模拟试题[15]  Simulated Test [PREVIOUS] [NEXT] Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points) No other drug is available at present _____ can produce the same therapeutic effect with less risk. A.that B.than C.when D.as Computers are already widely used in industry and in universities and the time may come when it _____ possible for ordinary people to use them as well. A.is B.will be C.must be D.may be An estimated 20 percent of the U.S. population has no bank account,more than half of this group don't have credit card _____ can not get bank loans. A.or B.so C.and D.yet She is only _____ satisfied to copy notes of others without the pain of thought for herself. A.very B.much C.so D.too Bacteria are sometimes _____ too small to be seen without a microphone. A.far B.rather C.quite D.very Once he starts talking about Chinese or foreign affairs, ancient or modern, _____ . A.there is no stopping of him B.he is not to stop C.there is no stopping him D.it is no stopping him I should be the _____ man to think highly of those who wake up to persons of influence. A.right B.very C.last D.same We are all agreed that the plan is practical and feasible,but he thinks _____ . A.not B.the reverse C.contrarily D.otherwise Classes will cease to exist by the time communism _____ throughout the world. A.is achieved B.has been achieved C.will be achieved D.will have been achieved Wang Qing did not come to the meeting;he _____ the notice on the blackboard since we saw it on our way to the dininghall. A.must not have missed B.could not miss C.could not have missed D.wouldn't have missed Section B Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5 points) There were over (A) 　500　000　 deaths (B) 　due to automobile accidents in the U.S.last year.A third of these　 could have been avoided (C) 　but the drivers　 hadn't fastened (D) 　their seat belts. Few realize (A) how much (B) 　the happiness of life and the formation of character depends on (C) 　the wise selection of books we　 read (D) . Unlike (A) 　the director　 and (B) 　the actors and actresses,seldom the screenwriter who　 provides for (C) 　a film　 is acclaimed (D) . A Soviet newspaper　 carried out (A) 　an experiment the other day to see if (B) 　Moscow's telephone service was as bad as most people here think　 is (C) .　It　 was (D) . I had been stranded (A) 　on this island for quite sometime (B) when (C) 　one day I　 put myself upon thinking (D) 　whether it was possible to make myself a boat. In the long run (A) ,　there　 should (B) 　be no　 such a thing as (C) 　an energy shortage, because the entire universe　 consists of (D) 　energy. The two leaders met　 for (A) 　an hour and 40 minutes on Monday, and　 had (B) 　what an official spokesman　 described (C) 　a friendly conversation　 on a wide range (D) 　of subjects. The fourth time　 when (A) 　he escaped,he had the misfortune to be caught (B) 　by a professional slavecatcher, who　 brought (C) 　the African　 back to (D) 　the plantation. We can see　 then (A) 　that there　 are good reasons (B) 　for regarding　 it (C) 　as desirable that a married woman　 has (D) 　some occupation outside the home. With time they　 discovered (A) 　techniques for producing materials that had properties superior to (B) the natural ones (C) ;　these new materials include (D) 　pottery and various metals. Section C Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one the best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 pionts) I was　 _____ 　in the middle of my call because I had no more pennies to put in the box. A.broken off B.cut off C.hung up D.cut down He was _____ for military sevice at the age of eighteen and spent a year in the army. A.called in B.sent out C.called up D.taken on Mary wants to study medicine but she is not very clever.I don't think she is _____ it. A.up to B.for C.within D.towards The doctor ordered the patient to _____ all solid food for at least twentyfour hours. A.keep out B.keep away C.keep off D.lay aside Primitive monetary systems require the same balance of supply and demand that _____ the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Reserve System. A.confirms B.confronts C.conducts D.confesses A scientist usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation,and his curiosity makes him look for _____ relationship even if the data available seem to be unconnected. A.underlining B.underneath C.undergoing D.underlying During an earthquake,the great part of damage and loss of life has been _____ collapse of buildings and the effect of rockslides,floods,fire,diseases,and other phenomena resulting from earthquakes,rather than from the quakes themselves. A.due to B.owing to C.by reason of D.on account of In Japan most people still feel that a woman's place is in the home;and most women willingly accept their traditional role as wife, leaving the business of making a living _____ their husbands. A.to B.with C.for D.on Whether to go to college is optional _____ that no student is required to do so as he is required by law in most states of America to go to high school. A.in a sense B.in the way C.in the sense D.in the case Of all the senses that help a small baby to distinguish his mother the sound of her voice, his sense of smell,his sight,the distinctive way she handles him,sight is _____ . A.permanent B.predominant C.prevalent D.preliminary The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 78 hours' sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours' wakefulness.Broadly speaking,the sleep normally _____ with the hours of darkness. A.conform B.coincide C.collide D.comply Today the Americans' love of comfort is seen in the way they _____ their homes,the way they design their cars,and the way they like to travel. A.trim B.modify C.carpet D.furnish Science is the systematic _____ of knowledge using nature itself or laboratory models and experiments. A.acquisition B.exploration C.survey D.pursuit Computers can provide information which allows businessmen to _____ their list of goods,by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. A.keep track of B.keep pace with C.keep in touch with D.keep company with John Smith Community College is an opendoor educational institution _____ to providing higher education to all who can benefit. A.contributed B.committed C.subjected D.assigned One Sunday morning the local post office _____ an important special delivery letter to my home,though it was addressed to me at my office. A.delivered B.presented C.submitted D.transferred Now there are sophisticated tests which can _____ poisons in the tiniest amount not even enough to kill a mouse. A.discern B.ascertain C.detect D.locate All students who want to use the library borrowing services and recreational　 athletic,and entertainment _____ must have a valid summer identification card. A.utilities B.facilities C.installations D.fittings Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body, _____ , some part of their body. A.or rather B.in other words C.so to speak D.for example Apart from a handful of weather stations,within 2 000 miles of the South Pole there is not a single tree,industry,or _____ . A.habitation B.settlement C.residence D.accommodation Part Ⅱ Cloze Test Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) ????The vast Pacific is the world's largest ocean,covering a third of the earth. 41 recent years most people knew little, 42 anything,about the Pacific islands,as they were cut 43 from the rest of the world by vast 44 of sea.This was especially true 45 the islands in the heart of the Pacific which people called the South Sea Isles.They dreamed of them as a tropical 46 of palmlined coral shores and drowsy sun. ????The 47 Pacific washes the shores of five continents,with its waters mingling in the southeast with the Atlantic Ocean and in the southwest with the Indian Ocean.It is not on the shores of continents or in the coastal islands,however, 48 the soul of the great Pacific is found.It 49 out where the fabled South Sea Islands are 50 over the huge ocean like stars in the sky. 41.A.Before B.Preceding C.During D.Until 42.A.if B.of C.not D.never 43.A.away B.back C.off D.out 44.A.territories B.strips C.waters D.stretches 45.A.to B.of C.about D.in 46.A.zone B.island C.paradise D.heaven 47.A.mighty B.tropical C.strategic D.substantial 48.A.when B.that C.which D.where 49.A.lies B.reaches C.is located D.is exposed 50.A.glittered B.twinkled C.scattered D.dispersed Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points) Passage 1 ????Only two animals have entered the human household otherwise than as prisoners and become domesticated by other means than those of enforced servititude:the dog and the cat.Two things they have in common,namely,that both belong to the order of carnivores and both serve man in their capacity of hunters. ????In all other characteristics,above all in the manner of their association with man,they are as different as the night from the day.There is no domestic animal which has so rapidly altered its whole way of living,indeed its whole sphere of interests,that has become domestic in so true a sense as the dog:and there is no animal that,in the course of its centuryold association with man,has altered so little as the cat.There is some truth in the assertion that the cat,with the exception of a few luxury breeds,such as Angoras,Persians and Siamese,is no domestic animal but a completely wild being.Maintaining its full independence it has taken up its abode in the houses and outhouses of man,for the simple reason that there are more mice there than elsewhere.The whole charm of the dog lies in the depth of the friendship and the strength of the spiritual ties with which he has bound himself to man,but the appeal of the cat lies in the very fact that she has formed no close bond with him,that she has the uncompromising independence of a tiger or a leopard while she is hunting in his stables and barns;that she still remain mysterious and remote when she is rubbing herself gently against the legs of her mistress or purring contentedly in front of the fire. ????The purring cat is,for me,a symbol of the heartside and the hidden security which it stands for.I should no more like to be without a cat in my home than to be without the dog that trots behind me in field or street.Since my earliest youth I have always had dogs and cats about me.Businesslike friends have advised me to write a dogbook and a catbook separately,because doglovers often dislike cats and catlovers frequently abhor dogs.But I consider it the finest test of genuine love and understanding of animals if a person has sympathies for both these creatures,and can apreciate in each its own special virtue. Cats,according to the author, _____ . A.are not domestic animals at all B.are fiercer than dogs C.are both meek and independent D.can sometimes be very hostile to people Dogs and cats are similar in that _____ . A.people can use them for hunting B.they are associated with man closely C.they have the same way of living D.they are equally liked by people We can infer from the passage that the author _____ . A.prefers dogs to cats B.prefers cats to dogs C.likes dogs as well as cats D.likes neither dogs nor cats The passage concludes that _____ . A.dogs are more domesticated than cats B.dogs are more lovable animals than cats C.though different,dogs and cats have their charms D.both dogs and cats can be kept as pets in one house Passage 2 ????A single status may have multiple roles attached to it, constituting a role set. Consider the status of a patient in a hospital. The status involves the sick role; another role as the peer of other patients; still another role as the “appreciative”receiver of the gifts and attention of friends and family members; one role as a consumer of newspapers, magazines, and other small items purchased from a hospital attendant; and a role as acquaintance of a number of friendly hospital personnel. Or consider your status as a family member. Your status includes a variety of roles, for example,parent and child, uncle, spouse, and cousin. Clearly, a role does not exist in a social vacuum; it is a bundle of activities that are connected with the activities of other people. For this reason there can be no professors without students, no husbands without wives, no whites without nonwhites, and no lawyers without clients. ????Roles affect us as sets of norms that define our duties the actions others can legitimately insist that we perform, and our right the actions we can legitimately insist that others perform. Every role has at least one reciprocal role attached to it; the rights of one role are the duties of the other role. As we have noted, we have a social niche for the sick. Sick people have rights our society says they do not have to function in usual ways until they get well. But sick people also have the duty to get well and“not enjoy themselves too much.”The sick role also entails an appeal to another party the physician. The physician must perceive the patient as trying to get well this is the physician's right and the patient's duty. And the patient must see the doctor as sincere the patient's right and the physician's duty. It should come as no surprise that the quality of medical care falters when patient and physician role expectations break down. ????One way that people are linked in groups is through networks of reciprocal roles. Role relationships tie us to one another because the rights of one end of the relationship are the duties of the other. People experience these stable relationships as social structure a hospital, a college, a family, a gang, an army, and so on. If your are a patient, you take on all the following roles EXCEPT the role as _____ . A.a friend of your fellow patients B.a staff member of the hospital C.the receiver of the treatment D.a buyer of medicines The example of the family member in Paragraph one is used to convey the idea that _____ . A.roles involve both duties and rights corresponding to them B.a role set forms a network of interdependencies C.family roles are far more complex than they appear D.family members have more duties than patients Which of the following may be one of the doctor's duties? A.See to it that the patient gets well as soon as possible B.Make sure that the patient doesn't enjoy himself too much C.Ask the patient to be cooperative in the treatment D.Perceive the patient as eager to get well A role is best defined in its relation to _____ . A.another status B.its obligation C.other roles D.its importance Passage 3 ????By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out of ten adults in the world were considered literate. The increase in literacy from ancient times to the present has not been a story of unbroken progress. The ability of people within a given society to read and write has been influenced by a number of factors, including economic wellbeing, the availability of material to read, the amount of education available, and the basic matter of the usefulness of reading. ????Of these factors, usefulness has probably been the most decisive. In ancient societies, as people settled into stable patterns of agriculture and trade, it became useful for some of them to read and write in order to keep records, to transact business, and to measure amounts of land, animals, goods, materials, and produce. Since all economic aspects of a society were closely tied to the operations of government, literacy became useful and even necessary for the keeping of records by officials. The responsibilities of citizenship led to a fairly high level of literacy in ancient Greece and Rome, but in addition to that, there also grew an appreciation of good literature, poetry, drama, history, and philosophy. ????During the early Middle Ages, with the general breakdown of society in Europe and the decrease of commerce, literacy became largely confined to the church. But in the late Middle Ages, in the period of the Renaissance, the great expansion of commerce and banking led to a revival in literacy for the same reason that had caused it to increase in the ancient world usefulness. ????With the invention of the printing press and inexpensive paper late in the 15th century there was for the first time a great availability of reading material for a much greater number of people. Religious reformers were among the first to utilize the situation, quickly getting translations of the Bible and educational tracts and booklets into the hands of many people. ????The broadened religious enlightenment that resulted was followed in later centuries by a political one. Political theorists who favored doctrines promoting the natural rights of man called for an attack upon illiteracy. Political revolutions, particularly in the United States and France, helped inaugurate an era in which all classes were called upon to become informed on public policy for their own welfare. Against this political background there emerged the movement for universal popular education. Literacy came to be understood as a means whereby the individual could benefit and advance, and gradually whole societies began to acknowledge that universal literacy among their citizens was an avenue to greater economic wellbeing. Form the first paragraph we know _____ . A.it is fairly easy to determine literacy B.there is no illiteracy in a rich family C.history sees an even progress towards literacy D.in history literacy suffers ups and downs According to the passage, what is the major driving force behind the progress toward more literacy? A.The amount of education. B.The availability of reading materials. C.The economic development. D.The necessity to read. In the Renaissance, it was _____ that greatly expand literacy. A.the religious reforms B.the translation and popularization of the Bible C.the availability of printing technology and cheap paper D.the renovations of the teaching methods The last paragraph is mainly about _____ . A.the religious movements that promoted the literacy of the public B.the new progress towards literacy initiated by democratic society C.modern political movement towards a more democratic society D.political movements at the end of the Middle Ages fighting illiteracy Passage 4 ????Every product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising, and more. Each of these costs must bring in some profit at each stage: truckers must profit from transporting products, or they would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of profits. The selling price of a product must take all of these costs(and builtin profits)into consideration. The selling price itself consists of a markup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage of the total cost. ????The markup may be quite high 90 percent of cost or it may be low. Grocery items in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink coast have a very high one. High markups, however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits. Profits come from turnover. If an item has a 50 percent markup and does not sell, there is no profit. But if a cereal has an 8 percent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits. ????While most pricing is based on cost factors, there are some exceptions. Prestige pricing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele. Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item cannot be found elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers. ????Leader pricing and bait pricing are the opposites of prestige pricing. Leader pricing means setting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores. The products so priced are called loss leaders because little or no profit can be made on them. The profits are made from other products people buy while in the store. Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means setting artificially low prices to attract customers. The store, however, has no inttention of selling goods at the bait prices. The point is to get people into the store and persuade them of the inferiority of the lowpriced item. Then a higherpriced item is presented as a better altermative. ????A common retail tactic is oddpriced products. For some products of $300, the store will set the price at $295 or$299.95 to give the appearance of a lower price. Automobiles and other highpriced products are usually priced in this manner. For some reason $7995 has more appeal to a potential car customer than $8000. ????Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting. It is often used in the awarding of government contracts. Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest bidder wins. A school system may want to buy a large number of computers. Several companies are asked to submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on considerations of quality and service. We learn from the second paragraph, _____ . A.reducing cost is the surest way to increase profits B.profits depend on how fast goods are moving C.fair markup promise the greatest profits D.lower markup brings reasonable profits In a department store, the purpose of showing clients baitpriced items is to _____ . A.demonstrate the bad quality of these items B.get them to purchase some other articles C.earn some dirty money from these items D.persuade them to buy what they don't really need Oddeven pricing method _____ . A.is often used with very expensive items B.is only effective on potential car customers C.is the most popular way of pricing a product D.is the most effective way of selling low priced products In a bidding deal, _____ . A.the buyer search from place to place for desired object B.the government selects the best items C.the government transacts with an individual D.the sellers compete with each other for the bid Passage 5 ????Educator today are more and more often hard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary for college studnets. Many even argue that each incoming freshman should have permanet access to his or her own microcomputer. What advantages do computers offer the college stdent? ????Any sutdent who has used a word processor willk now one compelling reason to use a computer: to write papers. Although not all sutdents feel comfortable composing on a word delete just by pressing a few keys, tus eliminating the need to rewrite or retype. Furthermore, since the revison process is less burden some, students are more likely to revise as often as is necessary to end up with the best paper possible. For these reasons, many freshman English courses require the use of a word processor. ????Science studnets take advantage of computers in many ways. Using computer graphic capabilities, for example, botany studeents can repressent and analyse different plant growth patterns. Medical students can learn to interpret computerized images of internal body structures. Physics studnts can comlpete complex calculations far more quickly than they could without the use of a computer. ????Similarly, business and accounting students find that computer spreadsheet programs are all but indispensable to many aspects of their work, while students pursuing careers in graphic arts, marketing, and public realtions find that knowledge of computer graphics is important. Education majors learn to develop grading systems suing computers, whill social science sutdnets use computers for analysing and graphically sisplaying their research results. ????It is no wonder, then, that educators support the purchase and use of computers by studnets. A versatile tool, the computer can help studnts learn. and that is, after all, the rason for going to college. The writer's chief purpose in writing this passage is to _____ . A.analyse the advantages and disadvantages of computers in education B.persuade educators to increase computer use in the classrooms C.describe how computers can be useful to science and busiess students D.identify some of the ways computers bencefit college students With a word processor, a student _____ . A.saves a lot of time revising a paper B.feels at ease composing a paper C.spend less time in composing a paper D.does not have to write a paper In the first sentence of paragraph 4,“all but indispensable”is closest in meaning to _____ . A.closely related B.very necessary C.almost impossible D.hardly helpful What is the reason for students going to college, according to the author? A.To learn B.To master the use of computers C.To find applications for computers D.to make the best use of computers Part IV EnglishChinese Translation Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points) ????Trees do more than make life pleasant;they make life possible.Trees get water through their roots and,primarily through their leaves,they draw carbon dioxide from the air.(71) Then,with the action of sunlight on cells containing chlorophyll and other materials,chemical reactions occur,and oxygen is released. Through photosynthesis,an acre of trees produces enough oxygen to sustain three humans. ????(72) Eating wood might seem odd,but many lowcalorie breads and other baked goods now include powdered cellulose,which acts as a bulking agent to help hold the foods together. ????Trees have always been green machines,producing substances that humans learned to use.(73) The ancient Greeks,for example,treated pain with a tea made by boiling willow leaves and bark;a tea modern scientists now know contains salicin,a precursor of acetylsalicylic acid asprin. For centuries,the Chinese have derived medicines from the ginkgo tree.(74) More recently,researchers isolated and synthesized the chemical ginkgolide from the tree for use in treating asthma,toxie shock and other ills. ????As scientists unlock the secrets of trees,they uncover surprising facts.In the early 1980s David Rhoades,a chemical ecologist at the University of Washington,Seattle,discovered that trees send unseen signals to each other.(75) When willows are attacked by webworms and tent caterpillars,they give off a chemical that alerts nearby willows. The neighboring trees respond by pumping more tannin into their leaves,making them more difficult for the insects to digest. Part V Writing(15 points) Directions: A.Title: College Students Like Reading B.You should write an essay based on the outline below in no less than 150 words. C.Your essay should be written clearly on Answer Sheet Ⅱ. Outline: 1.大学生读书蔚然成风。 2.简述此现象发生的原因。 3.你对大学生读书的看法。 研究生入学考试模拟英语试题[15]讲评： [词汇与结构] [完型填空] [阅读理解] [英译汉] [写作] Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A (A) that引导定语从句修饰drug。由于后置定语较长而谓语很短，为了使结构匀称和协调自然，便把定语移至谓语之后，因而造成了中心词与其定语的分隔现象。考生应熟悉这种分隔现象，以免造成语义上的误解而做出错误选择。 (B) when在这里是关系副词引导定语从句，修饰time，而不是表示时间的从属连词，所以A不对。 must be若表示肯定推断，与possible相矛盾；may be若填入句中，则意思上不准确，故也是错的。 (C) 在否定句中，两个相同并列的句子成分都由自己的否定词修饰，应用and连接，否则用or。试比较： No people could have selfrespect, or be respected,who would not fight for their freedom.At last John reached a street where there was little traffic and few pedestrains.所以选其他任何一个都不合适。 (D) too… to…是表示具有否定意义的结果的句式，但如果在too前面有not,all,only，but等词修饰时，该句式便含有十分肯定的意义了。如该句的译文应为：“抄别人的笔记，不用自己费心思考，她太高兴了。” (A) 修饰too一般用far,much,all表示“太……”的意思。 (C) 此句需要动名词在以there为引导词的句子中作主语，而且往往都是否定句，实际上There is no doing sth.已成为一种固定结构。如：There is no telling whether he will come this morning. (C) the last man to do sth.不是“最后一个做……的人”，而是“最不愿意做……的人”，根据文意应选C。 (D) otherwise 相当于differently或 in a different way。 (B) 句中有by引导的时间状语，故应用完成时态。 (C) 表示对过去情况的否定推断，用could(can)not have done。 Section B (D)错 应改为：didn't fasten。but连接表示转折的句子，陈述的是真实情况，所以不应该用表达虚拟意义的过去完成时形式。 (C)错 应用复数形式depend on。因为主语是the happiness of life and the formation of characters,虽然happiness和formation都是不可数名词，但两个不可数名词并列作主语又表示不同概念时，谓语应用复数。 (D)错 表示否定的状语seldom置于主语之前，句子的主谓结构应部分倒装。应改成：…seldom is the screenwriter…acclaimed。 (C)错 应改成：…(most people think)it is。it指telephone service,此处漏掉是错误的，因缺少主语。句意：“一天，某家苏联报纸进行了一次试验，想看一看莫斯科的电话服务是否像这里大多数人所认为的那样糟。试验证明果真如此。” (B)错 此处的(quite)sometime应分开写，在句中意为：“好长时间”。 (C)错 such a修饰单数可数名词，但如用在否定句中，应去掉a。 (C)错 应改成：described as describe…as…,“把……描述为……”。what an official spokesman described as作插入语。全句意为：“两国领导人在星期一会晤了1小时40分钟。如一位官方发言人所说的，他们就广泛的问题进行了友好的会谈。” (A)错 应去掉when。以time为中心词构成的词组可以充当连词引导时间状语从句，表示的意思是：“……时”，这时再用其他连词便是多余的了，这种现象可以看作是词类的转化。如：the last time，each time，next time，every time，any time，all the time，by the time，from the time,等等。请参见1995年试题(20)。另外，还有一些表示时间的名词，也可充当连词。如：the moment，the minute,the instant,the day，the year,the week等。 (D)错 应改成：have，用动词原形表示虚拟。形容词desirable后接 that 从句时，从句中谓语要求用虚拟语气形式，表示一种愿望。类似用法的形容词还有：urgent,advisable,preferable,necessary等。请参见1993年考题(1)和考题(64)。 (C)错 此题错就错在比较的内容不一致，即将不同类东西相比较，这是比较结构中常见的错误。如本句：property(性能)不能与 natural ones(天然材料)相比较，应改成：…to those of the natural ones。本句意为：“随着时间的推移，他们发现了一些生产材料的技术，运用这些技术生产出的材料，其性能好于天然材料的性能，这些新材料包括陶器和各种金属。” Section C (B) cut off，“(打电话过程中电话被)切断”；break off，“突然停止讲话”、“中止婚约”；hang up，“挂断电话”；cut down，“减少”、“降低”。 (A) call up，“应征服役”；send out，“散发”、“派遣”；call in，“约请”；take on，“雇用”。 (A) up to，“胜任”、“能做”，用法是 be up to sth.。 (C) keep off，“不吃”、“制止吃”；keep out，“不让入内”、“不卷入”；keep away(from)，“避开”、“不接近”；lay aside,“把……搁置一边”、“储蓄”。 (B) confront，“使面临”、“使面对……危险”；confirm，“证实”、“使更坚定”；conduct，“带领”、“引导”；confess，“承认”。 (D) underlying，“更深一层的”、“构成……的基础的”；underlining，“划线于……之下的”；underneath，“在……下面”、“在……底下”；undergoing，“经受的”、“经历了的”。 (A) due to，“由于”，既可作表语又可作状语，owing to，on account of与due to有同义，但多在句中作状语，一般不作表语；by reason of，“由于”、“以……为理由”，也在句中作状语。 (A) leave sth.to sb.，“把……留给……做”，是固定短语，因而不能用别的介词代替to。 (C) in the sense，“意思是”；in the way，“妨碍”；in a sense，“从某种意义上说”；in the case(多接of)，“就……来说”。句意：“是否上大学是可以选择的，也就是说，不是像美国大部分州法律规定必须完成高中学业一样，要求必须上大学。” (B) predominant,“占优势的”、“主要的”；permanent，“永久的”；prevalent，“流行的”、“普遍的”；preliminary，“初步的”。 (B) coincide(with),“与……巧合”；conform(to)，“与……一致”；collide，“(车、船)相撞”；comply(with)，“照做”。 (D) furnish,“装备”、“(用家具等)布置房间”；trim，“装点”、“点缀”；modify,“更改”；carpet，“用地毯铺地”。 (D) pursuit of knowledge,“寻求知识”；acquisition“获得”；exploration，“探索”；survey，“调查”、“勘察”。后两个习惯上不与knowledge搭配使用。acquisition of knowledge，“获得知识”，用在本句中不合逻辑，因为我们不能说：“科学是获得知识。” (A) keep track of，“记录”、“掌握……的线索”；keep pace with,“跟……齐步前进”；keep in touch with，“与……保持联系”；keep company with，“与……结伴”，“陪伴”。句意：“计算机通过展示哪些商品在出售、出售的快慢，来向经商者提供信息，使他们掌握商品的进出情况(货单上的商品哪些卖不动，哪些还需要再进货)。” (B) commit oneself to，“使致力于……”；be committed to sth.(doing sth.)，“致力于做某事”；contribute(to)，“贡献”、“有助于”，一般不用被动语态；be subjected to，“遭受”；assign sb. to sth.，“分配某人做某事”。不是“分配学校提供高等教育”，所以此句中不能用assigned。 (A) deliver，“投递(信件)”；present，“呈送”、“呈上”；submit，“提交”；transfer，“转移”、“调动”、“换乘(车、船)”。 (C) detect:discover(the presence or existence of sth.)，“查觉”、“发现”；discern:see clearly with eyes or mind,“辨明”、“识别”，主语一般是人或指人未辨别某事；ascertain,“确知”、“探询”；locate,“寻找……的地点”。 (B) facility,“设施”，指使工作便利的东西或环境，如：facilifies for travel (e.g.buses,trains,air services),“旅游设施(如汽车、火车、航空设备)”，facilities for study,“便于学习的设备(条件)”，如 libraries,laboratories 等等。utilities指公共事业设备，如水、电、气等。installation,“装置”、“设备”，指安装完成并可供使用的整套设备、装置。如：The cooker,heaters,and other electrical installations are all in perfect working order.“电炉、加热器和其他电器设备均处于最佳工作状态。”fitting,“装置”，多指建筑物中固定的装置，如：office fittings,“办公家具”(e.g.desks,chairs,filing cabinets)。 (A) or rather,“更确切点说”；in other words,“换句话说”；so to speak,“打个比方说”、“可以这么说”；for example,“例如”。这几个短语都可作插入语，但按句意，只有A合适。 (B) settlement，“住宅”；habitation,“住处”；residence,“住处”、“住宅”，尤其指大的堂皇的住宅；accommodation,“住所”。句意：“除了几个气象站，南极2000英里以内没有树、没有工厂、没有人烟。” Part Ⅱ Cloze Test 短文大意：浩瀚的太平洋是世界第一大洋。过去，人们对太平洋岛屿知道得很少，幻想着太平洋中部的南洋诸岛是热带天堂。气势磅礴的太平洋连接着五大洲，但它的迷人之处却是在远离陆地的南洋诸岛海域。 段首句译文：“浩瀚的太平洋是世界第一大洋，占地球面积的1/3。” (D) Until recent years 指“最近几年”，本句含否定意义，谓语用的是过去时，故选D.Until最合逻辑，意为：“不久以前……不(了解)，直到最近才(了解)”。其余三个选项的介词A.Before，B.Preceding，C.During与recent years和knew little连用都不合逻辑。 译文：“不久以前，大多数人对太平洋的岛屿还一无所知或知道得很少。” (A) if 由逗号隔开的插入语if anything 意同习语if any，只是any为形容词，而if anything则通常用在表示否定的代词few或little之后，意为：“如果有的话也很少”、“可能根本没有”。在这里， if they knew anything符合文意，故应选A.if。若选 B.of 则出现语法错误：know little of anything about中间不能加逗号，意为：“对关于……的任何事都了解得很少”。若选C.not anything(一无所知)或D.never anything(从不知道任何事情)则均与上文knew little互相矛盾，故C、D、B均不正确。 选项用法举例：There are very few trees，if any.“树即使有，也很少。”We have little if any water.“我们即使有水也很少。”There was very little，if any，significant mortality related to the epidemic.“这一流行病引起的死亡人数如果有也是微不足道的。”There is very little，if anything at all，that we can do about it.“关于此事，我们能做的事即使有也很少。” (C) off cut away意为：“切除”、“砍掉”；cut back，意为：“截短”、“削减”、“缩减”；cut off有“隔绝”、“包围”的意思；cut out有“割去”、“删去”等意思。从上下文看，只有C.off符合逻辑。 选项用法举例：cut away the tumor,“切除肿瘤”;cut back on public spending,“削减政府经费”;cut back on production during the power cuts,“在停电期间缩减生产”;The village was cut off by the snow for a month.“村庄被大雪封住达一个月。”The country once cut itself off from the rest of the world.“这个国家曾一度与外部世界隔绝。”He was cut off from all his friends when he studied abroad.“他出国留学期间跟所有的朋友中断了联系。”cut out all the four letter words,“删去所有的下流词”。 (D) stretches A.territories 指“领土”、“领域”、“地盘”，有不容外人入侵的含义；B.strips 指“狭长的一片”；C.waters 不能由vast…of sea修饰，故A、B、C都应排除。D.stretches指“平坦的一片”，在这里描述太平洋的广阔水域，是正确选择。 译文：“不久以前，大多数人对太平洋的岛屿还几乎一无所知或知道得很少，因为广阔的海面将这些岛屿与世界其他部分隔绝开来。” 选项用法举例：a strip of land,“狭长的一片土地”;a pleasant stretch of country,“一片令人心旷神怡的土地”;a wide stretch of road,“一片宽广的路面” (B) of 本句This指上文提到的太平洋诸岛的情况。be true of，意为：“符合于……”、“对……适用”，故应选B.of。其余三个选项均不正确。 译文：“那些被人们称为南洋诸岛的位于太平洋中部的岛屿更是如此。” 选项用法举例：This is a rule true of all cases.“这是一条适用于所有情况的规则。”The same is true of the way of living of the Japanese.“日本人的生活方式也是这样。” (C) paradise A.zone指划分出来的“地区(地带)”，不合文意。代词them即指上文islands，B.island为单数，故应排除。C.paradise和D.heaven均可译为“天堂”，是同义词，但后者指上帝所在的地方，不可与tropical搭配，前者指亚当和夏娃生活的伊甸园，可用来比喻任何人间乐园，故C为正确答案。 译文：“人们想象那里是一个热带的天堂，珊瑚岛边棕榈树成行，阳光令人昏昏欲睡。” (A) mighty 冲刷着五大洲海岸的不可能只是热带的太平洋，故B.tropical应排除；本文讲的是太平洋的浩淼，其地理位置是否有战略意义与上下文无关，故排除C.strategic(战略性的、战略上的)；D.substantial来自名词substance(物质、本体、主旨)，有“充裕的”、“显著的”、“重大的”等意思，在此都不合文意。从段首句vast，largest，本句“冲刷五大洲海岸”和下文的Great Pacific看来，只有A.mighty(巨大有力的)为正确答案。 译文：“气势磅礴的太平洋冲刷着五大洲的海岸，在东南方与大西洋汇合，在西南与印度洋相接。” (B) that 若选C.which和D.where引导定语从句，或选A.when引导状语从句，主句主语It则均无所指，不合逻辑。故只能选B.that，使本句强调结构完整。 (A) lies 本句主语It指上面提到的太平洋的灵魂或迷人之处(soul)，故B.reaches(延伸到)，C.is located(位于、坐落于)，D.is exposed(暴露于)都不合逻辑，只有A.lies可表示抽象事物的“存在”、“在于”，是正确选择。 (C) scattered A.glittered(闪耀)和B.twinkled(闪烁、闪亮、眨眼)都可描写繁星的光芒，但没有被动用法，故应排除。D.dispersed意为：“驱散”、“散开”、“消失”，不能描写岛屿或星星。C.scattered作及物动词有“使分散”、“撒播”、“使散布在各处”的意思，其过去分词意为：“分散的”、“散布的”、“疏疏落落的”，在此符合文意。 译文：“然而，巨大的太平洋的令人陶醉之处不在大陆的海岸上，也不在沿海的岛屿上，而是在远离陆地的海域。在那里，富有神奇色彩的南洋诸岛像天上的繁星一样散布在广阔的海面上。” Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (C) 文章第二、三段描述了猫的某些性格特征。第二段第二句指出，猫虽然与人共处已久，其本性却改变甚微。许多人认为，除几种珍奇类外，猫根本算不上家养动物而是一种彻头彻尾的野生动物。在作者看来，这种说法有些道理。在保持其独立性的同时，它栖身于人舍，仅仅是因为那里老鼠更多。猫没有与人建立密切的关系，当它在谷仓内猎取老鼠时，它表现得像虎豹一样桀骜不驯(uncompromising independence)；当它轻柔地摩挲着女主人的腿时或满意地睡在火炉旁时，它却依然保持着自己的神秘感与疏远心理(remote)，这正是猫的魅力(the appeal of the cat)之所在。第三段第一句指出，对作者来说，打着呼噜睡在火炉旁的猫象征着心理的平静与安全感。 (A) 文章第一段提到它们的共同处：它们不是作为人的囚徒 不像马、牛 被强行豢养，它们均属于食肉动物(carnivore)，它们都以其猎取能力为人所用。B不对。猫与狗虽然有许多共同点，但在许多方面 特别是在与人的关系方面 二者有天壤之别(as different as the night from the day)。D不对。从最后一段我们知道，作者既喜欢狗也喜欢猫，但这不等于说所有的人都是这样。 (C) 作者指出，他既喜欢自己房间里的猫，也喜欢跟在身后的狗。自他长大以后，他身边总是有猫也有狗。许多人喜欢其一而不喜欢其二，但是，在他看来，是否二者都受到怜爱并被欣赏，是检验人们对动物是否真正热爱和理解的最好标准。 (C) 参考第(51)、(53)题题解。 (B) 意为：“医院工作人员”。为了说明第一个角色都是一个角色集(role set)的一部分，文章第一段举了两个例子。它指出，病人的身分不是孤立存在的，它可以包括以下几个角色：病友(peer of other patients)、来自于朋友或亲属的馈赠和关心的受益者、医院内小商品的购买者、和蔼的医务人员的朋友等，当然还有作为(接受治疗的)病人的角色和取药买药的角色。但是，无论如何，病人不能成为医务人员。主要参考第一段第二、三句。 (B) 本文旨在说明角色关系将社会中的成员联系在一起，每个身份都有多种角色与之相对应，构成一个角色集(见第一段第一句)。为了说明这一点，第一段举了病人和家庭成员这两个身份作例子。本段的最后两句总结了该段的讨论：角色不是存在于“社会真空”(social vacuum)里，而是存在于同其他角色的联系中。从这个意义上来讲，没有学生、妻子、其他种族和委托人，便无所谓教授、丈夫、白人和律师。可见，这一例子旨在说明的是B，而A是第二段旨在说明的理。 (A) A意为：“负责病人尽快康复”，这里see to意为：“对……负责”、“保证。B意为：“保证(确保)病人不过分自娱”。文章第二段第五句指出，病人也有相应的义务尽快康复并且“不要过分自娱”。当然，一方的义务就是另一方的权利(参考第二段第二句)，据此，B表达的是医生的权利。C意为：“治疗过程中要求病人持合作态度”；D意为：“将病人视作极力想康复的人”。根据文章第二段第七句得知这是医生的权利。 (C) 正如第一段所阐明的，角色的存在不是孤立的，它存在于与其他角色的联系中，没有其二，无所谓其一。第二段又指出，每个角色至少有一个相应的角色与之相联。第三段指出，角色关系将社会中的个体联成诸个角色网，构成相对稳定的社会单位。由此可见，某个角色仅存在于同其他角色的相互关系中。A意为：“另一个身分”。根据文章第一段第一、二、三、四句，status一词对于role一词来说表达一个综合概念，即：一个status是诸多个role的集合。B意为“它的义务”。从对本题正确答案C的分析可以看出，B表达的意思不全面：某一角色的义务仅代表它一方面的特征。 (D) 意为：“文化水平历史上有起伏”。第一段指出，从古至今，文化水平的增长并非是一帆风顺的(a story of unbroken progress)，某个社会的人的阅读和写作水平受许多因素的制约，如：经济状况，阅读材料的多少，受教育机会(the amount of education available)，阅读能力的实用性这一基本问题。 第二段提到古希腊和古罗马人较高的文化水平，第三段提到中世纪人们文化水平的下降，以及文艺复兴以后文化水平的再次提高，等等，可见人们的文化水平并非随着时代直线上升。 (D) 意为：“阅读的需要”。第二段第一句指出，在所有(制约文化水平的)因素中，实用性(usefulness)是关键的因素。从以下几段的分析不难看出，这里所说的实用性即指：学会阅读有什么直接用途。 (C) 意为：“印刷技术和进步和纸张的便宜”。第四段实际上谈的也是文艺复兴时期文化的进步，众所周知，文艺复兴时期欧洲的文化获得空前的普及和提高。 (B) 意为：“由民主运动促成的新的文化进步”。最后一段指出，所产生的广泛的宗教启蒙运动(religious enlightenment)之后是几个世纪的政治启蒙。那些支持天赋人权(matural rights of man)纲领的政治理论家号召向文盲宣战，政治革命特别是美国和法国的革命促进了一个新时代的诞生：为了其自身利益，各社会阶层的人被号召关心国家政策，在这种背景下，出现了文化普及运动。 (B) 意为：“利润取决于商品周转的速度”。第二段第三、四、五、六句指出，然而，差价大本身并不能保证利润大，利润来自于总销售额(turnover)，例如：如果某种商品有50%的差价(markup)，但是卖不动，也不会带来利润，但是，如果某类粮食仅有8%的差价，但是卖得很好，带来的利润也会较可观。 (B) 意为：“使他们购买其他商品”。第四段后半段指出，引诱性定价(bait pricing)现在一般被认为是非法的做法，利用这种定价方式，商品价格人为地定得特别低，商店根本不想以引诱性价格售出商品，其目的在于将顾客吸引进商店，向他们演示低价格产品低劣的质量，然后再劝诱顾客购买高价格的(同类)商品。 (A) 意为：“用于贵重商品”。奇偶定价法(oddeven pricing)充分利用了顾客的心理。第五段第三句指出，汽车和其他高价格商品经常采用这种定价方式。 (D) 意为：“销售者竞相投标销售”。最后一段列举了两个例子，从中可以看出，在出价法交易中，销售者需通过竞相投标使商品得以销售。这与拍卖交易正好相反。 (D) 本文第一段(特别是第三句)开门见山地提出了议题。文章第二、三、四段叙述了计算机对各类专业学生的用途。A不对。因为，本文并未讲使用计算机的缺点(disadvantage)。C则不全面。 (A) 第二段指出，学生可以在计算机上写文章。虽然并非所有学生都习惯这样做，但大部分学生知道在计算机上修改或编辑写好的文章却要容易多了，这只需要按几个键而已，不用重抄、重打(rewrite and retype)。这样，写作过程就变得轻松多了(less burdensome)，学生们也都能写出自己满意的文章。B意为：“习惯写文章。” (B) indispensible 意为：“不可或缺的”、“必要的”；all but意为：“几乎”、“可以说是”。 (A) 文章后一段第二、三句指出，计算机是一个多用途的(versatile)工具，它可以帮助学生学习，而学习是学生上学的根本目的。 Part IV EnglishChinese Translation 短文大意：树对人是非常有用的，它使生活快乐，也使生命延续成为可能，如树在光合作用后能释放氧气。树又是一种绿色的机器，人们学会了用树生产出各种物质，例如希腊人学会用柳树的叶子和树皮制成药水来医治伤痛，现代科学家又发现这种药水里含有柳醇，他们利用柳醇制成阿司匹林。 这是一个并列句，两个句子由and连接。句架是：with…containing…chemical reactions occur, and oxygen is released。句首的介词短语是全句的状语。句中cell作“细胞”讲；chorlphyll是“叶绿素”的意思。本句应译成：“由于日光对含叶绿素和其他成分的细胞所起的作用，就会产生化学变化，树木就会释放出氧气。” 这是一个并列复合句，两个句子由but连接。句架是：…wood might seem odd, but many…breads and …goods…include…which…。在第二句中，关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰cellulose。句中calorie作“热量”讲；powdered cellulose作“粉状纤维素”讲；bulking agent此处作“膨化剂”讲。本句应译成：“吃木头似乎很奇怪，但是现在许多低热量的面包和其他烘烤的食品里都加进了粉状纤维素，它起着膨化剂的作用，能防止食物松散。” 这是一个并列复合句，两个句子由分号连接。句架是：…Greeks…treated pain with a tea made by…,a tea…contains salicin…。在第二个句子中，modern scientists now know是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰tea; a precursor of…是salicin的同位语。句中salicin作“柳醇”讲；precursor作“先兆”、“前身”讲，在本句中意为：“最初形成物”；acetysalicylic作“乙酰水杨酸”讲；acid作“酸”讲，本句应译成：“例如，古希腊人用柳树叶子和树皮熬成一种药水，用来治疗伤痛。现代科学家现在了解到这种药水里含有柳醇，它是乙酰水杨酸最初的形成物，也就是阿司匹林。” 这是一个简单句，句架是：researchers isolated and synthesized…the…ginkgolide，句中isolate作“分离”讲；synthesize作“合成”讲；ginkgolide作“银杏苦内酯”讲；asthma作“气喘”讲；toxie shock作“中毒性休克”讲。本句应译成：“最近，研究人员从这种树里分解出化学物质银杏苦内酯，然后综合成药物，用来治疗气喘、中毒性休克以及其他疾病。” 这是一个简单复合句，句架是：when they(trees)give off a chemical that….when引导时间状语从句，关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰chemical。 webworm“网虫”；tent caterpillar，“天幕毛虫”；give off，“施放”、“散发”。本句应译成：“当柳树遭到网虫和天幕毛虫侵袭时，就会施放一种化学物质，向附近的柳树发出警报。” Part V Writing (15 points) 参考范文 ????What books are you reading? Books on history, philosophy, economic theories, political situation of the world today, or whatever else? College students now read all kinds of books. The number of the books they read is large and the subject diversified. ????In general, this phenomenon is the result of the following factors. First, the publishing industry is prospering day by day. Numerous books are published every year, most of the topics appealing to both the more and the less cultured. Therefore, college sutdents have a large variety of books to choose from. Secondly, the reform of the education system has brought up a generation of young people who are inerested in all kinds of happenings around them. Students nowadays are not unanimous in their thoughts; rather, they tend to fly away from banal ideas and establish their own method of thinking. Thirdly, also most importantly, college students have realized that if they do not understand what is going on, they will soon be forgotten by the world. Today, the world develops at an amazingly high speed. Anyone who does not stalk along will lag behind. Reading is an effective way of understanding the world. In a word, what college students read is decided by the overall trend of the world today. ????No doubt, college students should be encouraged to read as many books as possible. In fact, their action is a reflection of their sense of crisis as concerns their position in the future world. But they might as well be advised to be a wise reader. A wise reader reads many books, but at the same time, focuses on a certain subject, either linked to ones's major or one's interest, so as to better understand it. What's more, a wise reader has the ability to distinguish the worthy from the unworthy,discarding the dross as well as selecting the essential.In other words, he stands higher than the author does, which will help entail a firm outlook on life and the world. In conclusion, when they read, college students are, indeed, to use their mind.