模拟试题[18]  Simulated Test [PREVIOUS] [NEXT] Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points) It is requested that an applicant whose undergraduate work is done at another institution _____ two copies of undergraduate transcripts and degrees directly to the dean of the graduate school. A．must send B．send C．are to send D．need send Many farmers came to the city, _____ jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities of life in the city. A．looking for B．to look for C．having looked for D．looked for Alcohol is highly unusual _____ at least twenty percent of it is absorbed directly into the bloodstream. A．in consequence of which B．provided that C．so that D．in that His features were agreeable;his body, _____ slight of build,had something of athletic outline. A．somehow B．as C．though D．somewhat Electronic computers, _____ many advantages,cannot carry out creative work or replace man. A．though having had B．which have C．even if having D．over which have We advocate _____ the economic,cultural and religious traditions of all national minorities. A．to respect B．to be respected C．respecting D．having respected This is so difficult a problem that the scientist is known to _____ it for about ten years. A．have worked on B．have been working on C．be working on D．work on I would have passed the college entrance examinations _____ I misread some of the questions and gave the wrong answers. A．but B．because C．as D．in that Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way you can avoid it, _____ you can avoid being hungry. A．much more than B．no more than C．any more than D．no less than We decided against installing the new heating apparatus for the reason _____ it would be too costly. A．why B．which C．that D．as Section B Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5 points) Statistics from (A) the developed countries suggest that it is (B) only when (C) people's living standards begin to rise does birth rate begin to fall. (D) It is only natural that a 2year old child, having just learned (A) to move about, trys (B) to reach for (C) things he is not supposed (D) to be touching. For the human species to survive (A) over time, their (B) members must regularly reproduce.Thus women must, whether at home or in the labor force, (C) make the (D) most of their physical appearance. From industrial beginnings (A) in the nineteenth century,plastics struggled (B) through (C) a hundred and twenty years of glory,failure,disrepute and suspicion on the slow road to (D) public acceptance. Freezing does not make canned fruits (A) unsafe to eat unless (B) it breaks the seal of the container and lets in (C) bacteria that causes (D) spoilage. Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle (A) as men for their body mass.That is why (B) an average woman can't lift as much (C) ,throw as far, and hit as hard (D) as an average man. For any Englishman,there can never be any discussion as to (A) who is the world's greatest poet and greatest dramatist.Only one name can possibly (B) suggest itself to us (C) : that of (D) William Shakespeare. He appears to be absorbed (A) in the sports news (B) on the back pages of his paper and ignores (C) the hurried (D) crowd. American footfall, which (A) I know little, seems to be (B) an exciting (C) sports (D) game. Surprisingly (A) as it (B) may seem,the united states a relatively new nation has (C) the world's oldest organized (D) trade union movement. Section C Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) I'd like John to have the job, but if he doesn't accept it, we'll have to _____ a less experienced man. A．fall back on B．resort to C．turn on D．look up to There was tremendous excitement in the streets and the shouting didn't _____ till after midnight. A．die away B．die down C．die off D．die out Many English boys go to boarding school at the age of seven. They usually _____ quickly and are very happy. A．get along B．carry on C．bring up D．settle down He agreed to take my classes while I was away, but he _____ . He never turned up for any of them. A.backed me up B．gave himself away C．let me down D．lived up to me Alcohol abuse is the most serious drug problem in the United States today. _____ Dr.Chavetz believes that alcohol can do more good than harm if it is properly controlled. A．Anyway B．Nevertheless C．Meanwhile D．Otherwise Their ideas about occupation for men and women are not as _____ as older people's ideas are. A.stern B．harsh C．rigid D．serious My daughter is entering a new _____ of development now that she is starting school. A.span B．era C．phase D．sphere A telephone directory is a book with large _____ ，a successful book so often reprinted as to make any author envious. A．publication B．popularity C．registration D．circulation Since she took up Women's Lib, she has stopped _____ her husband on every point of difference between them: she sticks to her guns. A．giving in to B．putting up with C．turning to D．falling in with State governments and other governmental agencies, special foundation, and the college themselves _____ many scholarships to students with special abilities and to those with financial needs. A．allot B．grant C．present D．assign Most of the newly invented technical terms are _____ special discussions,and seldom get into general literature or conversation. A．entitled to B．involved in C．confined to D．absorbed in The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transportation and is, therefore, not _____ to work locally. A．compelled B．obliged C．restricted D．repelled In more general use are inexpensive chopsticks of bamboo or wood that can be bought in _____ of pairs; 10 is the usual number. A．bunches B．bundles C．units D．pieces Postage rates depends upon several factors the type of communication,the _____ ，the weight and the method of transportation. A．distribution B．termination C．destination D．delivery Most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic congestion. In fact, any advantage gained in comfort is often cancelled out in city driving by the _____ caused by traffic jams. A．frustration B．disturbance C．nuisance D．confusion I should have been quite willing to lend him the book he asked for,but I didn't have it with me _____ . A．of the moment B．for the moment C．on the moment D．to the moment As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, _____ is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. A．persistence B．regularity C．consistency D．conformity Culture includes the beliefs and attitudes we learn. It is the _____ of behavior that helps people to live together and make one group of people different from another group. A．format B．pattern C．form D．mode The idea of using wind and solar energy as power sources is _____ new but is receiving increasing attention partly because these resources are nonpollutant. A．in no way B．in a way C．at one time D．at times Physical exercises and games can provide change from work, allow relief of nervous _____ ,help to correct certain physical deficiencies and protect against illness. A．pressure B．stress C．tension D．anxiety Part II Cloze Test Directions：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) ????In the past,permanence was the ideal. 41 engaged in handcrafting a pair of boots or in constructing a cathedral,all man's creative and productive energies went 42 maximizing the 43 of the product.Man built to last.He had to. 44 the society around him was relatively unchanging each object had clearly defined functions,and economic logic 45 the policy of permanence.Even if they had to be repaired now 46 ,the boots that cost fifty dollars and lasted ten years were less expensive than those that cost ten dollars and lasted only a year. ????As the general rate of change in society 47 ,however,the economics of permanence are and must be replaced by the economics of 48 .First,advancing technology 49 to lower the costs of manufacture much more rapidly than the costs of repair work.This means that it often becomes cheaper to replace than to repair.It is economically sensible to build cheap,unrepairable,throwaway objects, 50 they may not last as long as repairable objects. 41．A．Those B．If C．Once D．Whether 42．A．about B．after C．on D．towards 43．A．facility B．efficiency C．durability D．stability 44．A．Although B．Unless C．Even if D．As long as 45．A．indicated B．dictated C．prescribed D．implied 46．A．or later B．or never C．and then D．and later 47．A．accelerates B．amplifies C．alternates D．anticipates 48．A．transience B．dominance C．prominence D．endurance 49．A．tempts B．tends C．turns D．tunes 50．A．as if B．and yet C．but then D．even though Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points) Passage 1 ????In a democratic society citizens are encouraged to form their own opinions on candidates for public office, taxes, constitutional amendments, environmental concerns, foreign policy, and other issues. The opinions held by any population are shaped and manipulated by several factors: individual circumstances, the mass media, specialinterest groups, and opinion leaders. ????Wealthy people tend to think differently on social issues from poor people. Factory workers probably do not share the same views as whitecollar collar, nonunion workers. Women employed outside their homes sometimes have perspectives different from those of fulltime homemakers. In these and other ways individual status shapes one's view of current events. ????The mass media, especially television, are powerful influences on the way people think and act. Government officials note how mail from the public tends to“follow the headlines.” Whatever is featured in newspapers and magazines and on television attracts enough attention that people begin to inform themselves and to express opinions. ????The mass media have also created larger audiences for government and a wider range of pubic issues than existed before. Prior to television and the national editions of newspapers, issues and candidates tended to remain localized. In Great Britain and West Germany, for example, elections to the national legislatures were usually viewed by voters as local contests. Today's elections are seen as struggles between party leaders and programs. In the United States radio and television have been beneficial to the presidency. Since the days of Franklin D.Roosevelt and his“fireside chats,”presidents have appealed diectly to a national audience over the heads of Congress to advocate their programs. ????Specialgroups spend vast sums annually trying to influence public opinion. Public utilities, for instance, tried to sway public opinion in favor of nuclear power plants. Opposed to them were citizens' organizations that lobbied to halt the use of nuclear power. During the 1960s the American Medical Association conducted an unsuccessful advertising campaign designed to prevent the passage of medicare. ????Opinion leaders are usually such prominent public figures as politicians, showbusiness personalites, and celebrity atheltes. The opinions of these individuals, whether informed and intelligent or not, carry weight with some segments of the population. Some individuals, such as Nobel prizewinners, are suddenly thrust into public view by the media. By quickly reaching a large audience, their views gain a hearing and are perhaps influential in shaping views on complex issues. The second paragraph is mainly about _____ . A．the influence of gender on people's view B．the influence of people's status on their view C．the influence of living standard on people's view D．the influence of different ranks on people's view The expression“follow the headlines”shows _____ . A．people seldom have time to read newspaper articles B．people think the headlines contain the most important information C．people often get their opinions from newspapers or television D．most people look on newspapers or TV as misleading Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．TV programs have a strong influence on governmental policy. B．Chats on televisions are chief means for running for presidency. C．More and more people show interest in politics because of TV. D．Before the use of TV, people showed little interest in politics. It is obvious that the opinion of famous people _____ . A．is often ignored by the public B．is seldom expressed to the point C．is often imposed on the public D．has a strong influence on people Passage 2 ????To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid1860's to the mid1800's, three primary causes interacted. The emergence of a halfdozen leaders in edcuation provided the personal force that was needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction arose among the alumni(校友)and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode all conservative opposition. The aggressive“Young Yale”movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more liberal spirit, and a broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard College simultanceously rallied(聚集)to relieve the college's poverty and demand new enterprise. Education was pushing toward higher standards in the East by throwing off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new sense of public duty. ????The oldstyle classical education received its most crushing blow in the citadel of Harvard College, where Dr.Charles Eliot, a young captain of thirtyfive, son of a former treasure of Harvard, led the progressive forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the first years of Dr. Eliot's administration. They were the elevation and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the curriculum and the develpoment of the elective system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and the fostering of greater maturity in student life. Standards of admission were sharply advanced in 1872-1873 and 1876-1877.By the appointment of a dean to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and less as young animals. One new course of study after another was opened up:science, music, the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics, classical philology, and international law. Which of the following is the author's main purpose in writing the passage? A．To present the history of Harvard College and compare it with that of Yale University. B．To criticize the conditions of the U.S. universities in the 19th century. C．To describe innovations in the U.S.higher education in the latter 1800's. D．To introduce what was happening in major U.S.universities before the turn of the century. According to the passage, the educational changes were the result of _____ . A．plans developed by conservative and church leaders B．efforts of interested individuals to redefine the educational system C．the demands of social organization seeking financial relief D．rallies held by westerners wanting to compete with eastern schools Before the change, Harvard _____ . A．was short of financial aid B．offered a narrower range of subjects C．was not strict with its students D．all of the above Form the passage, which of the following can be inferred about Harvard College before progressive changes occurred? A．Admission standards were lower. B．Students were younger. C．Classes ended earlier. D．Courses were more practical. Passage 3 ????A million years have been added to man's evolutionary history.While anthropologists once estimated the age of Zinjanthropus,the earliest toolmaking creature,as more than 600000 years,a recent radioactive dating measurement,based on volcanic rock samples from East Africa,where Zinjanthropus was discovered in 1959,now indicates that this primitive man may have roamed the earth 1750000 years ago.The new date pushes evidence for the emergence of toolmaking one of the two essential attributes of humanity back into the Pliocene Age,and it seems to fit more easily into the picture of human evolution than the 600000 year figure. ????The Zinjanthropus was capable of walking erect,so that its hands were freed,and it had a brain large enough to enable it to perform such simple tasks as making primitive cutting tools from quartz rock.The Zinjanthropus was not a man of the modern species,homo sapiens,but many anthropolgists see in the creature a type that could be very close to,if not actually in,the line of human evolution.The Zinjanthropus must be classified as a man,albeit(尽管)of a primitive type,because no animal species other than man both makes and uses tools. ????Anthropologists consider it probable that the larger brain and higher intelligence of modern man evolved as primitive manlike creatures learned to use tools and to communicate by speech the other essential of humanity.Such a course of evolution seems more reasonable starting nearly two million years ago than it would at the faster evolutionary pace required if the process started only a half million years ago. A million years are added to man's past by the _____ . A．unearthing(出土)of Zinjanthropus B．discovery of some primitive tools C．dating of rock samples from East Africa D．invention of a radioactive dating process This leads anthropologists to believe that _____ . A．the pattern of human evolution was not what has been generally supposed B．the evolutionary pace was faster than was supposed C．primitive intelligence must be reevaluated D．previous theories of human evolution are correct The Zinjanthropus can be called a man because _____ . A.it made and used tools B.it walked erect C.its brain directed its toolmaking D.it probably communicated by speech The new date fits the human evolutionary pattern more easily than the old because it _____ . A．allows a more reasonable evolutionary pace B．indicates man is younger than was believed C．establishes the existence of man in the Pliocene Age D．indicates that man is nearly two million years old Passage 4 ????“Magic bullets”,this term sounds like the invention of a fantasy writer, but in fact, it represents a longstanding dream of medical scientists. The dream: to find ways of homing in on and destroying diseased cells, such as cancer cells, while leaving healthy cells unharmed. It is a tantalizing idea but a highly elusive one, and for years reseachers could not quite make it work. ????The search for magic bullets began early in this century with the work of a brilliant German bacteriologist, Paul Ehrlich, who coined the term magic bullets, noticed that certain dyes were taken up by a variety of infectious microorganisms. That observation led him to the idea of chemically hitching a toxin(poison)such as arsenic to a dye to kill the microbes(germs)that cause syphilis and other diseases. Although his efforts had only limited success, they led to the concept of“chemotherapy”,the use of chemicals to treat disease. ????In later years, other investigators began looking for chemicals to kill cancer cells that have metastasized, or spread to other parts of the body. Metastasis is what makes cancer so deadly. A cancerous tumor can be removed surgically. But if even one or two cancer cells have broken away from a tumor, they can travel through the circulatory system and start new tumors elsewhere in the body. By the 1980's, researchers had developed some 40 drugs for killing cancer cells. These chemicals generally act by entering and destroying cells that are in the process of dividing rapidly. The problem is that many normal cells, such as hair cells and the cells of the intestines(肠),also reproduce rapidly, and so they too absorb a large dose of the chemical. That is why cancer patients receiving chemotherapy often experience hair loss, nausea, and other unpleasant side effects. That is why chemotherapy usually does not cure a patient with metastasized cancer. If enough of the drug is given to kill all the cancer cells, the drug may well kill the patient, too. As we can see from the passage, the“magic bullet”really refers to _____ . A．a kind of chemicals B．a kind of instrument C．a specific kind of cell D．a way of treatment In treating cancer patient, chemotherapy _____ . A．has proved to be effective B．has no effect at all C．often kill the patient D．has some limited effect Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The first satisfactory magic bullet was developed by a German bacteriologist B．drugs for cancer often kill the patient along with the cancerous cells C．drugs for cancer often have some unpleasant side effects D．magic bullets proved to be effective only on ordinary cancer patients The expression“home in on”in the third sentence of paragraph 1 probably means _____ . A．locate B．kill C．reach D．invent Passage 5 ????There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns.It is sometimes placed among“situations vacant”,although it is not offer anyone a job,and sometimes it appears among“situation wanted”,although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either.What it does is to offer help in applying for a job. ????“Contact us before writing your application”,or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”is how it is usually expressed.The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is,of course,a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history),with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right. ????There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application.“Just put down your name,address,age and whether you have passed any exams”was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school.The letter was really just for openers,it was explained,everything else could and should be saved for the interview.And in those days of full employment the technique worked.The letter proved that you could write and were available for work.Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest. ????Later,as you moved up the ladder,something slightly more sophisticated was called for.The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest.It might be the aggressive approach.“Your search is over.I am the person you are looking for” was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job in view. ????There is no doubt,however,that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns _____ . A.informs job hunters of the opportunities available B.promises useful advice to those looking for employment C.divides available jobs into various types D.informs employers of people available for work Nowadays a demand for this specialised type of service has been created because _____ . A.there is a lack of jobs available for unievsity graduates B.there are so many toplevel jobs available C.great importance is attached to written application D.jobs are becoming so varied that one needs advice to choose the right one In the past it was expected that firstjob hunters would _____ . A.write an initial letter giving their life history B.pass some exams before applying for a job C.have no qualifications other than being able to read and write D.keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview The job history has become such an important document because _____ . A.there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertised B.there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degrees C.jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadays D.othersupporting experiences for jobs are no longer required. Part IV EnglishChinese Translation Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points) ????There can be no doubt that the computer revolution has touched virtually every person in the country in some way or other. ????Nor can there be any doubt that it has brought tremendous improvements in productivity and efficiency.(71) Indeed, there are many tasks undertaken by computers that could not be done without them, and we have reached the point that the benefits of computerization are taken for granted. ????Having accepted that computers are here to stay, what is the downside?(72) The most obvious answer is that becuse of increased efficiency, less people are needed and the loss of jobs, particularly in the service industries, has been enormous, with more job losses yet to come. ????However, on a more insidious note, many users have not realized how computers have introduced vulnerability to their business; If computers are soon a boon, how do we cope when something goes wrong? ????Computers have many uses, varying form pure accounting or backoffice sytems to stock or produciton control, or computeraided design or manufacturing.(73) In many instances, manual systems can quickly be introduced to ensure some continuity of the business; but in many cases if the computer is down, so is the business. ????The most probable causes of interruption in the past have been accidental damage or breakdown, and these can usually be dealt with expeditiously. However, in recent times the exposure causing most concern to insurers have been theft. ????(74) Initally the problem was the theft of PCs, and because most of these were based in offices which had not been targeted by thieves in the past, and thus had relatively poor security, losses mounted very quickly. It was common practice for a thief to make a fresh visit once the equipment had been replaced, as the new equipment would be more attractive due to rapid technological advances. The equipment would usually be covered by insurance, but problems could be experienced if there were no backups of date and/or programmes. ????The initial reaction by insurers was to step up requests for security improvements, including alarms and devices such as lockdown plates or cables. (75) However, the criminal fraternity quickly came to realize that the real value in the computers is in the chip which is remarkably portable and unidentifiable, so even when caught the police have trouble proving the theft. This led to even greater demands for security, including encapsulation and computer safes. Part V Writing(15 Points) DIRECTIONS： A.Title: PEOPLE AND SCIENCE B.Time limit:40 minutes C.Word limit:no less than 150 words(not including the given opening sentence) D.Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: When sciences mentioned… E.Your composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. OUTLINE: 1.Importance of science 2.Its influence on society 3.Its influence on people 研究生入学考试模拟英语试题[18]讲评： [词汇与结构] [完型填空] [阅读理解] [英译汉] [写作] Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A (B) 动词request 要求其主语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句中谓语动词用“should+原形”或直接用原形，表示虚拟。该句中 that 引导的是主语从句。 (A) 分词短语作伴随情况状语；选用B应去掉句中逗号，不定式作目的状语。 (D) in that…，“是因为”。provided that…，表示条件；so that 引导目的或结果状语； in consequence of which 用在此处不通。 (C) though 表示让步，意为：“虽然”。全句意思是：“他的长相令人感到愉快，身体虽然瘦小，但有点运动员的轮廓。”somehow，“不知怎么”、“不知什么原因”。as 可以引导让步从句，但句子结构要倒装，不用于省略句，因此在此处不合适。somewhat,“有几分”、“有点”，没有让步意味。 (B) which have many advantages 是非限定性定语从句，在此有让步的含义。 (C) 动词advocate 后接动名词而不接不定式作宾语。D虽然是动名词，但用其完成式在语义上讲不通。 (B) 此处用不定式完成式进行时表示：这个科学家已对如此难的问题研究了大约10年，并且还要继续研究下去。 (A) 句中but表示转折，后面陈述的是事实情况：“……看错了问题所以没答对”，暗指“若不是看错了题，就会答对而且通过考试”。因此，句子前半部分用的是虚拟语气结构would have passed。 (C) 这句用的是not any more…than…句型，意思是：“与……同样不……”，not 的含义已由前面的no体现，所以此处只需any more than…。全句的大意是：“很自然，紧张是日常生活中不可避免的，就像人们不可避免感觉饿一样。” (C) that引导同位语从句，说明reason的具体内容；而why 则引导定语从句，在此处不合语义。比较下列句子：The reason why we were late was that our car broke down(定语从句);We came late for the reason that our car broke down(同位语从句)。 Section B (D)错 应改成：that birth rate begins to fall。 此句不是以only 开头的强调结构，而是it is…that…强调结构，因此不存在倒装问题。 (B)错 应改成：try。 It is natural 后接that从句时，从句谓语动词应用“should+原形动词”或直接用动词原形，表示虚拟。 (B)错 应改成：its，作为species 一词的代词所有格形式。注意：species是复数形式，但是单数意义，如同means, series一样，切不可形义混淆，望“形”生义。 (B)错 应用现在完成时形式：have struggled, 指“从19 世纪工业化初期”至现在的情况。 (D)错 应改成：cause。bacteria 是bacterium的复数形式，属不规则变化，务必要引起注意。类似的名词如：auditorium auditoria,medium media,sanitorium sanitoria(疗养院)等。 (D)错 应改成：or hit as hard，因为是并列否定，所以不能用and，只能用or。 (C)错 应改成：him，指代前面出现的any Englishman。 (D)错 应改成现在分词：hurrying, 意为：“匆忙的人群”。 (A)错 应改成：of which，因为是know little of sth.。 (A)错 应改成形容词：surprising,因为seem是系动词，用形容词而不应用副词作表语。 Section C (A) fall back on, “求助于”、“转而依靠”；resort to,“诉诸于”、“求助”，一般不接人作宾语；turn on,“依赖”，多作非及物动词用；look up to，“尊敬”、“敬仰”。 (B) die down,“渐渐消失(减弱、熄灭、平息)”。flame， storm,excitement 可以与die down 搭配。 die away，“逐渐消逝”。voice,music,thunder 可以与die away 搭配。 die off,“一个一个死去”、“相继而亡”。die out,“消失”、“不复存在”、“灭绝”，custom 可以与 die out搭配。 (D) settle down,“安顿下来”；get along,“进展”；bring up, “抚养”、“培养”；carry on,“从事”、“继续下去”。 (C) let sb.down,“使失望”；back sb. up,“支持”；give oneself away,“露马脚”、“现原形”；live up to sb.,“不辜负”。 (B) nevertheless,“不过”；anyway,“不管怎么说”；meanwhile,“同时”；otherwise,“否则的话”、“要不然”。 (C) rigid,“僵化的”、“刚硬的”；stern,“严厉的(指人)”；harsh,“严厉的”、“苛刻的”；serious,“严肃的”、“严重的”。 (C) phase,“阶段”；span,“跨度”、“跨距”；era,“时代”；sphere,“范围”、“领域”、“球”。 (D) circulation,“流通”、“发行”，a book with large circulation,“发行量大的书”；publication,“出版”、“出版物”；popularity,“普及”、“流行”；registration,“注册”、“登记”。 (A) give in to,“让步”、“同意……”；put up with, “忍受”；turn to,“求助于”；fall in with,“符合”、“与……一致”；stick to one's guns,“坚持自己的意见”。 (B) grant,“同意”、“给予”、“授予”；allot,“分配”、“摊派”；present,“呈献”、“赠”；assign,“委派”、“分配”。 (C) confine to, “限制在……范围内”；entitle to, “给以资格(权利)做……”；involve oneself in,“参与”、“卷入”；be absorbed in,“专心致志做……”、“被……所吸引”。 (A) compel, “强迫”、“迫使”；oblige,“迫使”、“责成”；restrict,“约束”、“限制”；repel,“击退”、“抵制”。 (B) bundle,“一把”、“一捆”，a bundle of firewood (books)，“一捆柴(书)”；bunch,“一束”，a bunch of flowers (keys)，“一束花(一串钥匙)”；unit,“一套”,kitchen unit,“一套厨房用具”，unit furniture, “一套家具”；piece“件”、“块”。 (C) destination,“目的地”；distribution,“分发”；termination,“终点”；delivery,“投递”。 (A) frustration,“挫折”；disturbance,“打扰”；nuisance,“讨厌的事”、“麻烦的东西”；confusion,“混乱”。 (B) for the moment,“现在”、“暂时”；of the moment,“此刻的”、“目前的”；on the moment,“立刻”、“马上”；to the moment,“不差片刻”、“恰好”。 (C) consistency,指思想、行为的“一致(一贯)”；persistence,“坚持”；regularity,“规律性”；comformity, “与……一致”、“符合”。 (B) pattern of behavior,“行为方式”；format,“(出版物的)版式、开本”；form,“形式”；mode,“样式”、“方式”，mode of life (speech,production, thought, clothes),“生活方式(演讲方式、生产方式、思想方式、衣服款式)”。 (A) in no way,“决不”；in a way, “在某种程度上”；at one time,“曾经”；at times, “有时”。 (C) nervous tension,“神经紧张”；pressure,“压力”；mental pressure,“精神压力”；stress,“紧张”、“压力”,常和strain连在一起使用：stresses and strains of work,“紧张繁重的工作”；anxiety,“担忧”、“焦虑”。 Part Ⅱ Cloze Test 短文大意：过去人们以产品耐用为理想。因为社会相对无变化，每件物品有其明确作用，经济规律便决定了持久方针。然而，随着社会变革速度加快，持久型经济必然被短暂型经济所取代。 段首句译文：“过去，持久是人们的理想。” (D) whether 本句主语为all man's…energies。engaged in为分词状语，故 A.Those可排除。B.If(如果)，C.Once(一旦)和 D.Whether(是否)均为连词，可带分词做状语，但从上下文逻辑及本句 or 分析，只有D是正确选择。 (D) towards go与不同介词搭配，意义不同。go about意为：“着手于”；go on意为：“继续干”；go after意为：“追逐”、“追求”。因本句主语为energies，故A.about,B.after与C.on均不合理。go有“花费”、“用于”等意思；介词towards(toward)有“以便”、“为了”、“有助于”、“用于”等意，故D.towards符合文意。 选项用法举例：efforts towards peace,“为和平所做的努力”;His parents did a lot towards making him willing to stay.“他的双亲做了很大努力想要他自愿留下。”He is saving money towards a new car.“他正攒钱来买一辆新车。” A foreign language will go far towards widening our mental horizon,“外语会大大帮助我们开阔思想境界。”Half of our salary goes on food and clothes for children.“我们半数的工资用来给孩子们买食品和衣服。” (C) durability A.facility 意为：“设备”、“便利”；B.efficiency意为：“效率”、“功效”；C.durability意为：“持久性”、“耐久性”；D.stability意为：“稳定”。根据段首句点出的文章主题以及上下文中的 permanance 和 to last 可以判断出,只有 durability 符合逻辑，故选D。 译文：“无论是手工缝制一双靴子还是修建一座大教堂，人的全部创造力和生产力都用来尽量延长产品的耐久性。人在制造时以持久为目标，他不得不如此。” (D) As long as 上下文及本句的并列主句(each object … and economic logic…)的意思规定引导状语从句的连词只能用表示条件的D.As long as(只要)。A.Although(虽然)，B.Unless(除非)和C.Even if(即使)都不合逻辑。 (B) dictated A.indicated(表明、暗示)和D.implied(暗示、含……的意思)都不能说明过去为什么以持久为理想，故排除。C.prescribed虽也有“指定”、“规定”的意思，但其主语一般指人或有“事先定好”这一层意思，却不一定有按规定执行的结果，故C不恰当。耐久方针是由当时的经济规律决定的，故B.dictated(指定、规定)为正确答案。 译文：“只要他周围的世界相对而言没有变化，每件物品便都有其明确的用途，经济规律也就决定了持久方针。” 选项用法举例：The doctor prescribed a long rest for him.“医生吩咐他长期休息。”prescribed textbooks,“指定的教科书”;penalties dictated by law,“法律规定的惩罚”;Conscience dictates truthfulness.“良心促使人吐真言。” (C) and then C.now and then是固定词组，意为：“有时”、“偶尔”；A.now or later意为：“现在或以后”；B.now or never的意思是“现在不做以后再没有机会”；D.and later不能与now构成词组作状语，从文意看，只有C是正确选择。 译文：“即使有时需要修补，那些花50美元买来能穿10年的靴子也比花10美元却只能穿一年的靴子便宜。” (A) accelerates 本题可先从搭配角度考虑。主语rate不能与B.amplifies(扩大、扩充、增强)和D.anticipates(预见、预期)作主谓搭配，首先排除B、D。C.alternates意为：“交替”、“轮流”，但此处主语为单数，不能“轮流”,故C不正确。A.accelerates意为：“加速”，既合语法要求，又合上下文意，为正确答案。 选项用法举例：Good harvests alternate with bad.“好收成与坏收成交替更叠。”Work and sleep alternated without any changes.“工作、睡觉周而复始，一成不变。”She alternated in watching the clock and staring at the telephone.“她一会儿看看钟，一会儿又盯着电话。” (A) transcience 本句中过渡词however与下文内容都揭示本句应与上文有逻辑上的转折，所以只有A.transcience(短暂、暂时、转瞬即逝、无常)为正确答案。B.dominance(优势、支配、统治地位)，C.prominence(突出、杰出)和D.endurance(忍受、持久、持续)都不合逻辑。 译文：“然而，随着整个社会变革速度的加快，持久经济便由 -并且必然会由短暂经济所取代。” (B) tends A.tempts意为：“诱惑”、“引诱”；C.turns意为：“转动”、“转向”、“变为”；D.tunes做及物动词时意为：“调音”、“调节”，做不及物动词时常与into搭配，意为：“收听”、“调谐”。从文意看，A、C、D均不恰当。B.tends有“趋向”、“往往是”的意思，符合文意，故选B。 译文：“首先，日益提高的技术水平往往使制造的成本比修理的成本降得更快，这意味着换新的常常比修旧的更便宜。” (D) even though A.as if(似乎)引导的从句表示非真实或看起来似真实的情况；B.and yet(然而)和C.but then(然而、但是)都引导表示转折的并列句，其语义重点在后半句，从上下文看，A、B、C都不恰当，只有表示让步的连词词组D.even though(即使)合乎逻辑。 译文：“从经济角度看，制造便宜、不能修理的一次性物品是明智的作法，即使这些物品不如能修理的物品寿命长。” Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (B) 意为：“人的地位对其观点的影响”。第二段指出，富人与穷人的社会观点不会一样：工厂个人和白领个人、非工会成员也许很难有共同看法，在外工作的妇女和家庭妇女有时观点不一样。本段最后一句是对该段的总结：在这些和其他方面，每个人的地位促成(shape)了他对时事的看法。 (C) 意为：“人的观点经常受报纸和电视的影响”。第三段指出，媒体-特别是电视对人的思维方式和行为模式有巨大影响。政府官员注意到：群众来信大都“跟着媒介走”(“follow the headlines”)，报纸、杂志和电视中所登载和播映的内容吸引着大众，他们开始吸收(inform themselves)这些内容并表达意见。 (C) 意为：“由于电视的存在，越来越多的人关注政治”。第四段指出，媒体的存在也使政府比以前有了更多的观众，使人们关注更广泛的社会问题。在电视和全国范围发行的报纸诞生前，焦点问题和竞选活动往往局限于某一地域。 (D) 意为：“对人们影响很大”。最后一段指出，引导公众意见的人通常是名人(prominent public figures)：政治家，演艺界人事，著名运动员。无论这些人的意见是否可行、明智，它们在某些公众心目中很有分量(carry weight)。 (C) 本文主要谈了促成19世纪60至80年代的高教(higher education)改革的三个主要因素(第一段)以及几方面的改革(第二段)。 (B) 原文第一段指出，三种力量促成了美国高等教育的改革；1)教育界出现了几位领袖(leaders)；2)耶鲁及哈佛大学校友及朋友等要求更新、更实际、更先进的(advanced)教学模式。3)摆脱教会的控制(church leadership)。 (B) 从哈佛大学改革的五项主要内容来看，改革前课程开设的数量及类别都很有限，因此，改革要求：扩充课程设置(enlargement of the curriculum)，建立选修制(elective system)，增设职业培训(professional training)等等。参考第二段第三句，另见第二段最后一句。A意为：“资金短缺”。原文第一段第一句中所说的“贫穷”(poverty)并非指没有钱，而是指生源、课程等方面的贫乏，因此，需要开辟新的领域(new entrerprise)。C不对。文章第二段第五句是说纪律问题处理不得法，不利于学生自尊心或自信心的培养，并非是说过去对学生要求不严。 (A) 在哈佛大学的五项改革内容中，提高(elevation)招生标准和扩大(amplification)招生人数都列在了首位。参考第二段第三句。C和D都不对。第二段第四句提到增设法律、医学方面的职业培训，这并非指未开设法律课程，而是强调要培养学以致用的人才，以满足社会需要。 (C) 第一段指出，人们曾一度(once)认为“东非人”(Zhinjanthropus)生活在约60万年前，但是，由于现在用了新的放射测龄方法(radioactive dating measurement)，所测定的年代向前提了100万年。D不对。放射测龄法并非现在发明的。原文只是说最近采用了这种方法。 (A) 第一段第二句指出，新的年代说法比以前的更适合于解释人类的进化过程(fit more easily into the picture of human evolution)。其含义为：人的进化没有以前认为的那样快。 (A) 第二段第三句指出，“东非人”可以算作人类，因为只有人才会制造并使用工具。D不对。第三段第一句指出，语言的使用是人区别于动物的另一特征，但本文并未提到“东非人”学会了使用语言。 (A) 参考第(60)题题解，另请参考第三段第二句。C、D表达的内容虽然也不错，但它们都不是新的年代测定更适于解释的人进化过程的理由。 (A) 原文中找不到对“魔弹”的直接定义，但从第二段和第三段的治疗过程描述来看，它指的是一种化学剂(chemical)，用于治疗疾病的化学疗法(chemotherapy):找出病变细胞(diseased cells)并消灭之。 (D) “魔弹”寻找快速分裂的细胞(cells that are in the process of dividing rapidly)并摧毁它们。但是，它们有时难免真假难辨，将正在快速分裂的健康细胞也破坏了，造成许多不良的副作用(side effect)，反而没有起到它应有的功效--摧毁扩散的癌(metastasized cancer)细胞。所以，化学疗法有其局限性(limited effect)。参考第三段。B不对。第三段倒数第二句指出，化学疗法通常治疗不了癌 扩散病人。C不对。第三段最后一句只是一种假设，而且，它是有条件的假设。 (C) 参阅对第(64)题的分析。A不对。德国细菌学家爱利克想到了用化学疗法治疗疾病，但他的研究只取得了非常有限的成果(limited success),因此，并非令人满意。参考第二段最后一句。另请参考第(64)题题解。 (A) home in on 意为：“追踪”、“找寻”。 (B) 文中所提到的新型广告不是招聘广告(it does not offer anyone a job)，也不是求职广告(it is not placed by someone looking for a job either)。它旨在帮助申请工作的人写好履历(curriculum vitae)，为获得工作做好充分的准备。参考第一段和第二段第二句。 (C) 第二段第二、三句谈到了新型广告兴起的两个原因：1)它反映了目前的高失业率；2)它表明写好履历越来越重要了。第三段第三、四句又指出，过去，申请信只不过起一个先导作用(opener)，重要的是面试。而今，在充分就业的情况下，(申请)技巧就尤为重要(the technique worked)，如：写好申请能证明你写作水平高，并且已为接受这份工作做好准备，而你渴望的表情和机智的应答可以留待会面时再展现。 (D) 参阅第(68)题题解，另请参阅第三段。 (B) 文章最后一段指出，目前，工作申请者大都是受到各式各样的大学教育的人，显然，这解释了为什么写好履历尤为重要。由于多数人都受过大学教育，大家旗鼓相当，这时写好履历，突出自己的独特特征，以达到鹤立鸡群之效果尤为重要。 Part IV EnglishChinese Translation 短文大意：电脑革命实际上以这种或那种方式影响到每个人，大大提高了生产率和工作效率。有许多任务是靠电脑完成的，没有电脑，这些任务就无法完成，因而电脑化的好处是理所当然的。 但电脑化也有其消极面。最明显的是由于提高了工作效率而使许多人失业。 电脑最近也受到偷盗的干扰。保险公司要求加强安全措施，包括安装警报系统。但偷盗者认识到，电脑中真正值钱的东西是芯片(或叫集成电路片)，这是可以随身携带和无法识别的，即使当场被抓住，警察也难以证明是偷来的。 这是一个并列复合句，前后两句由and 连接。句架是there are many tasks undertaken…computers that…,and we have reached the point that…。在前面的句子里，that引导定语从句，修饰tasks；在后面的句子里that引导的名词从句是point的同位语从句。句子中take for granted是“理所当然”的意思。 这是一个简单复合句。句架是The…answer is that…less people are needed and the loss…has been enormons…。在that引导的表语从句中前后是两个并列句，由and连接；句中With more job losses yet to come是介词短语用作伴随状语。 这是一个并列复合句，前后两句由but连接。句架是manual systems can be introduced to…but…if the computer is down, so is the business。后半句是一个主从复合句，主句是so is the business，相当于the business is down too，这是一种避免重复的省略表达。 这是一个并列复合句，前后两个句子由and连接。句架是the problem was the theft…,and because most of these were based in offices which…,and thus had poor security, losses mounted very quickly。在后的句子里，主句是losses mounted…，前面是原因状语从句，由两个并列的谓语组成；which引导定语从句，修饰offices。 句子中pc指个人电脑；security在这里是“安全防范措施”的意思。 这是一个并列复合句，两个句子由so连接。句架是the fraternity…came to realize that…value is in the chip which…so when caught the police have trouble…。在前面句子里that 引导句词从句，作realise的宾语；后面句子里when caught是过去分词作状语，when canght即when the thief was caught; proving是现在分词，修饰trouble。句子中criminal fraternity指偷盗贼们。 Part V Writing (15 points) 参考范文 ????When science is mentioned, some people often think that science has nothing to do with ordinary people. Is it right? Can we realise our modernization with a high illiterate rate of about 10% of its toal population? Absolutely not! Nor canwe produce high quality products with a lot of poorskilled labourers, not to mention about catching up with the advanced science and technology in the world with 90% of its young people who cannot receive higher education. In fact, science is a decisive factor for any country's development. Without science, the develonment of society and progress of humnan race are imposible. ????When asked about science, some people will immediately associate it with many scientific discoveries such as computer, TV, satellite and so on. It is true that science has revolutionized our way of living and changed the lives of millions of people. It has become the new“magic” capable of doing everything. The latest gadgets and devices around you for a better living have come as a result of scientific studies. In modern society, man can hardly live without penicilin, telephone, TV and computer. ????But the true values of science do not merely lie in these things. Rather, they lie in the way in which science contributes to man's physical, intelletual and mental wellbeing. science has not only improved people's standard of living, but most importantly, their uderstanding and their opportunities for spiritual and intellectual growth. More than any other subject, science has freed people from ignorance and has mutiplied their energies, hopes and ambitions. Undoutedly, China needs to popularize science among people in order to promote its development.