模拟试题[8]  Simulated Test [PREVIOUS] [NEXT] Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A Directions： Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(5 points) _____ the many hours of study that he devoted to the subject, he still found the subject matter difficult. A)After B)Because of C)Due to D)Despite Tell me how to send a Email to my friends in the United States, _____ . A)don′t you B)do you C)will you D)shall you Since they could not vote or take part in the government, they resented _____ to help pay most of the public costs. A)be taxed B)to be taxed C)being taxed D)taxed What they wanted to know was when and where the 36th International Field Emission Conference _____ . A)be held B)to be held C)is to be held D)was to be held Subject _____ is the mechanism of high temperature superconductivity. A)which continues to be intense debate. B)on which there continues to be intense debate C)on which it continues to be intense debate D)what continues to be intense debate debate _____ for the rich oil resources, life would be a perpetual struggle against poverty for the people in the Middle Eastern countries. A)If it shouldn′t be B)Had it not been C)If it was not D)Were it not Some stories set us thinking, _____ we should do under similar circumstances. A)which B)wonder what C)wondering what D)that During the World War Ⅱ his father _____ a living. How could he send his three children to school? A)could not even make B)could note even make C)even could not make D)could even not make _____ the history of the tough, strongwilled Nebraska farmer. A)Not only is much of the history of Nebraska B)Although it is much of the history of Nebraska that is C)It is as much the history of Nebraska′s being D)Much of the history of Nebraska is The mini bus production line _____ by the end of this year. A)Will be automated B)were automated C)will have been automated D)would be automated Section B Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C, and D) Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points) All of us have read thrilled (A) stories in which (B) the hero had only a limited (C) and specified time to live. (D) New dictionaries are needed (A) because English has changed (B) more (C) in the past two generations than any other time (D) in its history. A wellwritten (A) composition calls in (B) good choice of words (C) and clear organization among (D) other things. I should want (A) to see the people whose (B) kindness, gentleness and companionship havc madc (C) my lifc worthy living (D) . The field of dynamics in physics is concerned (A) with a particle′s motion (B) in relation (C) to the forces acting it. (D) How (A) native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, (B) for no wild corn has ever been (C) discovered, and it grows only where (D) people plant and tend it. In many pieces of music there is (A) dominant theme on which (B) the restful (C) of the composition is centered. (D) A loudspeaker functions on (A) the same (B) principle that the telephone receiver does, but is more (C) larger and louder. (D) A sandy hair girl (A) is needed (B) to play the part of (C) the reporter in this (D) new play. Reducing the inefficiencies (A) in production lines (B) were (C) the main concern of the newly hired (D) consultants. Section C Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D) Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(10 points) I'm not sure why he didn′t go into the higher class, but I _____ he failed the entrance test. A)estimate B)suspect C)predict D)deduce An application to join this scheme places you under no obligation _____ . A)indeed B)eventually C)apart D)whatsoever A fire alarm in the adjoining building caused the play at the theater to be _____ . A)broken away B)brokcn off C)broken down D)broken out You must buy the book with your own pocketmoney or do _____ . A)without B)with C)away with D)up He was extremely tired, but he was _____ unable to sleep until after midnight. A)nevertheless B)otherwise C)meanwhile D)whereas They were frightened by a concept that they _____ in their own mind. A)sought B)accepted C)created D)idealized The second law of thermodynamics says, _____ , that heat never flows spontaneously from a cooler to a hotter object. A)in the effect B)in effect C)at effect D)at the effect The international Olympic Committee _____ the rules for athletes in the Olympic Games. A)lays down B)lays aside C)lays out D)lays off Although they usually did their own painting and papering, on this occasion they brought in a firm of _____ decorators. A)inside B)interior C)internal D)inward Automation threatens mankind with an increased number of _____ hours. A)useless B)active C)idle D)complex The staff at the hospital were well _____ to deal with the epidemic. A)capable B)equal C)ready D)equipped This course _____ no previous knowledge of the subject. A)assumes B)assigns C)assures D)assembles The specialist recommended that the exact nature of the woman's illness should be kept _____ her. A)from B)away from C)back from D)to The introduction of fabrics made from rayon, nylon and other _____ fibers has made many changes in our civilization. A)magic B)arithmetic C)manufactured D)synthetic Having decided to go abroad, he at once set _____ fulfilling his business in China. A)down B)in C)about D)apart Even on weekend, Mrs. Watson prefers doing something _____ doing nothing. A)than B)to C)rather than D)instead of They were very disappointed _____ the findings of the Commission. A)from B)in C)on D)of I ordered a lockin amplifier two weeks ago, and I think it is _____ that I will have it before next Saturday. A)possible B)probable C)presumable D)likely Having published his first novel earlier this year, he is _____ starting in a new science fiction about traveling in space shuttle to the Mars. A)currently B)lately C)recently D)actually Though badly damaged by fire, the most famous castle in this country was eventually _____ to it′s original splendor. A)renewed B)repaired C)renovated D)restored Part Ⅱ Cloze Test Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A,B,C, and D) Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(10 points) ????It has been established beyond a shadow of doubt that readers in general waste a great deal of time and effort. Why is this so? Why is it that the poorest readers by whatever standard are often the ablest (41) people? Why is it that the majority of students have very little idea of how to tackle their reading? Why is it that a high (42) of readersnot excluding those (43) professional work involves a lot of readinguse a technique that is hardly more advanced than (44) they were children? ????Or why are there peopleto take an extreme but illuminating examplewho in conversation and discussion (45) sustain a difficult argument with ease and (46) Who as readers assimilate(吸收) only factual information, and (47) do that with difficulty, so that worthwhile books are virtually beyond them? In our opinion, reading (48) technical problems of communication that dispose the reader to use inappropriate methods of assimilation; this, and only (49) , can provide an adequate explanation of why readers (50) a class are so ineffcient. A)of B)with C)in D)among A)rate B)percentage C)number D)majority A)who B)whoever C)whose D)their A)since B)as C)when D)that A)would B)are going C)could D)will A)so B)therefore C)not yet D)nevertheless A)even B)even though C)such D)there is A)presence B)present C)presents D)presents with A)it B)this C)that D)in this way A)as B)like C)in D)form PART Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D) Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(30 points) Passage 1 ????A vast health checkup is now being conducted in the western Swedish province of Varmland with the use of an automated apparatus for highspeed multipleblood analyses. Developed by two brothers, the apparatus can process more than 4,000 blood samples a day, subjecting each to 10 or more tests. Automation has cut the cost of the analyses by about 90 per cent. ????The results so far have been astonishing, for hundreds of Swedes have learned that they have silent symptoms of disorders that neither they nor their physicians were aware of. Among them were irondeficiency anemia(贫血症).high blood pressure, heart attack and even diabetes(糖尿病). ????The automeated blood analysis apparatus was developed by Dr.Gunnar Jungner, 49yearold associate professor of clinical chemistry at Goteborg University, and his brother, Ingmar, 39, the physician in charge of the chemical central laboratory of Stockholm′s Hospital for Infectious Diseases.The idea was conceived 15 years ago when Dr. Gunnar Jungner was working as clinical chemist in northern Sweden and was asked by local physicians to devise a way of performing multiple analyses on a single blood sample. The design was ready in 1961. ????Consisting of calorimeters, pumps and other components, many of them American made, the Jungner apparatus was set up here in Stockholm.Samples from Varmland Province are drawn into the automated system at 90second intervals. The findings clatter forth in the form of numbers printed by an automatic typewriter. ????The Jungners predict that advance knowledge about a person′s potential ailments(疾病) made possible by the chemical screening process will result in considerable savings in hospital and other medical costs. Thus, they point out, the blood analyses will actually turn out to cost nothing. ????In the beginning, the automated blood analyses ran into considerable opposition from some physicians who had no faith in machines and saw no need for so many tests. Some laboratory technicians who saw their jobs threatened also protested. But the opposition is said to be warning. The results of the use of the jungner apparatus indicate that _____ . A)person may become aware of an ailment not previously detected B)blood diseases can be cured very easily C)practically all Swedish physicians have welcomed the invention D)only one analysis may be made at a time All of the following statements about automated blood analysis are true EXCEPT: _____ . A)the analysis is recorded in a permanent form B)the idea for the apparatus involved an international effort C)the system has met opposition from physicians and technicians D)the machine is more efficient than other types of analysis The main purpose of the passage is to _____ . A)predict the future of medical care B)describe a health checkup system C)warn about the dangers of undetected disease D)describe in detail the workings of a new machine Automation is viewed by the writer with _____ . A)indecision B)resentment C)favor D)indifference Passage 2 ????When, in the age of automation, man searches for a worker to do the tedious, unpleasant jobs that are impossible to mechanize, he may very profitably consider the ape. ????If we tackled the problem of breeding for brains with as much enthusiasm as we devote to breeding dogs of surrealistic shapes, we could eventually produce assorted(各式各样的) models of useful primates (灵长类), ranging in size from the gorilla down to the little African monkey, each adapted to a special kind of work. It is not putting too much strain on the imagination to assume that geneticists(遗传专家) could produce a superape, able to understand some scores of words, and capable of being trained for such jobs as picking fruit, cleaning up the litter in parks, shining shoes, collecting garbage, doing household chores, and even babysitting. ????Apes could do many jobs, such as cleaning streets and the more repetitive types of agricultural work, without supervision, though they might need protection from those nasty specimens of Homo sapiens who think it amusing to tease or bully anything they consider lower on the evolutionary ladder. For other tasks, such as delivering papers and laboring on the docks, our manape would have to work under human overseers; and, incidentally, I would love to see the finale of the twentyfirst century version of On the Waterfront in which the honest but hairy hero will drum on his chest after literally taking the wicked labor leader apart. ????Once a supply of nonhuman workers becomes available, a whole range of low IQ jobs could be thankfully relinquished(放弃) by mankind, to its great mental and physical advantage. What is more, one of the problems which has plagued so many fictional Utopias would be avoided. There would be none of the degradingly (劣货的) subhuman Epsilons(智力低下的人) of Huxley′s Brave New World to act as a permanent reproach(丢人现眼的人) to society, for there is a profound moral difference between breeding submen and superapes, though the end products are much the same. The first would introduce a form of slavery; the second would be a biological triumph which could benefit both men and animals. Until now, man has enthusiastically tackled the problems of _____ . A)breeding for brains B)breeding dogs of surrealistic shapes C)producing intelligent gorillas D)producing useful primates In the author′s opinion, the idea that geneticists could produce a superape is _____ . A)a strain on the imagination B)demonstrably true C)plausibl(似合理的) D)biologically impossible The author states that a supply of nonhuman workers for low IQ jobs world _____ . A)upset the nation′s economy B)benefit man mentally and physically C)be a disadvantage to many human workers D)enrage the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals The author of this article is _____ . A)merely attempting to be humorous B)revealing his low opinion of mankind C)expressing his doubts about the possibility of breeding a superape D)presenting a plausible theory in a humorous tone Passage 3 ????The atmosphere is a mixture of several gases. There are about ten chemical elements which remain permanently in gaseous form in the atmosphere under all natural conditions. of these permanent gases, oxygen makes up about 21 per cent and nitrogen about 78 per cent. Several other gases, such as argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, neon, krypton, and xenon, comprise the remaining one per cent of the volume of dry air. The amount of water vapor, and its variations in amount and distribution is of extraordinary importance in weather changes. Atmospheric gases hold in suspension great quantities of dust, pollen, smoke, and other impurities which are always present in considerable, but variable amounts. ????The atmosphere has no definite upper limits but gradually thins untill it becomes imperceptible(难以察觉的). Until recently it was assumed that the air above the first few miles gradually grew thiner and colder at a constant rate. It was also assumed that upper air had little influence on weather changes. Recent studies of the upper atmosphere, currently being conducted by earth satellites and missile probings(探查), have shown these assumptions to be incorrect. The atmosphere has three welldefined strata(层). ????The layer of the air next to the earth, which extends upward for about ten miles, is known as the troposphere(对流层).On the whole, it makes up about 75 per cent of all the weight of the atmosphere. It is the warmest part of the atmosphre because most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the earth's surface which warms the air immediately surrounding it. A steady decrease of temperature with increasing elevation is a most striking characteristic. The upper layers are colder because of their greater distance from the earth's surface and rapid radiation of heat into space. The temperatures within the troposphere decrease about 3.5 degrees per 1,000 feet increase in altitude. Within the troposphere, winds and air currents distribute heat and moisture. Strong winds called jet streams, are located at the upper levels of the troposphere. These jet streams are both complex and widespread in occurrence. They normally show a waveshaped pattern and move from west to east at velocities of 150 mph, but velocities as high as 400 mph have been noted. The influences of changing locations and strengths of jet streams upon weather conditions and patterns are no doubt considerable. Current intensive research may eventually reveal their true significance. ????Above the troposphere to a height of about 50 miles is a zone called the stratosphere(同温层).The stratosphere is separated from the troposphere by a zone of uniform temperatures called the tropopause. Within the lower portion of the stratosphere is a layer of ozone(臭氧) gases which filters out most of the ultraviolet rays from the sun. The ozone layer varies with air pressure. If this zone were not there, the full blast of the sun's ultraviolet light would burn our skins, blind our eyes, and eventually result in our destruction. Within the stratosphere, the temperature and atmospheric composition are relatively uniform. ????The layer upward of about 50 miles is the most fascinating but the least known of th three strata. It is called the ionosphere because it consists of electrically charged particles called ions, thrown from the sun. The northern lights (aurora borealis) originates within this highly charged portion of the atmosphere. Its effect upon weather conditions if any, is as yet, unknown. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _____ . A)The Makeup of the Atmosphere B)Studying the Atmosphere C)Atmosphere and Weather D)Temperature in the Stratosphere Studies in the stratosphere have been made possible by _____ . A)weather balloons B)meteorologists C)jet planes D)earth satellits The troposphere is the warmest part of the atmosphere because it _____ . A)is warmed by the earth's heat B)contains electrically charged particles C)radiates heat into space D)has winds and air current that distribute the heat Studies of the atmosphere may reveal _____ . A)the secrets of life B)its true effect upon the earth's weather C)the source of the sun's energy D)how to control ultraviolet rays Passage 4 ????The world has spent on preparations for war more than $112 billion a year, roughly $450 per head for every man, woman, and child in the world. Let us consider for a moment what could be done with this sum of money if it were spent on peace and not on war. Some of it, at any rate, in the more prosperous countries, could be spent on the reduction of taxation. The rest should be spent in ways that will, at the same time, be of benefit to mankind and a solution to the economic problem of conversion from war industry to the expansion of peace industries. As to this expansion, let us begin with the most elementary of all needs, namely, food. At present, the majority of mankind suffers from undernourishment, and, in view of the population explosion, this situation is likely to grow worse in coming decades. A very small part of what is now being spent upon armaments would rectify our predicament(处境).Not only could the American surplus of grain, which was for many years uselessly destroyed, be spent in relief of famine, but, by irrigation, large regions now desert could be made fertile, and, by improvement in transport, distribution from regions of excess to regions of scarcity could be facilitated. ????Housing, even in the richest countries, is often disastrously inadequate. This could be remedied by a tiny fraction of what is being spent on missiles. Education everywhere, but especially in the newly liberated countries of Africa and Asia, demands an expenditure many times as great as that which it receives at present. But it is not only greater expenditure that is needed in education. If the terror of war were removed, science could be devoted to improving human welfare, instead of to the invention of increasingly expensive methods of mutual slaughter, and schools would no longer think it a part of their duty to promote haterd of possible enemies by means of ignorance tempered by lies. ????By the help of modern techniques, the world could enter upon a period of happiness and prosperity far surpassing anything known in previous history. All this is possible. It requires only a different outlook on international affairs and a different state of mind toward those nations which are now regarded as enemies. This is possible, I repeat, but it cannot be done all at once. To reverse the trend of affairs in the most powerful nations of the world is no light task and will require a difficult process of reeducation. By diverting some or all of the money spent on preparations for war to peaceful purposes, all of the following benefits would occur EXCEPT _____ . A)taxes would be reduced B)education could be improved C)the population explosion could be controlled D)better housing could be provided Schools at the present time often have to make use of _____ . A)inadequaie funds B)untrained teachers C)poor buildings D)lies in order to promote hatred of possible enemies The problem of undernourishment will become more critical because _____ . A)America destroys its surplus goods B)there is inadequate shipping C)of the population explosion D)of lack of irrigation The adjective that best describes this author is _____ . A)humorous B)realistic C)utopian D)radical Passage 5 ????Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. ????“The burnt child fears the fire” is one instance; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from expericnce.In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indircct and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated(灌输；教训) largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read. ????The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect. ????Another reason it is true is that pupils often delve(钻研) somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowlcdge of Mcxico.his tcacher′s method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans. ????The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities),science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom… these are a few of the fertile flelds for the inculcation(反复灌输) of proper emotional reactions. ????However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper; effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences. ????To illustrate, firstgrade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older childrce can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and allday trips. ????Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious(对身心有害的) if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be cncouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts. The central idea conveyed in the above passage is that _____ . A)attitudes affect our actions B)teachers play a significant role in developing or changing pupils′ attitudes C)attitudes can be changed by some classroom cxperiences. D)by their attitudes, teachers inadvertently affect pupils′ attitudes. The author implies that _____ . A)the teacher should guide all discussions by revealing her own attitude B)in some aspects of social studies a greater variety of methods can be used in the upper grades than in the lower grades C)people usually act on the basis of reasoning rather than on emotion D)children′s attitudes often come from those of other children A statement not made or implied in the passage is that _____ . A)attitudes can be based on the learning of falsehoods B)a child can develop in the classroom an attitude about the importance of brushing his teeth C)attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lectures D)the attitudes of elementary schoolaged children are influenced primarily by the way they were treated as infants The passage specifically states that _____ . A)direct experiences are more valuable than indirect ones B)whatever attitudes a child learns in school have already been introduced at home. C)teachers should always conceal their own attitudes. D)teachers can sometimes have an unwholesome. influence on children Part Ⅳ EnglishChinese Translation Directions: Read the follwing passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points) ???? (71) Computer programmers often remark that computing machines, with a perfect lack of discrimination, will do any foolish thing they are told to do. The reason for this lies, of course, in the narrow fixation of the computing machine′s “intelligence” on the details of its own perceptions - its inability to be guided by any large context. In a psychological description of the computer intelligence, three related adjectives come to mind;singleminded, literalminded and simpleminded. Recognizing this, we should at the same time recognize that this singlemindedness, literalmindedness, and simplemindedness also characterize theoretical mathematics, though to a lesser extent. ????(72) Since science tries to deal with reality, even the most precise sciences normally work with more or less imperfectly understood approximations toward which scientists must maintain an appropriate skepticism. Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole(偶极子),and relativistic effects; and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field theoretical equations.(73) Physicists, looking at the original Schrodinger equation, learn to sense in it the presence of many invisible terms in addition to the terms visible,and this sense inspires an entirely appropriate disregard for the purely technical features of the equation. This very healthy skepticism is foreign to the mathematical approach. ????Mathematics must deal with welldefined situations. Thus, mathematicians depend on an intellectual effort outside of mathematics for the crucial specification of the approximation that mathematics is to take literally (74) Give mathematicians a situation that is the least bit illdefined, and they will make it welldefined, perhaps approximately, but perhaps inappropriately. In some cases, the mathematicians′ literalmindedness may have unfortunate consequences. The mathematicians turn the scientists′ theoretical assumptions, that is, their convenient points of analytical emphasis, into axioms, and then take these axioms literally. This brings the danger that they may also persuade the scientists to take these axioms literally. The question, central to the scientific investigation but intensely disturbing in the mathematical context-what happens if the axioms are relaxed?-is thereby ignored. ????(75) The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under perturbations of its underlying assumptions. PartⅤ Writing (15 points) Directions: A)Title:ONE COUNTRY WITH TWO SYSTEMS B)Time limit:40 minutes C)Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence) D)Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence:“The homecoming of Hong Kong is universally accepted as one of the most important events in the 20th century.” E)Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET OUTLINE 1.Introduction of onecountrytwosystem policy 2.The political and economical successes in Hong Kong 3.Bright prosepcts of the policy for China 研究生入学考试模拟英语试题[8] Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A(1-10) DCCDBDCADC Section B(11-20) 正 确 答 案 为：A 改 为: thrilling 正 确 答 案 为：D 改 为: in any other time 正 确 答 案 为：B 改 为: calls for 正 确 答 案 为：D 改 为: worth living 正 确 答 案 为：D 改 为: acting on it 正 确 答 案 为：B 改 为: a puzzle 正 确 答 案 为：C 改 为: the rest 正 确 答 案 为：C 改 为: is much 正 确 答 案 为：A 改 为: sandyhaired girl 正 确 答 案 为：C 改 为: was Section C(21-40) BDBAACBABCDACDCBBBAD Part II Cloze Test(41-50) ABCCDDACBA Part III Reading Comprehension(51-70) ABBCDCBDCDDBCDCBBBDD Part IV EnglishChinese Translation 计算机程序员们常说计算机器会不折不扣地去执行让它们干任何蠢事的命令。 科学试图研究真实事物，即使最精确学科的研究通常都仅是多多少少欠完美的近似，对此，科学工作者必须持应有的批判态度。 对待薛定鄂方程，物理学家除了理解方程中每一项的物理意义，还学会体察到方程中许多未写出的项，而这种感觉会促使他们十分合理地无视该方程纯技术特性。 如果向数学家提出一个研究课题，哪怕存在极微小的非严格定义之处，他们肯定会用或许适当，或许不适当的方式使之完全严格界定。 物理学家有理由惧怕精确论证，因为仅在精确条件下成立的理论在条件稍有变化时将会完全失去正确性，而建立在不那么精确条件下的理论，当条件受微扰而稍有变化时，将仍不失其可靠性。