模拟试题[14]  Simulated Test [PREVIOUS] [NEXT] Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points) At the last conmmittee meeting,the motion that the sale of the alcohol _____ unlawful was defeated. A．was made B．was to be made C．be made D．would be made The agency, _____ to set and enforce health standard for American workers,has been promising a cotton dust standard for several years. A．which is B．which it is C．whose job it is D．whose job is People were afraid to leave their house, _____ the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency,they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else. A．and even if B．but since C．however after D．for though As long as we alive,we are learning and ,in fact,some of our most important learning takes place outside of school _____ in school. A．better than B．rather than C．other than D．more than The tremendous heat at a star's core, _____ tremendous gravity,joins the nuclei of hydrogen atoms. A．combined with B．having combined with C．combining with D．being combined to Success in life does not depend so much on one's school record _____ on one's honesty and diligence. A．but B．whereas C．as D．like Though she could hardly make ends meet herself,she managed to save _____ she could out of her slim salary to help her brother to go to school. A．how little money B．such little money C．so little money D．what little money In learning a foreign language, _____ Engligh,one should first pay attention to speaking,which is the groundwork of reading and writing. A．says B．say C．to say D．saying It is strange that he _____ so rude to you,though you did so much for him. A．should be B．should have been C．is D．was _____ can help but admit that drastic changes have taken place in China since the economic reform in 1979. A．Everybody B．Anybody C．Somebody D．Nobody Section B Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5 points) Never say anything (A) behind a person's back if (B) you wouldn't (C) say to (D) his face. It is not (A) because they were afraid of earthquakes, but (B) because there was a trend for living (C) in the suburbs so (D) after Wold War Ⅱ many San Franciscans left the city houses and moved to the suburb. As (A) a general observation,many physicians regret having (B) never (C) taken a course (D) in the history of medicine. It is difficult for us to explain phenomena (A) which (B) we have little or (C) no direct (D) knowledge. There lived (A) in the village the peasants who enjoy no sickness (B) benefits,no oldage pensions (C) not any (D) holidays…. The change which these years have brought about (A) is too (B) remarkable to pass over (C) without being noticed (D) . I have too many (A) things to attend (B) to that a holiday for (C) me now is out of the question (D) . When we sit at the table,we must wait for everyone (A) before starting (B) eating.Sometimes you (C) have to wait until the head (D) of the family begins eating. Emphasis is laid on (A) the necessity that all the objectives to be attained (B) will be taken (C) into account before starting (D) a new project. Although (A) a majority of the houses in that area is (B) still in need of repair (C) ,there has been much inprovement in their (D) appearance. Section C Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) I don't think I'd like to share a flat with her.I'd find it difficult to _____ her standards of order. A．live up to B．keep up to C．face up to D．make up to The hero in the book was _____ by his enemies and left in a gasfilled room,but he managed to escape. A．bound up B．tied up C．locked up D．knocked over He has _____ a very odd set of people.I hope they won't have a bad influence on him. A．got mixed up with B．got involved in C．lined up with D．come up with I can _____ her sudden friendiness;she wants me to look after her parrot while she is away. A．work out B．make out C．see through D．figure out Because American parents believe that knowledge leads to a meaningful life,they try to give youngsters many opportunities to develop skills and _____ interests. A．worth B．worthy C．valuable D．worthwhile People today spend a _____ portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children. A．considerable B．significant C．substantial D．surplus Since she inherited her father's fortune,she is completely independent _____ her husband. A．from B．on C.of D.with A benefit performance is a performance for which a charitable organization has bought out at a discounted price and _____ funds by selling tickets at a full price. A．furnish B．raise C．accumulate D．contribute Money serves as a means of accumulating wealth and as a universal _____ of exchange in the highly diversified commercial world. A．measure B．intermediate C．medium D．mechanism Many museums now provide educational services and children's departments. _____ the usual displays,they also offer film showings and dance programs. A．As well as B．Rather than C．With the exception of D．In addition to It is true that road travel in the old days was difficult, _____ and uncomfortable,but it was comparatively safe. A．tedious B．irritable C．worrying D．disinteresting By giving him electrical shock treatment,the doctor has _____ a partial cure of his short sightedness. A．affected B．effected C．afforded D．rendered Chinese diplomatic envoys were sent who should strengthen our international position and strive for world peace and friendly _____ among peoples. A．collaboration B．harmony C．coordination D.intercourse The Wall Street multimillionaires are looking for new markets overseas where they can _____ their surplus goods. A．damp B．deliver C．dump D．stamp The young soldier killed 25 enemies in a close battle,for which he was _____ the title of Combat Hero. A．awarded B．rewarded C．conferred D．honoured Vietnam military costs _____ economic weaknesses in the United States,which cleverly exported its inflation abroad. A．reinforced B．strengthened C．accelerated D．intensified Not a few excellent proposals by the countries of the third world have been _____ to the Unifed Nations,acceptance of which will strengthen peace and lessen the danger of war. A．submitted B．suggested C．advanced D．released I had been puzzled over the problem for over an hour without any result when all at once the solution _____ across my mind. A．flushed B．flickered C．flared D．flashed For some rare cases,the doctor does not base his diagnosis on the patient's _____ only but also on the results of tests. A．complaints B．reports C．statements D．symptoms Before suburbanization which began during the emergence of the industrial city,the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved around on foot and goods were _____ by horse and cart. A．conveyed B．surveyed C．forwarded D．delivered Part II Cloze Test Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) ????Every day, hundreds of thousands of social scientists go to work. Meanwhile, most of the rest of the world believes that social science is frivolous (不重要的、无意义的)and useless. More to the 41 ，even those in government and business who sometimes hope to use research frequently 42 that social science is irrelevant,incomprehensible or 43 low quality. Researchers are usually unable to 44 specific instances of their work 45 used. ????Social scientists are 46 that their work is not used as they think it should be, and dismayed 47 they do not share the social respect of natural scientists. Sometimes this situation may endanger research funds. 48 their economies in trouble,nations like the U.S. and Britain have begun to decide that social science is a luxury that they can do 49 .As a result, the “underutilization”of research has received a surge of new attention of the social scientists although the field has had citations increase fiftyfold in the twenty years 50 1976． 41．A．effect B．point C．contrary D．advantage 42．A．accuse B．object C．testify D．complain 43．A．is B．of C．at D．very 44．A．cite B．confirm C．contend D．conceive 45．A．being B．to be C．has been D．which is 46．A．fascinated B．overwhelmed C．terrified D．frustrated 47．A．if B．once C．that D．whenever 48．A．With B．Despite C．Lest D．Because of 49．A．with B．within C．without D．away with 50．A．prior B．previous C．preceding D．precedent Part Ⅲ Readling Comprehension Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points) Passage 1 ????The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those that satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products. In today's prosperous societies the distinction has become blurred because so many wants have been turned into needs. A writer, for instance, can work with paper and pencils. These are legitimate needs for the task. But the work can be done more quickly and efficiently with a word processor. Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want. ????In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased. The two main categories are convenience goods and shopping goods. Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France(wine, for example)may be a specialty good in the United States. ????People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, razor blades, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought on impulse: someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items. ????Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices, quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision. Buying an automobile is often done this way. ????Shopping goods fall into two classes:those that are perceived as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as inherently different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style, and fashion will either take precedence over price,or they will not matter at all. ????Specialty goods have characteristics that impel customers to make special efforts to find them. Price may be no consideration at all. Specialty goods can include almost any kind of product. Normally,specialty goods have a brand name or other distinguishing characteristics. ????Unsought goods are items a consumer does not necessarily want or need or may not even know about.Promotion or advertising brings such goods to the consumer's attention. The product could be something new on the market as the Sony Walkman once was or it may be a fairly standard service, such as life insurance,for which most people will usually not bother shopping. A word processor can be looked on as satisfying a need rather than a want if _____ . A.it is used at home to do paper work B.it is used by a writer to type a novel C.it becomes the only means to an end D.a writer does not want to use it Staples(in the third paragraph) are commodities _____ . A.that people are in constant need of B.that people do not really want C.that people want but don't need D.that are convenient to purchase Shopping goods that are considered as basically the same are those _____ . A.that satisfy similar needs of the consumer B.that consumers don't care where to buy them C.that consumers spend much time to look for D.that can be found in nearly every shop Unsought goods _____ . A.have to be new B.have to be standardized C.have to be promoted D.have to be sent to consumers'ｓ homes Passage 2 ????The listener has a given amount of energy to expend in completing the communication process. Any distraction that demands part of that energy will diminish the probability that communication will take place.One of the easiest distractions to eliminate is the too soft voice. You will find it necessary to adjust your voice level to accommodate the size of the room,the number of people in the audience, the furnishings, and the ambient noise level. ????The desired level is one that seems slightly greater than that normally heard in conversation.If the room is large and filled with people, you will have to put an appropriate amount of power in your voice to be easily heard. In some cases, you may require electronic amplification, which will usually enable you to speak in an ordinary conversational tone. ????Furnishings such as heavy carpets and drapes absorb a good deal of sound, thereby creating a deadening effect on the speaker's voice. You should be able to judge the effects of the furnishings after speaking the first few sentences. You can then modify your voice level as necessary to account for any soundabsorbing material. ????The ambient noise in the room may be made up of motor sounds from and overhead projector, airconditioning ,outside traffic, etc. You may find it necessary to vary your voice level at times to adjust for changes in the ambient noise level. ????Finally,you should be aware of cues from members of the audience who may communicate by body language an inability to hear what you are saying. This passage is mainly concerned with _____ . A．the communcation between a speaker and the audience B．the use of body language in addressing an audience C．various distractions of a speaker from the speech D．the appropriate use of voice level in public speech The second sentence in the first paragraph intends to render the idea that _____ . A．distractions will render communication unlikely to happen B．attention to the audience in public speech is most important C．it takes great effort to overcome any distraction in public communication D．it is impossible to communicate when the audience are distracted from the speech The second paragraph points out that it is important for a speaker _____ . A．to speak in an ordinary conversational tone B．to use electronic amplification in a large room C．to speak in a loud voice as in conversation D．to adapt voice level to the size of the room According to the passage, in the course of speaking, a speaker should _____ . A．use overhead projectors to help him B．pay enough attention to the audience's reaction C．raise voice level to create special effect D．ignore any distraction from the environment Passage 3 ????Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess.In chess a player tries to trap his opponent's king in a series of moves. On creating a lens, lens designers attempts to “trap”light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to converge on a single point in the image,as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way.The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to be virtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as in chess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. The same principles apply to all lenses. ????The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player. The designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the countless number of possibilities.Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology,information theory, chemistry, industral engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the designer's job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be massproduced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past. Moreover, their price may be lower, in spite of fact that the 19th century craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today's lenses are more complex. The lens desigher cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled:it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind. In what way does lens design resemble chess? A.In the number of steps each takes towards the goal. B.In the designs of the two activities. C.The steps to the goals and the goal itself are known. D.Each has a doer and a competitor. In lens design, _____ . A.it is completely impossible to preset the best steps along the way B.it is always very hard to solve any problems C.one can work out a best solution to problems in each step D.there are countless steps towards the final goal Compared with a chess player,lens designer _____ . A.can put his design to massproduction. B.can draw on various sources in his work C.can reduce the cost of lens production D.has no one to train him before taking up the work A lens designer in the past _____ . A.did their work better B.did not use glass for making lenses C.was usually poor D.designed the lens all by himself Passage 4 ????A question that healthconscious consumers may ask when buying produce is whether they are free of pesticides. But currently, there is no federal standard for pesticidefree “organically grown”foods foods grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. The result, says U.S. Senate Agriculture Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy, is that consumers “too often see confusing and unsubstantiated claims such as ‘organically grown’and ‘natural’”. ????Currently, 22 states have some kind of certification program or at least requirements for thirdparty certification. Look for the words “certified organically grown”or similar wording. In most cases, that means that no synthetic pesticides have been used in three years and that no synthetic fertilizers have been used in two or three years. Even if your state does not have its own program, you may have seen organically grown produce in the marketplace. If you want to know exactly what that means, ask the store's manager or the produce buyer about how the store's “organic” produce was grown. ????Legislation to establish a natural standard for organically grown produce is making its way through Congress. The U．S. Department of Agriculture would be responsible for the certification program. The legislation also would establish standards for processed foods claiming organic ingredients. But in the meantime, if you want to be certain that the produce you eat is pesticidefree,you have two options. You can buy your fruits and vegetables from someone you know or you can grow your own. The passage implies that _____ ． A．there is really no organically grown produce yet B．some foods are falsely labeled C．some states are slow in making laws concerned D．each state should stop certifying certain foods If certain kind of food is labeled as “certified organically”,it should mean that _____ ． A．the food is grown without any chemicals and is natural B．it is certified in the state in which it is grown C．it is certified by the U．S． Department of Agriculture D．no synthetic pesticides or fertilizers have been used on them over a certain period of time The author advises consumers to _____ . A．look for foods with such words as “certified organically grown” B．grow their own food without synthetic chemicals C．buy foods from a seller they often deal with D．make sure the foods are pesticidefree before buying them Legislation to set up a standard for organically grown produce _____ ． A．is being debated in the Congress B．has come into effect C．is in the charge of the U．S. Department of Agriculture D．is delayed due to disagreement in Congress Passage 5 ????Angyal described the case of a man with a domineering father who showed extreme swings of mood in relation to his son. At times, he was affectionate, played with the child, and told him interesting and imaginative stories. At other times he showed violent outbursts of rage and would beat his son so badly that the child thought he would be killed. The boy had numerous fantasies, including one in which his father was killed by a cunning bandit who came to the house cleverly disguised as the father. As Angyal put it, the fantasy dramatized the child's confusion as to whether he was living in a loving house or in a cruel, alien world that merely masqueraded as pleasant. The fantasy was aimed at dispelling his confusion about the father, whose behaviour made him both God and devil． ????But this daydream ,implying the murder and loss of the underlying good father,was unacceptable to the boy and failed to solve his doubts. He began to behave compulsively, such as making sure when out walking to step only on stones and never to walk on the bare earth a magical hope of resolving his confusion. Once as he walked in the backyard he ran out of stones to step on and suddenly stood stuck still on the last stone between the yard and his rear steps. He stayed there for an hour until finally his father came and picked him up, freeing him from his immobility. Once the boy overheard his father saying “I live only for the family”only to hear his grandfather say: “No, you only live for yourself!”All of these seeming contradictions made the boy grow into a man endlessly shifting back and forth between positions, unable to take a stand except on irrelevant and unimportant issues in daily life. Angyal explained the boy's fantasy as _____ ． A．his wish to kill his father B．his eagerness to be loved C．resulting from lack of love D．his confused feeling towards his father The expression “masqueraded as pleasant”(the fifth sentence in paragraph 1)is closest in meaning to _____ ． A．was described as being pleasant B．was mistaken as being pleasant C．appeared pleasant D．turned out to be pleasant The story of the boy's walking on the stones shows that _____ . A．he wished to solve his problem B．he wanted to get his father killed C．he wished that his father could help him D．he was emotionally tolerated and had gone crazy What the grandfather said _____ . A．made it clear that the father was very selfish B．proved that the father had a distorted character C．confirmed the boy in his belief D．made the boy even more confused Part IV English-Chinese Translation Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points) ????The three S'ｓthe keys to making a building stay up for ever were discovered by Imhotep, architect of the 4600yearold Great Pyramid of Gizeh.They are shape, size and soil. ????Firstly, shape.you can't beat a pointy building with a flat base.(71) Spreading its huge weight over a wide area, and with a centre of gravity far from any edges, a pyramid cannot topple over. Other shapes can also do the trick. As the 1800year old Pantheon in Rome demonstrates,domes can give a building enormous strength and rigidity. ????Size also matters:whatever else the Pyramids are, economically they are not.(72) They are massively overengineered: six million tons of limestone in the case of the Great Pyramids of Gizeh, and all to house a few burial chambers no bigger than semidetached houses. In medieval times, the great cathedrals were a little more frugally constructed, but even they'd be hopelessly expensive to build today. ????Yet even the mightiest buildings can be laid low if they are built on dubious soil.(73) Around 2500 B.C,the sand foundations of the halffinished pyramid at Meidum gave way, and 250000 tons of its limestone surface came sliding off its sides. ????(74) Poor foundations could yet destroy the Leaning Tower of Pisa, still toppling at a millimetre a year, despite having 800 tons of lead stabilizer wrapped around its base. ????Earthquakes are the real giant-killers. Ironically, the very strength and rigidity that usually protects buildings counts against them in earthquakes, as they lack any "give". ????Particularly at risk are brick-built and concrete-frame buildings,which are simply torn apart by the to-and-fro motion of the ground.Rubber-padded foundations, which are used in some buildings in California, do not seem to help much either:the buildings have a nasty tendency to wobble too far. ????(75) Curiously,multi-story steel-framed skyscrapers fare pretty well:their gigantic size makes them vibrate very slowly in all but the biggest of quakes, and their deep foundations and frames are strong enough to withstand the movement. Part V Writing (15 points) Directions: A.Title: Travel in Holidays B.You should write an essay based on the outline below in no less than 150 words C.Your essay should be written clearly on Answer Sheet II. Outline: 1．很多学生利用假期旅游 2．旅游之前应做的准备工作 3．旅游时除观光外应该注意的事项 研究生入学考试模拟英语试题[14]讲评： [词汇与结构] [完型填空] [阅读理解] [英译汉] [写作] Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A (C) motion,“动议”，后接同位语从句，其谓语动词应用原形表示虚拟。 (C) 应选非限定性定语从句whose job it is…，相当于it is the agency's job to set and enforce…。 (D) for though是复合从属连词。for引导的句子是表示前面内容的原因或理由，though是该句中的从句。全句大意是：“人们不敢离开家，因为一旦出现紧急情况，虽有警察在旁待命，但他们也与其他人一样慌作一团，无能为力。” (B) rather than,“而不是”，符合句意。 (A) combined with 此处表示一种一般情况，相当于when(it is )combined with，所以无需时态变化。 (C) 这是…not so …as比较句型。 (D) what在这里是关系形容词，表示“所……的”、“尽可能多的”。what little money she could(save)=that little money which she could(save)out of her slim salary…。 (B) say 这里的意思是for example，是一种习惯用法。请参见1995年考题(5)。 (B) It is strange that…句型中，从句的谓语动词应用should have done，意为：“竟然”。 (D) 此句用的是cannot help but do，“不能不……”，为习惯用法，只不过将cannot的否定转移到了主语nobody。请参见1995年考题(4)。注意下面的不同表达方式：Anybody cannot help but…＝Nobody can help but…＝Anybody cannot but… ＝Nobody can but…。 Section B (B)错 应改成：that,引导定语从句修饰anything。 (D)错 应改成：that 。此句用的是It is…that强调结构。 (C)错 应将never置于having前。非谓语动词的否定形式，都要将否定词放在非谓语动词的前面，无论是动名词、分词还是不定式。 (B)错 应改为：of which。因为which的先行词是phenomena,which从句做介词of的宾语，修饰phenomena。 (D)错 应改成：no (holidays),与 no sickness benefits,no old age pensions构成并列宾语，要用同一形式。 (C)错 应改成被动结构：to be passed over,因与change是被动关系。 (A)错 应改为：so many,因此句采用的是so…that句型，表示结果。 (C)错 应改成：we。虽然we和you都可以泛指，但在同一句中或上下文中要采用同一个代词，以免引起误解、混乱。请参见1996年考题(14)。 (C)错 应改成：should be taken 或be taken。名词necessity后接that从句时，从句中谓语动词应用虚拟形式。 (B)错 应改成:are。a majority of…，a number of…，a variety of…做主语时，谓语动词都应用复数形式；而the majority of…，the variety of…做主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式，切勿混淆。 Section C (A) live up to,“做到”、“达到……的标准”；keep up to 不是固定短语；face up to,“大胆面对”；make up to (sb.),“巴结”、“奉承”。 (B) tie sb.up，“把……捆绑起来”；bind up,“包扎”、“装订(书)成册”；lock sb.up,“锁起来”；knock over,“打翻”。 (A) get mixed up with,“与……混在一起”；get involved in,“卷入……”；line up with…，“成为……同盟者”、“与……联合”；come up with，“赶上”、“提出”。 (C) see through,“看穿”、“识破”；work out,“制订”、“做出”； make out,figure out,“搞清楚”、“弄明白”。 (D) worthwhile,“值得花时间(精力)的”；worth,介词，后接动名词或名词；worthy,“有价值的”，常做表语；valuable,“值钱的”、“贵重的”。 (A) considerable,“相当多的”；significant,“有意义的”；substantial，“实质的”、“真实的”、“结实的”；surplus,“剩余的”。 (C) independent of,“不依赖于……”，为固定搭配。 (B) raise funds,“集资”；furnish,“提供”；accumulate,“积蓄”；contribute,“为……贡献”。按句意选B。 (C) medium,“媒介”，复数形式是 media；measure，“措施”、“办法”；intermediate,指时间、空间、程度的“中间物”；mechanism，“机制”。 (D) in addition to,“除了……还”；as well as,“以及”，多用在后面，一般不出现在句首；rather than,“而不是”，句子后半部有also,所以不能用rather than;with the exception of,“除了……以外”，相当于except,用在句中显然不合适。 (A) tedious,“乏味”；irritable,“易激怒的”、“烦躁的”；worrying,“令人担忧的”；disinteresting,“不感兴趣的”。 (B) effect，“实现”、“达到……的目的”；affect，“影响”；afford，“负担得起”；render:present,ofter,“呈递”、“提供”。 (D) intercourse,“往来”、“交往”；harmony,“和谐”；coordination,“协作”、“协调”；collaboration,“协作”、“勾结”。 (C) dump,“倾销”、“倾倒”；damp,“潮湿的”，形容词；deliver,“发送”、“投递(信件)”；stamp,“跺脚”、“盖章”。 (A) award,“授予”、“奖给”；reward,“报答”；confer，“授予”，用法是confer a title on sb.; honour,“给……荣誉”，搭配是honour sb.with a title。 (C) accelerate,“加速”；reinforce,“增援”、“加强”；strengthen,“加强”、“使更强大”；intensify,“加剧”、“加强”。 (A) submit,“提交”、“呈交”；suggest，“建议”，不说suggest a proposal而说advance a proposal,“提出建议”；release,“释放”、“发行”。 (D) flash across one's mind,“在脑中一闪”；flush,“冲洗”、“脸红”；flicker,“摇曳”；flare，“闪耀”、“闪烁”。 (D) symptom,“症状”；complaint，“抱怨”；report,“报告”；statement，“声明”、“陈述”。 (A) convey,“运送”、“传递”；survey，“调查”、“勘察”；forward,“发送货物”；deliver,“交货”。 Part Ⅱ Cloze Test 短文大意：每天都有成千上万的社会科学工作者在从事研究工作。但与此同时，世界上大多数人却认为社会科学无关紧要。社会科学的研究成果常常得不到应用，社会科学家也享受不到与自然科学家同等的尊敬。这种局面有时会危及他们的科研基金。于是“过少应用”科研成果的现象再次引起社会科学家的重视。 段首句译文："每天都有成千上万的社会科学工作者在从事研究工作，而与此同时，世界上大多数其他人却认为社会科学既不重要又没有用处。” (B) point 本题四个选项都可与to the … 组成词组，但词组的意义及用法各不相同。A.to the effect意为：“意思是”，后面通常跟that引导的从句；C.to the contrary意为：“正相反”。A、C均无比较级用法，故都应排除。D.to the advantage(有利于)一般后面要接of sb.意思才完整，故排除D。B.to the point意为：“切题的”、“切中要点的”，在此符合文意与语法要求，是正确答案。 译文：“更说明问题的是，就连那些有时希望能够应用社科研究成果的政府或企业工作人员都经常抱怨说社会科学无关紧要、无法理解或是质量很差。” 选项用法举例：I received a cable to the effect that….“我收到一封电报，大意是说……”He started early to the effect that he might get there by lunchtime.“他一早就动身了，以便在午饭前赶到那里。”I don't remember his precise words, but he did say something to that effect.“我不记得他的确切原话了，但他肯定表示过那样的意思。”We tried again and again, but to no effect.“我们试了又试，但毫无效果。”to come to the point,“谈到正题”、“讲到关键问题”;Your advice was very much to the point.“你的劝告非常中肯。”an answer to the point,“中肯(切题)的回答”;He is modest to the point of ridicule.“他谦逊到可笑的地步。” You will find it to your advantage to learn some Japanese before you go to Japan.“你会发现去日本前学点日语对你有好处。”The painting is seen to better advantage from a distance.“这幅画从远处看比较好。”We must turn our knowledge to advantage.“我们必须充分利用我们的知识。” (D) complain A.accuse(指控、指责)不能带宾语从句，故排除A。B.object(反对)通常用作不及物动词，后面带that 从句时意为：“提出……作为反对某人的理由”，在此不符合文意，因此排除B。C.testify意为：“作证”、“提供证据”，本文中提到的政府工作人员等对社会科学的批评只是一种看法，并无证明之意，故排除C。D.complain意为：“抱怨”、“发牢骚”，为正确选择。 选项用法举例：He objected to our plan.“他反对我们的计划。”He objected to being treated like a child.“他抗议被当作小孩看待。”I object against him that he is too young for the position.“我反对他的理由是他太年轻，不适合那个职位。”The witness testified that he had seen the accused run out of the bank. “证人作证说他看见被告从银行里跑出来。”He refused to testify against a friend.“他拒绝提供不利于朋友的证词。” (B) of B.of 可表示“具有某种性质(状况)”，而quality 等名词作表语时前面需加of，故 A.is,C.at 和 D.very 都不正确，只能选B。 选项用法举例：The goods are of poor quality.“这批货质量很差。”This matter is of great importance.“此事至关重大。”This water tasted of salt.“这水有咸味。”Of what color is her new dress?“她的新裙子是什么颜色的?” (A) cite A.cite意为：“引述”、“引证”、“引用”，常与instance 搭配，在此符合文意。B.confirm (证实、确认)，C.contend(竞争、坚决主张)和 D.conceive(想出、构思、想象)均不合文意。 译文：“研究人员通常无法举出他们的工作成果得到应用的具体例子。” 选项用法举例：to cite an instance,“举一个例子”;to cite the dictionary ,“引证词典”;to cite Shakespeare,“引用莎士比亚的话”。 (A) being 介词of 后面不能跟句子，故C.has been应排除。不定式作定语一般表示事情尚未发生，“将被应用的工作成果”在此不合文意，故排除B.to be。科学家要举的是“工作成果得到应用”的例子，而不是“得到应用的工作成果”的例子，故应选A.being,排除D.which is。 (D) frustrated 自己的工作没有起到应有的作用，科学家自然感到灰心、泄气、恼怒而又不知所措，故选 D.frustrated 。 A.fascinated(被吸引的、迷住的)， B.overwhelmed(被压倒的、受不了的)和C.terrified(极害怕的、吓坏了的)都不合文意。 译文：“社会科学家因他们的工作没有像他们认为应该的那样得到应用而感到灰心，为他们不能像自然科学家一样受到社会的尊敬而感到沮丧。” (C) that 本句连词and提示，dismayed与上文frustrated 为并列成分，作表语的形容词后面跟that 引导的从句在英语中很常见，有“因为……感到”的含义(如：I'm glad you came)。“如果”、“一旦”或“无论何时”都不合文意，故A.if,B.once和D.whenever被排除，只有D.that是正确答案。 (A) With 介词with常带宾语和补语，表示：“由于”、“在……的情况下”。在这里，A.With为正确选择。B.Despite(尽管)和 D.Because of (由于)不仅意思上不妥，后面也只能接名词，如：because of their troubled economies;C.Lest(以免、惟恐)是连词，后面要接句子，并且一般不用于句首，故B、C、D都应排除。 译文：“在经济不景气的情况下，美国、英国等一些国家便开始认定社会科学是可有可无的奢侈品。” 选项用法举例：With all the children in bed,she finally relaxed herself.“所有的孩子都睡了，她自己也终于放松下来。”With the window open, you would see the trees beyond the river.“开着窗子，你能看到河对岸的树。”With all the work finally finished, he sat down with a sigh.“所有的工作做完之后，他叹了口气坐了下来。” (C) without C. do without 是习语，意思是：“没有也行”、“不需要”，在此符合文意。A. do with (处置)和 D. do away with (取消、废除)都是习语，但在此不合文意。B.within 不能以 a luxury 为宾语，也是错的。 (C) preceding 本题四个选项都有“在……之前”、“先于……的”的意思，但用法不同。A.prior 要跟介词to; B.previous 如不跟to 则表示“前面的”、“早先的”； D.precedent 作名词意为：“先例”、“前例”，作形容词意为：“在先的”、“前面的”。 A、B、D均不能放在两个名词之间，故在此都不适用。C.preceding 在这里是precede的现在分词，作twenty years 的后置定语，相当于 which precede，是正确答案。 译文：“结果，‘过少应用’科研成果的问题再次引起社会科学工作者的密切关注，尽管在1976以前的20年中，这个领域论文被引用的次数已经增加了50倍。” 选项用法举例：Don't make public statements without their prior approval.“未经他们事先同意不要发表公开声明。”two days prior to the summit,“最高级会议前两天”;The house was sold prior to auction.“这房子在拍卖日之前业已售出。” on the previous night,“前一天晚上”;on a previous occasion,“在上一次”;in the previous chapter,“在上一章中”;The accident happened previous to my arrival here.“事故发生在我到达之前。”A precedes B in the alphabet.“字母表上A在B的前面。”in the preceding paragraph/the paragraph that precedes this one,“在上一段里”;We were preceded by our guide.“向导走在我们的前面。”Do not take it as a precedent.“不要以此为先例。”a precedent cause ,“先前的原因”;a remark precedent to mine ,“在我发言之前的评论”。 Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (C)意为：“它是达到目的的惟一手段”。第一段指出，对满足需要(need)和需求(want)的产品的传统区分已不足于涵盖各种类别的产品。在今天这个繁荣的社会里，由于许多需求转化为需要，二者失去了明显的界线(blurred)。例如：作家用纸和笔写作，纸和笔这时对他来说是合理的需要，但是，同样的工作可以用计算机更快、更有效地完成，这样，对这位作家来说，计算机已不再是一种需求，而成了一种需要。可见，这里所说的需要代表完成某一事情所必需的手段，而不是可有可无的手段。 (A)意为：“经常需要的”。该词意为“重要商品”、“常用品”，如：糖、盐等。 (B)意为：“消费者不在乎到什么地方去买”。第五段指出，选购商品(shopping goods)分作两类：可以看作基本相同的商品和视作不同的商品，前者如：家用器具(home appliances)，电视机、汽车；购买这类商品时，消费者一旦选定式样，主要关心的是如何以最便宜的价格买到手。 (C)意为：“必须进行促销”。最后一段指出，不需要的商品(unsought goods)是指消费者不一定需求或需要或根本不感兴趣的物品，要让消费者注意这些物品，必须进行推销(promotion)或做广告。 (D)D意为：“演说时音量的正确使用”。本文的主旨陈述在第一段第四句：“你会发现有必要调整自己的音量，以便适宜于(accommodate)会议室的大小、听众的数量、室内装饰以及周围的噪音量(或：你会发现有必要根据会议室的大小、听众的数量、室内装饰以及周围的噪音量适当调整音量)。”文章第二、三、四段分别从这几方面更详细地说明了根据演讲时的情景调整音量的必要性。最后一段还指出：应该根据听众的反应来及时调整音量。A太抽象、太宽泛，因此不对；B意为：“体势语在演讲时的使用”；C意为：“演讲者在演讲过程中所面临的各种干扰”。本文说明的重点是演讲者如何排除干扰、合理调整自己的音量，以便让听众听清自己的演讲。 (A)提问部分意为：“第一段第二句旨在说明……”。选择项A意为：“干扰会影响交流的进行(或：干扰会使交流难以进行)。”原文第一、二句指出：在完成交流的过程中，听众要消耗一定量的能量(指其注意力等)，如果有干扰因素占去这一能量的一部分(指使听众分心等)，达成交流的可能性就会降低。本文主要谈的是从演讲者的角度如何克服干扰、调整音量，以确保交流的顺利进行。 (D)第二段说明了根据会议室的大小和听众的多少确定音量的使用的重要性。该段第三句同时指出，必要时可以使用扩音设备，这样，演讲者就可以使用日常的谈话语调，不必过多地提高嗓门。 (B)文章最后一段指出，演讲者还应注意听众中表现出的其他暗示：他们也许会通过体势语表示自己听不到或听不清演讲的内容。A意为：“用幻灯机帮助自己”；C意为：“提高嗓门以获得特殊效果”；D意为：“不理睬来自于环境的干扰”。 (C)意为：达到目标步骤和目标本身都是已知的。第一段指出，设计透镜就像布棋局，下棋时，下棋者用一系列的步骤将死对手(trap his opponent's king)；设计透镜时设计者通过使物体放射出的光线聚焦的方法“捕捉”光，这需要使光线通过一系列精密制作的透明的抛物面才能达到。因为在这两种活动中最终的目的和达到目的的方式已明确，所以人们很容易认为在达到目标的过程中，每一步都有一个最佳选择。 (A)意为：根本不可能在制作过程中预设出最佳步骤。第一段最后三句指出，然而，每走一步所可能产生的后果如果不能说是无穷无尽的(infinite)，至少也可以说是多不胜数。因此，正像下棋一样，设计透镜不可能有解决问题的完美方法，设计各类透镜都是如此(The same principles apply to all lenses)。 (B)意为：在工作中可以利用各方面的帮助。第二段第一句指出，与下棋者相比，透镜的设计者有一大优势：他可以自由地运用手头上一切可利用的资源(call on any vailable source of help)，帮助他从无数可能性中做出选择。 (D)意为：整个制作过程都是一个人干。最后一句指出，透镜设计者应该感谢科技的进步，因为它使得设计工作更易操作，应用更广泛，但是，他也有其哀叹的一面(he is also humbled)：完全由一个人设计出精良的透镜的时代已经一去不复返了。 (B)第一段指出，由于联邦政府对什么是“绿色食品”(organically grown food)没有统一标准，结果，消费者经常看到令人困惑(confusing)和名不副实的(unsubstantiated)食物标签。在文章最后，作者提了两个建议：如果你真想买绿色食品，买熟人的或自己种的(后者带有幽默色彩)。A不正确。绿色食品已上市，只不过有些是滥竽充数而已。C不正确。从第二、三段我们知道，一些州已对绿色食品的审批(certification)做出了规定，联邦政府也在制定相应的规定，但这并不意味着作者嫌其他州行动缓慢。 (D)被称作“绿色食品”需要满足以下条件：三年内未使用合成农药，两三年内未使用合成肥料。参见第一段第二句和第三段第三句。A不对。因为它没有提到时间上的规定。 (C)文章最后一句是作者的两个忠告。后一个忠告(自己种)用破折号与前一个隔开，说明作者在此想取得一种特殊效果。其实，读者也不应把这一条建议当真对待，因为，绝大多数人没有时间、没有地方也不知道怎样种庄稼。相反，第一个建议(买熟人的)却是很实际的。因此，B不正确而C对。A不正确，因为许多标签名不副实。见第(63)题题解。D不正确。消费者根本无从验证。 (A)第三段第一句指出，有关绿色食品的立法，国会正在讨论。该句中make its way through 意为：“通过”、“获得批准”。由于本句用了正在进行时态，所以指尚未通过或批准。B意为：“已生效”；C意为：“由美国农业部负责”，注意第三段第二句用的是过去将来时态，表示推测；D意为：“由于国会有分歧而搁浅”。 (D)文章第一段第四句指出，那个孩子经常有些稀奇古怪的幻想(fantasies)，第五句解释说(put 在此意为：“解释”)，这些幻想形象地表明(dramatize)了孩子的困惑：他究竟是生活在一个充满爱的家里还是生活在一个残忍、陌生(alien)而只是状若(masquraded as)愉快的环境里呢?C意为：“由缺乏爱所致”。 (C)masqurade 意为：“伪装”、“掩饰”。 (A)生活于困惑中是痛苦的，因此，孩子想通过幻想来摆脱(dispel)对父亲的困惑(参考第一段最后一句)。当他摆脱不了困惑时，他的生活中出现了一些情不自禁的行为(behave compulsively)。只在石面上走而不踏土面(这里“土面”与“石面”对孩子来说代表两种道路选择)就是孩子想解决他的问题--他的困惑--的心理尝试。参考第三段前半段。D意为：“他遭受着情感上的折磨，已经疯了。”其实，已经疯了就不会再有情感上的痛苦了。 (D)父亲的辩解与祖父的指责使孩子更加困惑。父亲的辩解与相反的指责实际上恰恰与孩子对父亲的矛盾心理相合，是他心理上的对话，不同的是，对孩子和其文章来讲，祖父是第三者。因此，最后一句指出，所有这些看起来很矛盾的表现使这个孩子成长为一个性情游移不定(shifting back and forth)的人，除了一些生活琐事外，他无力决断(take a stand)。B意为：“证明他父亲的性格是扭曲的。”虽然这也许是事实，但是，这不是这一例子旨在说明的。 Part IV EnglishChinese Translation 短文大意：已有4600年之久的埃及金字塔的设计师伊姆霍特普已发现使建筑物永存的三因素：形状、规模和土地。把建筑物的巨大重量分摊在广阔地面上，重心远离边缘，金字塔就不会倒塌。圆屋顶能使建筑物具有强度和硬度，但强度和硬度在地震中由于缺乏“弹性”而成为破坏建筑物的重大因素。砖和钢筋混凝土建筑物尤其危险，土地的来回移动能使建筑物倒塌。 这是一个简单句。句架是a pyramid cannot topple over。句首spreading…以及with a centre…都是表示原因的状语。句子中topple over作“倒塌”讲。 这是一个并列复合句,由and连接，但后面的谓语动词are省略了。句架是They are: six…,and all to…。前面句子中they指金字塔，冒号后的内容说明over engineered。 and 后跟的句子中all指six million tonnes of…to house…作表语，谓语动词are省略了。no bigger than可理解为省略了which are的定语从句，修饰a few burial chambers。句子中in the case of作“就……而言”讲；the Great Pyramid of Gizeh指吉萨(地名)大金字塔。Semi-defached houses指半分离或半独立式的房子。 这是一个并列复合句，前后两句由and连接。句架是the sand foundation of…give way, and…tonne of…came…。句子中Meidum是地名；give way这里指倒塌。 这是一个简单句。句架是foundation Could…destroy…,…。toppling…是分词短语作状语，despite having是介词短语作状语，修饰toppling.句子中Leaning Tower of Pisa是意大利的比萨斜塔。 这是一个简单句，冒号后面的并列复合句是用来说明前面内容的。句架是…skyscrapers fare pretty well: their…size makes…and the foundations and frames are…。句子中fare作“进展情况”讲；all but作“几乎”、“差不多”讲。 Part V Writing (15 points) 参考范文 ????Many college students take advantage of the school holidays to travel, their destinations varying from natural scenic spots to towns or cities rich in historic legacy and cultural heritage.But quite a few of them know little about what they should do in preparation for a successful travel, which is far from merely buying tickets,taking enough money and coming back feeling exhausted. In fact, go travelling is a valuable form of extracurricular learning. ????Then how shall we prepare for a travel?First,make a proper choice of your destination.This depends on your interests, or whether you like visiting natural scenic spots or historic spots, and the time,money,and energy you can afford. A comprehensive and appropriately scheduled travel of 3 days is much better than either a superficial and tightly scheduled travel of 2 days or a dilatory travel of 4 days. Secondly, once you make up your mind, find out about your destination. ????When you visit a place, you are not supposed to only look at the things and the people there without reflection. You are to acquaint yourself beforehand with the historical background,cultural traces, historic landmarks, folk legends, local customs, museums, art galleries, and even the most famous dishes and snacks around that region.Thus, when you get to your destination, you will be able to decide what you will spend more time on and what less. ????The actual travel, apart from sightseeing,provides us with a rare occasion of experiencing a life style different from our own.This can be achieved most efficiently through our getting ourselves involved in life there. When we first get to a place, we can buy some local newspapers to find out what is going on there. If there happens to be a Beer Festival, Water Melon Festival, or whatever kinds of fairs, we might as well spare some time and go participating.It is great enjoyment,indeed,to find out the clothes on vogue among the local people,to listen to their bargaining in dialect,and all that.If you travel like this, you are sure not to miss the chance of widening your vision of knowledge.