者使用了同义词，clearly legible即clarity；accuracy的同义词是C.precision. A.imitation(模仿)，B. illustration(插图、解释)和D. distinction(区别、荣誉)不仅不能同a high degree of连用，而且不符合文意。 译文：“现代的地图设计和印制方法可以使地图有很高的清晰度和准确性。” (C) purpose 定语从句中的主语it指map，故关系代词which的先行词只能选C.purpose才合文意，即：The map is used for the purpose。选项A、B、D都不合逻辑。 译文：“编纂地图时首先要考虑的是使用它的目的。” (A) depending on 本句分词词组所带宾语从句的内容与主语的内容(地图采用何种投影方式)是一种因果关系，故应选A. depending on(取决于)。B. consisting in(存在于)，C.resulting in(导致)与D. consulting with(与……商量)均不合逻辑。 (C) such as 国家面积大小相差很远，故A.equal to(相当于、等于)和D.which is都不合文意。因下文有the whole surface of the earth,所以b. larger than也不合适。作者在这里以国家或洲为例说明relative large area的确切含义，故只有c. such as最合逻辑。 译文：“需要选用一种恰当的投影法，这取决于地图要显示多大的面积：只是地球表面的一小部分或是一个较大的地区(例如一个国家甚至一个洲)，还是整个地球的表面。” (B) navigational 除了要显示的实际面积的大小外，地图采用何种投影法还要取决于它的用途。这里只有B. navigational(航行的、航海的、航空的)与geographical和traffic engineering并列符合逻辑。A. analytical(分析的)，C.ornamental(装饰的)和D. technological都不合逻辑。 译文：“在一定程度上，采用何种投影法还要取决于地图是否要满足地理、导航或交通工程的需要。” (D) projections A.duplications指“复制品”，不能作develop的逻辑宾语。B. specification指“(产品的)规格”，即型号、重量、体积等具体指标；地图的规格用size(尺寸)或scale(比例尺)表示。C. transmissions(播送、发射、传送)既不能指地图投影法也不可同develop搭配使用。从上下文看，只有D. projections(投影法)为正确选择。 译文：“许多不同的投影法和它们的不同形式已被研制出来了。” Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (C) 第一段第二、三句指出，在所有社会中，广义的“自我利益(包括家庭与朋友的利益)”是工作的基本动机。但是，在作者看来，自我利益不仅只限于维持生计(providing for subsistence)或积累财富。尔后，他以毛利人(Maori)的工作动机为例说明。本段后两句指出，即使在美国，人的工作动机也不仅限于经济上的需要(economic necessity)--即使有足够的钱用以生活，许多人还是继续工作。可见，传统的看法是：工作的基本动机是维持生计--个人的、家庭的、朋友的。 (A) 第二段第一、二句指出，通过工作，人们可以为社会做出贡献，他们的工资表明他们的工作是他人所需要的，他们是社会组织(social fabric)中的必要的一员。这一段最后两句总结说，在美国，严酷的现实(blunt and rthlessly public fact)是：游手好闲者只属于无用之辈，只能做一点无足轻重的事。所以，社会将工作(能力)看作是衡量一个人的尺度，当然，这个尺度的具体体现就是工资。 (D) 在文章最后一段，作者借用社会学家科恩的研究指出：工作影响了我们的生活。工作中所形成的价值取向影响到我们的性格及价值观。而且，这些性格特征或价值观会代代相传。因此，工作过程可以说是一个社会化成长(socializing)过程，这个过程决定了我们是谁以及我们想成为什么样的人。可见，在作者看来，人可以在工作中塑造自己并发现自我(shape and find himself)。与D表达的内容相比，A、B、C表达的内容不够深刻。B意为：“更加珍惜生活”。 (B) B意为：“工作的意义”。本文的主旨是文章的第一句：“为什么人要工作?”在第一段作者指出，工作的目的不仅限于谋生或一种经济需要。在第二、三段，作者谈了他对工作目的认识。除谋生外，工作使我们在社会中找到自己的位置，工作是使我们获得健康的价值观并塑造我们的人生的机会。可见，本文旨在探讨的是工作的意义。 (D) 参考第一段最后两句。研究发现，从9层以上的楼层坠下的猫只有5%的伤亡，而从7层或7层以下坠落的猫却有10%的伤亡。考生应该注意的是，同选择项D相比，有关选择项A、B、C表达的内容文章无法未提供单项数据，因此很难判断其正误。 (D) 文章第二段解释了猫从高空坠落而不致死亡的原因。原因有几方万岁：其一，猫身体较小；其二，就其重量而言，猫身体表屋面积(body surface)大，相应地，其下落阻力大；其三，正如该段第五句所指出的，更重要的是猫下落时的姿势，这一姿势使下落的猫取得了一种降落伞效应，该效应增加了下落阻力，缓冲了下坠力(见该段最后两句)。由以上分析可见，猫的大小、体重、表层面积虽然都有关系，但不是解释猫高空下坠而存活的主要原因。 (A) 降落伞效应是这样形成的：在开始下降后不到一秒种的时间里，猫在空中迅速调整它的下落姿势，使四脚向下，摆正身体(rights itself)。猫耳朵内部有一个像回转仪一样的机制，告诉它下落的方向。然后，猫展开四肢，降落伞效应就形成了。B意为：“总是尽力舒展开身体”。原文提到的是猫展开四肢(0spread its legs)；C意为：“看起来像个降落伞的形状”，原文说的是形成(在功能方面)像个降落伞式的东西(form a sort of parachute)或具有降落伞效应(parachute effect)，并非指状如降落伞；D意为：“将耳朵指向下降方向”。原文并未提到耳朵的方向。请参阅第二段第五至第八句。 (B) 第三段第一句指出，快落到第四层时，猫的下降速度达到最高，这时，降落伞效应开始起作用(comes into play)。这里关键不在于下落到几层，而在于下降速度是否达到最大这一状态。 (D) 第二段第二、三句指出，晋职、加薪等原来主要靠科研和著述(publication)，但是，现在著述却不再是首要依据了(top priority)。A意为：“当务之急(urgent)是改变美国文化”。B、C表达的内容与原文不符。 (B) 第二段第四句指出，目前，所谓成功就意味着教授们必须能从联邦政府或企业提供的研究费用中得到资助(bring in funds)。一段第一句也指出，对科研的强调使许多大学改变了评价教授的标准：这些大学首先考核的是科研能力，而不是教书能力。 (B) 对学校强调科研这种作法，不同人有不同看法。反对者(critics)认为，这样一来，只搞科研而“忽视”了教学的人却最可能成了有学术成绩的人。支持者(defenders)认为，即使学生们不亲身参与科研项目，他们也会受益，因为对科研的强调会给大学生活带来学术方面的刺激(intellectual stimulation)。所以，在他们看来，对科研的强调会有益于学生，虽然这个益处不是通过学生直接参加科研项目而获得的。参考第二段最后两句。D意为：“能为学校挣到很多钱。”本文只提到了获取国家或企业对科研项目的资助，这与给学校赚钱是两码事。 (D) D意为：“对……持中性态度”。文章的第一段引出讨论，第二段了几方面的看法。第三段指出，随着学校与企业的关系不断加强，对它所产生的影响也引发了争议，它的影响面波及基础科学研究、学术开放程度、信息的控制、科研方向选择等以及对学生的影响。可见，作者自始致终都未提到自己对这一现象的看法。C意为：“对……持支持态度”。 (B) 意为：“使用了许多典型的恐怖小说描述”。第一段第三句指出，在他(爱伦·坡)斟酌精美的句子(beautifully crafted sentence)里，他把握住了恐怖故事的许多特征：黑暗、不祥的荒僻、寂静、恐惧、不安和一种随时可能变成恐惧的深深的悒郁(a deep feeling of melancholy that could soon turn to fear)。 (D) 意为：它们的种类指明了它们的内容。第二段指出，许多小说的内容是不解自明的：(selexplanatory)神秘小说，西部小说，爱情小说，惊险小说，科幻小说等等，从这些归类上就可以知道小说的内容。但是，恐怖小说就不容易区分了，因为许多其他类别的小说用恐怖的情节来烘托气氛。 (A) 意为“超乎寻常”。第四段指出，在恐怖小说中，普通人面临未知和恐怖情景，这种情景超出了人们的理解力，无法用理性解释，正是这种对非理性的强调构成了恐怖小说的核心内容。 (B) 意为：人本性邪恶。最后一段指出，这种文学形式起源于十八世纪浪漫主义运动(Romanticism)开始的时代，以前，人们将世界看作是理性有序的，人本质是向善的，万物都可以用科学解释，而浪漫主义运动正是对这一信念的反抗。恐怖小说的文学根源是哥特式小说(Gothic fiction)、罪恶小说，这些小说往往以中世纪罪恶的环境为背景，恐怖小说至今保留着这些小说的痕迹。 (C) C意为：“王位的继承”。原文第二、三句指出，亚瑟的父王死后，诸侯开始争夺王位，根据默林的提议，最后决定由神力来裁决如何解决王位的继承问题。这里，“麻烦的问题”即指王位的继承。最后，亚瑟拔出了宝剑，成了王位的继承人。 (B) B意为：“在宫廷以外长大”。第一段最后一句告诉读者有关亚瑟王的经历。他曾默默无闻，由默林秘密养育，他并不知道自己身上有着超人的力量，但他拔出了宝剑。A意为：“是王位第一继承人”；C意为：“证明是命定的国王”；D意为：“具有神力的凯尔特族首领”。(注：凯尔特人或译作克尔特人，是公元前1000年左右居住在中欧、西欧的部落，其后裔后散布在爱尔兰、威尔士、苏格兰等地。) (A) A意为：“亚瑟的故事反映了人类文明史上的一个历史转变。”第二段指出，从石头中拔出剑这个故事反映的是石器时代向青铜器时代的转变。青铜器的使用进一步解放了生产力，解放了人，因此，掌握了青铜提炼技术的人理所当然地成为具有神力的人，成为文化英雄(culturehero)。(注：青铜时代是石器时代后、铁器时代前的一个时代。)B意为：“亚瑟的故事是传奇，没有真实基础。”C意为：“亚瑟的故事被大大地夸大了，因此不可信。”D意为：“亚瑟的故事反映了人们对其领袖的良好期望。” (C) 该题的提问部分意为：“就他所引起的崇拜而言，亚瑟可以与……相比。”第二段提到，在石器时代末期，掌握了青铜技术的人被人顶礼膜拜，被视为统治精神与物质世界的主(a lord over spiritual and material things)。在那个时代的人眼里(in of the Iron Age)，这种人简直就是先知(seer)，他同今天的发明家、化学家一样，为他的人民创造新的武器。因此，像今天我们崇拜--或敬畏--科学家一样，那个遥远的时代的人将掌握了青铜技术的人视作他们生存的主宰也是合理的。D意为：“铁匠”。 Part IV EnglishChinese Translation 短文大意：在通信卫星发明前，人们只能利用一连串的微波塔来传播无线电和电视信号。在陆上微波仍是宽带通信的唯一方法时，遥远的阿拉斯加和夏威夷就无法分享美国大陆上的电视服务。由于太空技术的迅速发展，发明了通信卫星，它可以使地理上相隔很远的各地都能通过很小的接收天线收到广播和电视节目，不再受时间安排上的限制。 这是一个简单句，句架是：…chains of microwave towers were…means for…。句首Prior to引导状语。句中elaborate是“精细复杂”的意思；lineofsight是“视线”的意思；curvature为“弯曲部分”。本句应译成：“在这种技术出现以前，如要将无线电及电视的信号传送过地球的弯曲部分，唯一可行的方法是利用结构精细复杂而耗费巨大的一连串微波塔。” 这是一个简单复合句，句架是：…points…could not share the service….enjoyed是过去分词作定语，修饰service.as long as引导状语从句。句中terrestrial是“陆地上”的意思。本句应译成：“以前，在陆上微波仍为宽带通信的唯一方法时，像阿拉斯加和夏威夷等遥远的地方就不能分享美国大陆所享有的电视服务。” 这是一个简单句，句架是：…the…network will be…interconnected…。句中antenna为“天线”。本句应译成：“两年以后，公营无线电网也将以较小(4.5米)的接收天线作类似的互联。” 这是一个简合句，句架是：…limited to…,the network will…be able to disseminate…programs。句首limited是过去分词，引导状语。句中relay是“转播”的意思。本句应译成：“以前限于每次转播一个电视频道，现在公营电视网可经由卫星同时播送四个教学节目。” 这是一个简单复合句，句架是：This will relieve the problems which…when…。关系代词which引导定语从句，修饰the scheduling problems. when引导时间状语从句，it指the…network。句中substantially作“大大地”讲；scheduling作“时间安排”讲；flexibility作“灵活性”讲。本句应译成：“这一转变可大大缓解时间安排上的问题。公营广播网以前在依赖地面微波转播时，时间安排问题曾使公营广播网的灵活性受到限制。” Part V Writing (15 points) 参考范文 ????The term Clone may not be new to most people. It refers to the descendant of a single plant or animal, produced nonsexually from any one cell, and with exactly the same or as the parent. ????It goes without saying that Clone technology is an achievement in science. However,as to its application, different people take different attitudes. Many people are very excited about the success of Clone technique. They think it offers the possibilities that human beings can breed excellent varieties of plants and animals by making full use of high grade gene. Hence human beings can benefit a lot from it. While there are some other people who hold different opinions about the Clone technique. They think it is easily misused, which will bring about a disaster. For example,if Clone technique is carried out on human beings, it will lead to moral confusion. Moreover, we can't predict what disaster it will bring about. ????Therefore, it is safe to say that the Clone technique in itself is innocent, but once it is misused, its destructive power will be uncontrollable. However, l'm very pleased to read the reports that scientists are trying to breed Clone animals to benefit people. So it is important that we apply the Clone technology properly and make it benefit human beings.