模拟试题[1]  Simulated Test [PREVIOUS] [NEXT] Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points) Mr.Jones, I am really pleased _____ you. And I hope we will be able to see each other in not long time. A) to meet B) to have met C) at meeting D) having met The two astronauts _____ someday hope it is to fly the craft into earth orbit were fighttesting. A) that B) whom C) whose D) who The meeting _____ in October, but the plan has been put off again and again. A) was to have been held B) ought to have held C) was to be held D) must have been held It's true that the old road is less direct and a bit bumpy. We won't take the new one _____ because we feel as safe on it. A) however B) though C) nevertheless D) whatsoever Every device _____ in the spacecraft must be designed and made with great care so as to be sure that nothing goes wrong in operation. A) to be fitted B) fitted C) fitting D) to have been fitted There are many kinds of synthetic materials, _____ plastics are the most common. A) between which B) of which C) in which D) among which I don't believe you are going to have the matter looked into today, _____? A) are you B) do you C) aren't you D) don't you _____ that a society like the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to children is still needed in a civilized country. A) How does it come B) How it comes C) How did it come about D) How did it come When we encounter more difficulties, we should be more spirited, and we should be more courageous _____. A) the more danger we are in B) the more in danger we are C) we are in more danger D) we are in danger more While the total number of farmers engaged in the agriculture production is barely half _____ it used to be in 1959, the size of the average farm has tripled. A) that B) what C) which D) how Section B Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D)Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5 points) I often wonder(A) what(B) my life would be like if I didn't go(C) to the beach that afternoon when I was 14(D). After teaching(A) in Renmin University's MBA center for five years, I come(B) to realize that even if(C) political and economic barriers are overcome(D) a major hurdle remains - culture!. Since the United States and Canada academic exchanges(A) in 1979, colleges sand universities in America have responded with(B) great enthusiasm, as(C) has(D) their counterparts from the PRC. Many young consumers do not have(A) steady incomes, so(B) they might have difficulty to borrow(C) money from an agency in business to make loans(D). I cannot come to your dinner party tonight. I was(A) really glad to(B), but I have(C) a precious engagement(D). Panic increased the(A) number of casualties as people jumped into the frozen(B) water or fought to be(C) among the few to board(D) the lifeboats. He often advised Tom not to(A) smoke more cigarettes than is(B) good for(C) his health, but all his efforts ended in vain(D). Change purse, cosmetics, and whatever(A) a woman thinks has(B) to carry, I hide in(C) several paper bags in a see-through(D) shopping bag. There is always resistance to the idea that(A) it is because the birth rate fell earlier in western and nothwestern Europe than elsewhere(B), rather than because(C) if any change in the death rate, which(D) a nation has grown so old. I'll be much obliged(A) if you will be(B) so kind enough(C) as to make suggestions as to(D) how we may improve our work. Section C Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) To acquire education is principal way of gaining status in a culture that generally stresses achievement, skillfulness, and upward _____. A)mobility B)motivation C)ambition D)promotion In order to convince the director to agree on their plan, they _____ a number of reports which supported their argument. A)brought out B)brought forth C)call forth D)put forward These young people have much to be dissastisfied with, and they sometimes do _____, but on the whole they study hard, knowing the problems the states is facing. A)grumble B)frustrate C)frown D)perplex Members of the party all appreciate Jackson's wanting to help them _____ their difficulties. A)come over B)tide over C)take over D)smooth over I have offered a prediction that the reforms run a very high risk of being _____ by a general collapse of confidence in the ruble. A)set back B)let down C)hold back D)run down This apartment could _____ a family of ten in a minimal space by using sofas，and dual-purpose furniture，all built－in. A)reside B)possess C)embrace D)accommodate All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully _____ the risks and benefits. A)weighing B)valuing C)evaluating D)distinguisting If English is not our first language you can often be puzzled by ways of expression that the native speakers of English does not even have to _____ . A)think out B)think about C)think over D)think for The bond of true affection had pulled us six very different men from six very different countries across Antarctica；we proved in the end that we weren't very different _____ . A)for all B)as usual C)after all D)in particular No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country. _____ is this more true than in Europe. A)Hardly B)Little C)Seldom D)Nowhere That summer I drove west with a friend，and we _____ a little money doing odd jobs and as much as possible visited his relatives. A)picked up B)stepped up C)put aside D)set aside The body apparently resents being dosed with unusual amounts of a vitamin or mineral and its first _____ is to excrete them. A)reaction B)impulse C)response D)instinct It is true that there are still abundant reserves of metals which have not yet been _____ ，but it is necessary to take steps to ensure that alternative materiasls are substituted whenever possible. A)utilized B)mobilized C)acquired D)cultivated Researchers _____ that genes may determine the strength of the immune system，which could help explain how an infectious disease could have a hereditary link. A)speculate B)estimate C)evaluate D)anticipate She had on the dress that I used to admire more than anything else in her possession a light blue one _____ prettily with lace. A)ornamented B)trimmed C)furnished D)decorated In a sense，tennis and Taijiquan are similar in that they both require your full attention，and if done _____ ，take your mind off daily problems and preoccupations. A)successfully B)consecutively C)conscientiously D)compulsorily Such apartments as she saw were either disgustingly dirty or _____ dear,or both. A)exceedingly B)substantially C)unaccountably D)excessively Deprived of the financial means to remain independent，Thomas Edison was compelled to _____ employment as a night telephone operator. A)obtain B)chase C)explore D)seek Under her administration，claim the critics， _____ high－rise construction has destroyed the character of the city's downtown，darkening its streets and driving business. A)rapid B)rampant C)speedy D)random When the tank can carrying poisonous gas ran off the rails，the firemen tried to _____ the village from all traffic. A)dismiss B)insulate C)isolate D)expel Part Ⅱ Cloze Test Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D) Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) ????Throughout history, gold has been a precious material, eagerly sought and cherished. It was probably the first metal to be 41 because it is beautiful and imperishable, and because beautiful objects can be made from it even with 42 tools. However, the amount of gold known to ancient peoples probably 43 not much more than the amount produced each year by the world's largest gold mine in South Africa. ????The intrinsic value of gold has always been known, even before gold was used in coinage. It 44 the only universally recognized standard of value in international monetary 45 .Most of the world's 46 gold is absorbed by governments and central banks to provide backing for paper 47 ,but the amount of gold used in the arts and in industry is 48 .In 49 to its use for jewelry,decorative finishes,and dentistry, its special properties have 50 many applications in modern science and technology. 41.A)mined B)discovered C)purchased D)manufactured 42.A)delicate B)primitive C)sophisticated D)ingenious 43.A)added B)summed C)amounted D)totalled 44.A)remains B)is remained C)remains as D)remains of 45.A)exchange B)exhibition C)expedition D)excursion 46.A)reformed B)refined C)resolved D)reclaimed 47.A)production B)currency C)replacement D)distribution 48.A)stabilizing B)decreasing C)increasing D)recovering 49.A)comparison B)compensation C)standardization D)addition 50.A)drawn from B)derived from C)led to D)resorted to Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D)Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.（40 points） Passage 1 ????The full influence of mechanization began shortly after 1850, when a variety of machines came rapidly into use. The introduction of these machines frequently created rebellions by workers who were fearful that the machines would rob them of their work. Patrick Bell, in Scotland, and Cyrus McCormick, in United States, produced threshing machines. Ingrnious improvements were made in plows to compensate for different soil types. Stream power came into use in 1860s on large farms. Hay rakes, hay-loaders, and various special harvesting mechines were produced. Milking machines appeared. The internal-combustion engine run by gasline became the chief power source for the farm. ????In time, the number of certain farm machines that came into use skyrocketed and changed the nuture of farming. Between 1940 and 1960, for example, 12 million horses and mules gave way to 5 million tractors. Tractors offer many features that are attractive to farmers. There are, for example, numerous attachments: cultivators that can penetrate the soil to varying depths, rotary hoes that chop needs; spray devices that can spray pesticides in bands 100 feet across, and many others. ????A piece of equipment has now been invented or adapted for virtually every laborious hand or animal operation on the farm. In the United States, for example, cotton, tobacco, hay, and grain are planted, treated for pests and diseases, fertilized, cultivated and harvested by machine. Large devices shake fruit and nut from trees, grain and blend feed, and dry grain and hay. Equipment is now available to put just the right amount of fertilizer in just the right place, to spray an exact row width, and to count out, space, and plant just the right number of seeds for a row. ????Mechanization is not used in agriculture in many parts of Latin America, Africa. Agriculture innovation is accepted fastest where agriculture is already profitable and progressive. Some mechanization has reached the level of plantation agriculture ub parts of the tropics, but even today much of that land us laboriously worked by people leading draft animals pulling primitive plows. ????The problems of mechanization some areas are not only cultural in nature. For examples, tropical soils and crops differ markedly from those in temperate areas that the machines are designed for, so adaptations have to be made. But the greatest obstacle to machanization is the fear in underdeveloped countried that the workers who are displaced by machines would not find work elsewhere. Introducing mechanization into such areas requires careful planning. The first paragraph uses several examples to convey the ideas that _____ . A) the introduction of machines into agricultural work created rebellions on the part of the farmers B) the use of internal-combustion engine as a shief power source for the farm produced great influence C) the mechanization of agricultural work after 1850 gradually robbed many farmers of their work D) ingenious improvements were made in farming machines in the 1860s to yield production In the first sentence of the second paragraph，the word“skyrocketed”most probably means _____ . A)became various B)was updated C)increased rapidly D)remained the same In the tropical areas， _____ . A)mechanization is not yet used in agriculture B)agriculture is accepted fastest C)a lot of farm work is still done in the old way D)mechanization is avoided to save primitive forest By saying that“the problems of mechanizing some areas are not only cultural in nature，the author means _____ . A)mechanization is not yet introduced in some areas for economic reasons B)human and animal labour in some areas are less expensive C)culture is not a factor in obstacling the introduction of mechanization D)different kinds of mechanized farming tools are used in different cultures Passage 2 ????Advertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to persuade ohers to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can perform. ????But the mass production of goods resulting from the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century made person-to-person selling less effucuent than it previously was for most products. The mass distribution of goods that followed the development of rail and highway systems made person-to-person selling too slow and expensive for almost all companies. At the same time, however, a growth in mass communication occurred first in newspapers and magzines, than radio and television that made mass selling possible. Advertising, then, is merely selling or selemanship functioning in the paid space or time of various mass communication media. ????The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best interests to take an action the advertiser is recommending. The action may be to purchase a product, go to a showroom to try the product, use a service, vote for political candidate, make a contribution, or even to join the army. Like any personal salesperson, the advertisement tries to persuade. The decision is the prospect's. ????While advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer ass well. Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far less than one sold through personal salespeople advertising brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advertising pays for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost publishing magzines and newspapers. Persontoperson sale failed to meet the need _____ . A)when the Industrial Revolution started B)when goods began to be produced in great quantities C)because trains replaced men in carrying goods around D)as attention was shifted from distribution to production From the last sentence of the second paragraph we learn _____ . A) advertising is no different from person-to-person selling in substance B) advertising extends sales promotion to a larger area C) advertising has greatly improved the production of goods D) it is very expansive to advertises a new product By saying that“the decision is the prospect's”，the author means _____ . A) advertisement often persuades people to buy what they don't really want B) advertisement can never really influence people's ability to decide C) whether to buy an advertised product is up to the would-be customer D) the effect of an advertisement on the public is difficult to determine The last paragraph is mainly about _____ . A)the cost of advertising a product B)the effect of advertisement on people's lives C)the benefits advertisement brings D)various media for advertising products Passage 3 ????Historians may well look back on the 1980s in the United States as a time of rising affluence sidebyside with rising poverty. The growth in affluence is attributable to an increase in professional and technical jobs, along with more twocareer couples whose combined incomes provide a “comfortable living”.Yet simultaneously, the nation's poverty rate rose between 1973 and 1983 from 11.1 percent of the population to 15.2,or by well over a third. Although the poverty rate declined somewhat after 1983, it was still held at 13.5 percent in 1987, comprising a population of 32.5 million Americans. ????The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, a group of English magistrates decided that a minimum income should be “the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for each dependent”.Today the Census Bureau defines the threshold of poverty in the United States as the minimum amount of money that families need to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use onethird of their income for food. Using this definition, roughly half the American population was poor in the aftermath of the Great Depression of the 1930s. By 1950, the proportion of the poor had fallen to 30 percent and by 1964, to 20 percent. With the adoption of the Johnson administration's antipoverty programs, the poverty rate dropped to 12 percent in 1969.But since then, it has stopped falling. Liberals contend that the poverty line is too low because it fails to take into account changes in the standard of living. Conservatives say that it is too high because the poor receive other forms of public assistance, including food stamps, public housing subsidies, and health care. In which of the following years did the poor people constitute the largest proportion of the American population? A)1973 B)1987 C)1969 D)1983 It can be inferred that poverty _____ . A)is defined very concretely in every period B)is difficult to define in specific terms C)is defined in material terms D)is defined according to the standard of each decade Those who consider the poverty line high points out that _____ . A)the poor people enjoy other benefits B)the society as a whole is not welloff C)the poor people may conceal their real income D)the poor people need less money to support themselves In the eighties, the Americans as a whole _____ . A)became richer B)became poorer C)lived a poorer life than in the seventies D)needed more jobs to support their families Passage 4 ????The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid.The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone's expenience in the organization. ????Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subjest of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT & T, Coca Cola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what he's seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for longterm career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%; image,30%; and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases,it won't secure you the big promotion. ????He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are. ????Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales have dropped from their eyes. “Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs,”says Kaleel Jamison, a New Yorkbased management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. “They think that if you work hard, you'll get ahead that soneone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion.” She added, “Most women and blacks are so fightened that people will think they've gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility.” Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight. According to the passage，“things formerly judged to be best left unsaid”（Para.1）probably refers to“ _____ ”. A)the opinions which contradict the established beliefs B)criticisms that shape everyone's experience C)the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eye D)the ideas which usually come up with new ways of management in the organization To achieve success in your career，the most important factor，according to the passage，is to _____ . A)work as a consultant to your superiors B)project a favorable image to the people around you C) let your superiors know how good you are D)perform well your tasks given by your superiors The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they _____ . A)know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotion B)don't want people to think that their promotions were due to sex or color C)don't want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefs D)believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color The best title for this passage would be _____ . A)The Importance of Being Visible B)Role of Women and Minorities in Management C)Job Performance and Advancement D)Sex and Career Success Passage 5 ???? I came to live here where I am now between Wounded Knee Creek and Grass Creek. Others came too, and we made there little gray houses of logs that you see, and they are square. It is a bad way to live, for there can be no power in a square. ????You have noticed that everything an Indian does is in a circle, and that is because the Power of the World always works in circles, and everything tries to be round. In the old days when we were a strong and happy people, all our power came to us from the sacred hoop of the nation, and so long as the hoop was unbroken, the people flourished.The flowering tree was the living center of the hoop, and the circle of the four quarters nourished it .The east gave peace and light, the south gave warmth, the west gave rain, and the north with its cold and mighty wind gave strength and endurance. This knowledge came to us from the outer world with our religion. ????Everything the Power of the World does is done in a circle. The sky is round, and I have heard that the earth is round like a ball, and so are all the stars. The wind, in its greatest power, whirls. Birds make their nests in circles, for theirs is the same religion as ours. The sun comes forth and goes down again in a circle. The moon does the same, and both are round. Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing, and always come back again to where they were. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood, and so it is in everything where power moves. Our tepees were round like the nests of birds, and these were always set in a circle, the nation's hoop, a nest of many nests,where the Great Spirit meant for us to hatch our children. ????But the Wasichus have put us in these square boxes. Our power is gone and we are dying, for the power is not in us any more. You can look at our boys and see how it is with us. When we were living by the power of the circle in the way we should, boys were men at twelve or thirteen years of age. But now it takes them very much longer to mature. From the passage, we can see that the Indians _____ . A)don't have modern facilities in their homes B)are content to live where they are C)are strongly dissatisfied with their present status D)are demanding better housing conditions To the narrator, roundness stands for _____ . A)a future better life B)the past glorious life C)the past achievements of the Indians D)nature around the Indians In the third sentence of paragraph 2,the “four quarters”refers to _____ . A)the four corners of the Indians' houses B)the four elements that are believed to make up everything C)the four seasons D)the four directions In the first sentence of paragraph 4, “Wasichus” probably refers to _____ . A)the Indian's enemies B)the white men C)the Great Spirit D)the Power of the World Part IV EnglishChinese Translation Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points) ????There's a lot of information technology packed between the leather cheeks of your wallet cheque cards，credit cards，travel cards，phone cards.（71） The world of finance in particular has come up with numerous devices that have made their way into our back pocket－to make it easier to spend，but，just as important，to keep track .The number of financial transactions in the UK has risen enormously in recent years.Excluding small daily cash deals，there are now more than 1000 transactions per person annually.（72） And for every one a record must be made of the sum，the parties involved and the purpose. ????73） Plastic money is big business：there are more than 420 million Visa cards alone on the planet,worth something in the region of &700 billion,and the total of plastic transactions is expected to reach &4.8 billion in Britain by the end of the century. Common to all cards is that they are made of PVC（plastic）and have ferro－magnetic strip on the back－the same stuff as video tape.On most strips，information（such as the current account number）is encoded by laser on two or three tracks.（74） What is never recorded on the strip is the PIN（personal identification number）－the holder's secret password for withdrawing money. ????75） When a card is placed in an ATM，a motorized reader scans the magnetic strip，requests the user's PIN，checks the balance and，all being well，dispenses the cash. If the user enters three wrong PINs，the card is retained and recorded stolen. ????As today's technology goes，the magnetic strip that allows all this to happen is pretty primitive：OK for travel cards and season tickets，but not a reliable anti－security measure.It can be read by simple scanning machines that can be bought over the counter at electronic stores. ????With the introduction of smart cards and electronic money，security will cease to be a problem－at least for a while －and all other cards will be irrelevant.The wallet of the future may be slimmer，but the data in it will be denser than ever. Part V Writing (15 points) Directions： A)Title: On TV Viewing B)You should write an essay on the outline below in no less than 150 words. C)Your essay should be written on Answer Sheet II Outlines： 1.Advantasges of TV Viewing 2.Disadvantasges of TV Viewing 3.Your comments on it. 研究生入学考试模拟英语试题[1]讲评： [词汇与结构] [完型填空] [阅读理解] [英译汉] [写作] Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A (B) 从句意看， 是两人在分手以前说的话，表明会晤已经结束，因此应用完成式；to be pleased／happy／glad(to do sth.)要求用不定式作状语。只有B为正确答案。I am pleased to meet you是初次见面经过介绍后的寒暄用语，注意与题句的区别。 (C) whose在从句中作定语，相当于…it is(their hope)／the hope of the two astronauts to fly…。 (A) 此题可以从两方面分析。第一，句子的主语是meeting，与“举行”hold之间是受动关系，应为被动结构，据此，B可以排除。第二，此句是含蓄虚拟条件句，转折连词but引导的分句暗示“会议没有开成”，而是“一次又一次地延期”，was to have done结构表示与过去事实相反的含义，因此，A为正确答案。to be to do sth.可以表示“计划”、“安排”等意义，但不表示虚拟即没有实现的计划、安排，所以C是错的。D.must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，显然与句意不符。 (B) though在此处是副词，意为“可是”、“不过”、“然而”，一般用在句尾，而however，nevertheless多用在句首或句中，从词的使用位置上看A、C便是错误的。另外，nevertheless表示让步意义，用在句中语义上不通。whatsoever是whatever的强调形式，意为“任何的”，放在所修饰的词之后，但句子中已说明是new one(road)，可见不是“任何的(路)”，D也是错误的。 (A) 此处用不定式是指“(将)要装配在宇宙飞船上的每个器械必须精心设计制做……”，我们知道不定式与动名词的区别之一是不定式表示即将实现的动作，而动名词可以表示已实现的动作。另外不定式在句中作device的定语，与它的关系是受动，所以C是错误的。fitted是过去分词，作后置定语时表示一种状态，与句意不符。如果选D，那么句子前后矛盾，因为后半句说明对器械的设计和制做还没有进行，装配怎么可能已经完成了呢？所以D是错误的。 (D) 关系代词which替代的是synthetic materials，实际上要求选择的是介词。between指两者之间，而句子中是many kinds，of在与形容词最高级连用表示比较范围时，多用于all等确定的范围，如of all the synthetic materials，plastics are the most common,而句中的many 是个不确定的概念。in在表示比较范围时，后接的名词多有整体范围的含义，试比较：He is the best student in his class. He is the best student of the three . among“在……当中”，相当于…plastics are the most common among sythetic materials。 (A) 在I think (believe，suppose)等表示主观意念、看法的句型中，结构上要求从句谓语的否定要转移至主句中，所以I don't believe you are going to…相当于I believe you are not going to…，而附加疑问句要在意义上而不是在结构上与主句一致。因此选A不能选B或C。 (A) 首先应分析出句子的时态环境是现在时，所以应排除B、D。此句是疑问句，应将助动词does移至主语前，构成疑问句结构，因此只有A为正确答案。it是形式主语，that从句是实际主语。how does it come…意为“……怎么会……”。 (B) 句子要填充的部分是the more…“越……越……”结构，the more在本句中修饰的是in danger，意为“越是处于危险状况(越应该勇敢)”。其他几个选择项都是错误的。 (B) …half what it used to be 相当于half the number that it used to be，what既代替先行词the number又引导一个从句，其他几个选择项均没有这个功能。 Section B (C)错,应改为hadn't gone if引导的是假设条件句，动作又发生在过去(我十四岁时)，所以应用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构hadn't gone。 (B)错,应改为have come 改为现在完成时，表示“在人民大学MBA中心教了五年书”这一经历对现在产生的影响、结果。A中teaching可以不用having taught形式，因为after一词本身有“以后”的含义，没有错。 (D)错,应改为have 题句的错误设置涉及主谓一致的问题。as引导的比较从句中主语是counterparts复数形式，因此谓语也应采用相应的复数形式have。注意：比较从句中如果主语是名词短语，经常采用主谓倒装结构，尤其为主语较长时(如题句)，更是如此。例如：He contributed more to his country than did any of his contemporaries. (C)错,应改为borrowing have difficulty／problem／trouble doing sth.是一个固定用法，只能接动名词，不能接不定式。 (A)错,应改成would be 题句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，第一句已经明确说明“我不能去赴晚宴”，接下来应理解为：“要能去的话我当然很高兴了，但是……”。but一词的转折含义实际上否定了前半句的内容，即“去不了”，所以A是错的。另外，句子说的是现在的情况，was从时态上理解也不对。 (B)错,应改成freezing freezing此处意为“冰冷的”，而过去分词frozen表示一种状态“冰冻的”，显然是不能“跳入结冰的水中”，不符合逻辑，因为frozen water的含义是“水冻成了冰”。 (B)错,应改成are 比较从句中主语cigarettes为复数，这里省略了，所以谓语应用are，与主语在数上保持一致。关于比较句中主语的省略，请看下例： He said that the situation there was not so bad as(the situation)had been painted. (B)错,应改成she has she在think后接的宾语从句中作主语，是不能省略的，否则结构上是错误的。 (D)错,应改成that 这是一个there be句型句子，主语是resistance to the idea，that从句是idea的同位语从句。其中it is…that…是强调句型，因为强调的内容较长，故用了一个逗号，切不可将后半部分理解为限定性定语从句。 (C)错,应改成so kind，去掉enough 此处是so as to do sth. 结构。也可以用…kind enough to make suggestions…。 Section C (A) mobilty在句中指“(在社会地位方面的)变动性”。motivation“动机”；ambition“上进心”、“进取”；promotion“提升”、“晋职”。句意为：“在一个重视成就、技能和社会地位的文化中，接受教育是获取地位的主要途径。”ambition和promotion本身含有upward的意思，用在句中不合适。 (B) bring forth“提出”；bring out“使显出”；call forth“唤起”；put forward“提出(建议、意见、理论)”，一般不与report构成动宾语义结构。 (A) grumble“抱怨”，与complain同义；frustrate“挫败”、“使感到灰心”，如果用被动语态be frustrated还讲得通；frown“皱眉”；perplex“迷惑不解”。 (B) tide over“渡过困难关”、“克服(困难)”；come over“过来”，注意不要与overcome混淆；take over“接管”；smooth over“平息”、“掩饰”。 (A) set back“阻碍”、“推迟”、“延缓”；let down“放下”、“降低”、“使失望”；hold back“阻止”、“抑制”，用在句中形式不对，应是过去分词held back；run down“撞倒”、“追捕”。 (D) accommodate“为……提供住宿”；reside“居住”，是非及物动词；possess“拥有、占有”；embrace“拥抱”、“包含”。 (A) weigh在句中的意思是“权衡(利弊)”；value“评价”、“估价”；evaluate“估价”、“评价”；distinguish“区别开”，常接between或distinguish…from…。 (B) think about：exercise the power of thought“思考、考虑”；think over：reflect on，ponder“仔细考虑”；think out：subject to the process of logical thought in order to reach a conclusion“通过思考把……理出个头绪，想出……”；think for不是固定搭配。根据句意“……讲母语的人根本不用想就会用的表达方式”应选think about。 (C) after all“到底”、“毕竟”；for all“尽管”，引导表示让步的词组或句子不出现在句尾；as usual“照例”；in particular“尤其”。按句意“……最终证明我们毕竟没有什么不同”，应选after all。 (D) 题句中第二个句子是倒装句，由否定词置于句首引起。主语为this，正常语序为this is more true nowhere than in Europe。因为是两个地点相比较，所以应选择能够表示地点的词nowhere。 (A) pick up：get in a casual manler“无意地得到”，pick up a little money doing odd jobs“靠做零工弄到点钱”；step up“加紧”；put aside“储存”；set aside“留出”，这两个词组虽然都可以和money连在一起使用，但从全句的角度去理解是不合适的。 (B) impulse“冲动”；reaction“反应”；response“回答”、“响应”；instinct“本能”。 (A) utilize“利用”；mobilize“动员”；acquire“获得”，acquire knowledge(education)，不说acquire reserves；cultivate“培植”、“培育”。 (A) speculate“推测、推断”；estimate“估计”；evaluate“评估”、“评价”；anticipate“预期”、“预料”。 (B) trim“装饰”、“点缀”，trim a dress with lace“给衣服饰花边”；ornament“装饰”、“美化”，ornament a hall with paintings“用画装饰大厅”，ornament用在题句中意思没有trim贴切；furnish“布置(房屋)”；decorate“装璜”。 (C) conscientiously“认真”、“一丝不苟地”；consecutively“连续地”、“连贯地”；successfully“成功地”；compulsorily“强制地”。句中前部分已有require your full attention，所以应用conscientiously“认认真真专心地做才能使大脑摆脱日常烦恼和思考”。 (C) unaccountably dear“极其昂贵(贵得无法计算)”；exceedingly，excessively“极其昂贵”、“过分地”；substantially“实质性地”。这几个词习惯上不用来修饰dear。 (D) seek employment“找工作”、“谋职”；obtain“获得”，是寻找的结果；chase“追逐”、“追求”；explore“探索”、“探究”。 (B) rampant“不能控制的”；rapid，speedy“迅速的”，迅速建造高层楼房并不一定会破坏城市的特色，用在句中意思不够准确；random“胡乱的”、“任意的”。 (C) isolate“隔离”、“分开”；dismiss“解散”、“解雇”；insulate“隔离”、“绝缘”；expel“驱逐”、“排出”。 Part Ⅱ Cloze Test 短文大意：由于黄金色泽美丽和不易损坏的特点，它一直是人们寻找并珍藏的宝贵物质。在被用来铸币之前，人们就已了解了黄金自身的价值。黄金除了用作发行纸币的储备，还用于加工成首饰和镶牙，它在现代科学技术领域里也有着广泛的用途。 段首句译文：“有史以来，黄金一直是人们热切寻找并小心珍藏的宝贵物质。” (A) mined 虽然黄金有可能是最先被发现的或最先被买卖的金属，但从上下文逻辑关系分析，由because引导的表示原因的从句提示，在这里B.discovered(发现)和C.purchased(购买)都不合逻辑。黄金是一种天然物质，并非人工制造，故D.manufactured(制造)也可排除。A.mined(开采、采矿)为惟一正确选择。 (B) primitive 从上下文看，本段主要讲古人对金子的认识及利用。另外，本句破折号后副词even提示此处应有让步的含义，所以B.primitive(原始的、简单的、粗糙的)为正确选择。A.delicate(精细的、精致的、灵敏的)，C.sophisticated(复杂的)和D.ingenious(聪明的、天才的)都不合逻辑。 译文：“由于黄金有美丽和不易损害的特性，并且由于可以用黄金制成美丽的物品——甚至可以用原始工具来制造，黄金很可能是最先被开采的金属。” (D) totalled 本题主要考动词用法。四个选择项所给动词都有“总计”、“总量为”的意思，但只有D.totalled 可作为及物动词，是惟一正确选择。 译文：“然而，古人知道的黄金总量，很可能比位于南非的世界最大金矿的年开采量多不了多少。” 选项用法举例：These figures add up to 2000.“这些数目加起来的总和是2000。”The food sums up to ＄1000.“这些食品总计1000元。”The company's reserve fund now amounts to ＄ 30000000.“这家公司的公积金现在达到了3000万美元。” (A) remains 本题考动词用法。remain是不及物动词，常用作系动词，后面跟形容词或名词作表语，意为：“保持”、“依然”、“仍是”。 选项用法举例：He remained silent.“他保持缄默。”Man remained a hunter for thousands of years.“人类靠狩猎为生达数千年之久。”He ate much but remained thin[KG*8].“他吃得很多但仍然很瘦。”After the fire,very little remained of my house[KG*8].“火灾后，寒舍所剩无几。” (A) exchange B.exhibition(展览)，C.expedition(远征、探险)，D.excursion(短途旅行、游览)与monetary(钱的、货币的)搭配使用都不合逻辑。A.exchange意为：“交换”、“兑换”、“交易”，在这里符合文意。 译文：“黄金的内在价值在它被用来铸币之前就已为人们所了解。在国际货币交易中，它仍是惟一被世界公认的价值标准。” (B) refined 本题四个选项都是作定语用的动词的过去分词形式，应辨清词义。A.reformed通常指“改革”、“改造”、“改良”；B.refined指原材料的“提炼”、“加工”、“提纯”；C.resolved有“分解”、“溶解”的意思；D.reclaimed指“回收”、“改造”、“开垦”。从上下文看，只有B.refined gold最合题意。 选项用法举例：a reformed man，“一个改过自新的人”;to reform the world，“改造世界”;refined oil，“精油”;refined lead，“提炼过的铅”;refined manners，“文雅的举止”;to resolve chemical compounds by heat,“加热分解化合物”;to resolve water into oxygen and hydrogen，“把水分解为氧和氢”;to reclaim land from the sea“填海造田”;to reclaim raw materials from industrial waste water,“从工业废水中回收原料”;to reclaim somebody from error，“纠正某人的错误”。 (B) currency 根据常识可以判断出，政府和银行储备黄金不是用来造纸(paper production)、分配纸张(paper distribution)或以其他材料代替纸张(paper replacement),故本题只有paper currency为正确选择。 (C) increasing 本句中连词but要求下半句与上半句表达的“大多数黄金……”呈转折关系，故应选C.increasing(增加)而不能选它的反义词B.decreasing(减少)。A.stabilizing(稳定)和D.recovering(恢复)在这里都不能表达逻辑转折关系，不合文意。 译文：“世界上绝大多数纯金由各国政府和中央银行收管以作为发行纸币的黄金储备，但用于艺术领域和工业生产的黄金总量也在日益增加。” (D) addition 本题考词组，除根据文意外还可以从搭配的角度分析。A.comparison,B.compensation,C.standardization都不能用于in…to的结构。正确的搭配是：in comparison with(与……比较)，in compensation for(作为对……的补偿)或in the standardization of (在……标准化的过程中)。只有D.addition可用于in …to结构。in addition to意为：“除……之外”，符合文意。 (C) led to 黄金的特殊属性和它在科技领域中的应用这两方面是因果关系，前者是因，故应选C.led to(导致)。若选A.drawn from(获取、自……提取)或B.derived from(得自、来自、起源于)则因果关系颠倒了。D.resort to意为：“求助”、“凭借”，在此不合文意。 译文：“除了用作首饰、用来镀金装饰以及用于牙医行业外，黄金的特性使它在现代科学技术领域里也得到了多项应用。” Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (B) 意为：“内燃机(internal－combustion machine)作为主要能源在农业上的应用产生的巨大影响”。工业革命于19世纪60年代开始于英国，其主要推动力和标志是内燃机的发明，表现形式是逐渐的机械化，农业也不例外。文章第一段指出1850年后不久，机械化的影响逐渐展开，各种机器迅速投入使用，引起了人们的抵抗，因为他们惧怕因此会被机器代替，失去工作(rob them of their work)。下文列举了犁、干草耙、装草机、收割机、挤奶机等几种重要机械农具的发明，用以说明第一段第一句和最后一句所概括的内容。最后一句可译为：“以汽油作燃料的内燃机成为农具的主要动力(power source)”。 (C) 该词原意为“焰火”、“高空火箭”，本句是一个比喻，意为：突然升起、猛涨。该句可译为：“不久，使用的农机具的数量猛增，这改变了农耕的性质。” (C) 意为：“许多农活还是用传统方式做”。第四段指出，在拉丁美洲、非洲和东方(the Orient)许多人口密集的地区，使用人力和牲畜耕作比用机器便宜，农业尚未机械化；农业越多产越进步的地方，农业革新的速度越快。但是，即使在今天，这些地区的大部分土地还要靠牲畜(draft animals)拉着原始的犁吃力地耕作。 (A) 意为：“某些地区未实现机械化是由于经济方面的原因”。最后一段指出，在某些地区实行机械化从本质上来看并不仅是个文化问题，例如：热带土壤和作物与温带(temperate areas)明显不同，所以，为温带设计的农具不能用于热带，必须加以改造。但是，实现机械化最大的障碍是：落后国家的农民害怕被机器代替(displaced)，失去谋生手段。后者是经济原因。 (B) 意为：“当货物批量生产时”。第二段第一句指出，19世纪工业革命以后，产品的批量生产使得面对面的推销方式(person?.to?.person selling)在推销大多数产品时跟不上需要了，虽然这种方式此前曾行之有效。随着火车(rail)和公路的建设，批量集散货物成为现实，面对面的销售显得极为缓慢且成本高，同时，继报纸、杂志等媒体(mass communication)后，收音机、电视机相继问世，使大量的销售进一步成为现实。广告只不过是花钱利用各种大众传媒的时间和版面完成销售或推销的目的。 (A) 意为：“广告与面对面直销的方式本质上没什么区别”。该句可译为：“可见，广告只不过是花钱利用各种媒体的时间和版面完成销售或推销的目的。” (C) 意为：“买不买做广告的产品取决于消费者”。该句可译为：“决定权在消费者手里。”第三段旨在说明广告的作用：说服、劝诱消费者购买某种商品，如此而已，因为，买不买是消费者的事。prospect在此意为：(可能的)顾客、(潜在的)消费者。 (C) 意为：“广告的益处”。第四段指出，广告在给生产者带来批量销售的方式的同时，也为消费者带来许多利益。本段第二、三、四句分别从产品价格、市场信息、传媒价格三方面说明了广告给消费者带来的利益。 (D) 根据第一段第三、四句，1983年的贫困人口比例是15.2%，1973年是11.1%，1987年是13.5%。从第二段我们知道，1969年是12%。 (A) 文章第二段第一句指出，贫困线的确定是有争议的。但从第二段中提到的两个历史阶段所确定的贫困线来看，它们都有特别具体的规定，如1795年对贫困线的规定是：最低收入等于1加仑面包的价钱乘以3再加上养活受赡养者的开支。今天美国人口普查局将最低收入规定为：假设1／3用于购买食品，一个家庭的最低收入必须足以为家庭成员购得营养充足的食物。C不对。由以上的分析可见，最低收入不仅以实物(material)的形式确定，还以价格等形式确定。 (A) 根据文章最后一句得知他们的理由是：穷人还享受食品和住房补贴、公共医疗等其他形式的补助。B意为：“社会从整体来讲就不富裕。” (A) 文章第一句指出，美国的80年代可以被看作是贫富人口俱增的时代。[CM(36]第二句分析了富裕户增长的原因，第三句给出了贫困率增长的幅度。虽然存在着这两[CM(36]方面的倾向，但就其总体而言(asawhole,见提问)，美国人的生活水平应该是提高了的。 (A) 意为：“与旧有的观点不一样的意见”。第一段指出，随着越来越多的妇女和少数民族进入高级管理层(the ranks of management)，他们越来越想谈论以前认为最好不说的事情。新来者也倾向于用新眼光(with a fresh eye)看办公中的事情，有时对于公司培养(影响)人的做法提出批评。第二句提到了“新看法”，所以，第一句是好理解为：与旧有的观点不一样的意见。 (C) 意为：“让上司知道你的工作干得是多么好”。这实际上是科尔曼的观点。在第二段，作者引用了科尔曼的观点，在他看来，人的成功百分之六十靠的是宣扬自己(exposure)，他认为，能做好工作的人今天司空见惯，虽然做好工作可能提高工资，但是却不一定能带来实质性的晋升，晋升更多地取决于：有多少人了解你，了解你的工作，了解你的人在公司里地位的高低(how high up they are)。 (B) 意为：“不想让人认为他们的晋升是出于性别和皮肤原因”。即：不想让人误以为老板是因为喜欢她或让别人知道自己对不同肤色的人公平看待才给他们晋升的。最后一段指出，科尔曼的观点是否有点荒唐呢？对于许多人来说，特别是对妇女和像科尔曼这样的少数民族的人来说并不荒唐，因为他们感到自己已看到事情的本质(the scales have dropped from their eyes)。贾米森在纽约做管理顾问，帮助公司处理这方面的事务，她说：“公司工作的妇女和黑人经常有些错误认识，认为只要努力工作，就会有晋升的机会——领导层的人会下顾(reach down)，给你升职。妇女和黑人大都害怕人们会认为他们升职是因为自己的性别或肤色，所以他们尽量不出头露面宣扬自己(play down their visibility)。”对于这些人，她的忠告是：学学男人白人们引人注目(find their way into the spotlight)的一贯做法。 (A) 意为：“引人注目的重要性”或“宣扬自己的重要性”。 (C) 本文从一个印第安人的角度，以非常形象的叙事方式，通过圆与方的对比，表达了印第安人对保留地(reservation)上的生活的不满和对他们原生活方式的怀恋。这一点在第一、四段中表达得尤其清楚。A、D都不对。从第二、三段的叙述可以看出，印第安人怀恋的与其说是他们的物质生活，不如说是他们原有的精神文化生活。 (B) 文章第二段第二句指出，在他们强盛幸福的日子里，他们的一切活动都在一个圆形的环境下进行。注意本段中的下列用词：circle,round,hoop,unbroken。印第安人住的帐篷(tepee)也是圆形的，伟大的神灵让他们在里面繁衍后代，代代不息(见第三段最后一句)。由此可见，“圆形”对印第安人来说象征着力量和他们失去的美好生活。 (D) 本段第四句是对第三句的诠释，可见，这里four quarters指的是东西南北四方位，印第安人居其中并受益于四方。B意为：“被认为构成万物的四大元素”。许多民族认为世界万物是由水、土、气、火四元素构成的(如古希腊人)。C不对。第三段才提到了周而复始、循环不已的四季，所以，这里不可能指四季。 (B) 这句意为:Wasichus将我们放置到这些“方盒子”(指第一段第二句中的little gray houses of logs)里。我们知道，美洲本来是印第安人的家园，白人到来后将他们驱赶走并最终给他们划分了所谓的“保留地”。所以，这里the Wasichus当指白人。 Part IV EnglishChinese Translation 短文大意： 人们钱夹中装了不少信息技术产品，如支票卡、信用卡、旅行卡、电话卡。 目前全球有4.2亿个Visa卡，价值7000亿英镑，预料到本世纪末，英国信用卡交易额将达到480亿英镑。 随着技术的发展，信用卡上的磁条还是原始的技术，不够安全，因为在电子产品商店购买的简单扫描机都可以读。 在智能卡和电子钱面世后，安全将不再是问题。 这是一个简单复合句。句架是The world of finance…has come up with…devices that…。that引导定语从句，修饰devices。to make it easier to spend一直到句末是动词不定式短语，引导目的状语；just as important等于it is just as important as to keep track。句子中 in paticular作“特别地”讲； come up with作“提出”讲； make one's way作“前往”讲； keep track 作“跟上……的进展”讲。 这是一个简单句。句架是record a of the sum,the parties involved and the purpose must be made。为了避免头重脚轻，把主语的定语都挪到谓语动词后面去了。 这里一个并列复合句，由and连接。句架是plastic money is big business，…and its total…is expected to reach…by…。前面句子中冒号后面的内容是用来说明big business的，worth…可以理解为省略了which are的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的事实。 这是一个简单复合句。句架是what…in the PIN。破折号后面的内容是用来说明PIN的。句首what…到strip是名词从句，在句中做主语。 句子中PIN即个人身份证号码。 这是一个简单复合句。句架是when a card is…，a reader scans…，requests…，dispenses the cash。前面when……引导时间状语从句，后面的主句里是一个主语，四个并列的谓语。请注意，局面句子中all being well是独立格分词短语，作最后一个谓语的状语。句子中ATM是自动提款机；motorized作“机动的”讲；scan是“扫描”的意思；magnetic strip作“磁条”讲。 Part V Writing (15 points) 参考范文 ????Twenty years ago，most Chinese did not know what a TV looked like；whereas today，TV viewing has become almost an indispensable part of family life.In fact，people enjoy it for good reasons.Above all，TV is a convenient and efficient medium for obtaining knowledge and information.Mysteries of science and miracles of technology are exposed through popular science programs；beautiful natural scenefies and diversified traditions all over the world fascinate a good number of TV viewers；news stories and social phenomena are recounted and analyzed incisively….No means of mass media other than TV brings them more vividly to people.Besides，TV viewing is a cheap means of entertainment.Even if your wallet is thin，turn on TV and your dreams come true.You can travel around the world.You can watch films，plays，operas，and so on without buying a ticket.Neither do you pay for news reports，sports games，or soap operas.In a word，TV is both ready to serve the viewers and money－saving. ????But every coin has two sides.TV is of no exception.For many people，TV viewing can be addictive.Many people turn on TV the instant they arrive home in the evening and do not turn it off until before they fall asleep late into night.Most of them complain that TV has taken up too great a part of their spare time.Furthermore，too much violence and sex will inevitably have bad effects on children，who are at the impressionable age，and may very likely follow suit.No doubt，negative effects such as these should be dealt with seriously. ????Such being the case，shall we continue to watch TV or throw it away？My personal opinion is that we should certainly make good use of this technological miracle.We should watch TVprograms which really interest us and which are instructive.At the same time，individual viewers should determine what is worth watching and what is simply trash，and make intelligent choices.That is to say，you are the one to decide how much treasure or trash is conveyed to your house through the TV screen.