New Horizon English
Book 1
Unit 8
Pre-reading activity,(20ms)
Ⅰ,Background Information
1,Richard Wagner (1813-1883),the greatest
composer of German opera,made a major addition
to the nature of opera through his writings about and
the creation of music drama,Music drama combines
singing,orchestra,verse,story,drama and spectacle,
Wagner's works include the "The Ring of the
Nibelung" (1853-1874),a set of four operas based
on historical German stories,For an introduction to
Wagner as well as other resources on the Internet,
please visit
http://www.ffaire.com/wagner/index.html or
http://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/music/.
http://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/music/.
2,The Rhinegold,the first of the four operas in the "Ring" cycle,
exemplifies Wagner's theory of music drama in its purest form.
3,La Spezia is an industrial port and Italy's chief naval station in
northwest Italy,Wagner visited here in 1853 when he left his exile
in Switzerland to which he had escaped during World War II,For
more information such as maps and photos,etc,of La Spezia,
please visit http://www.itwg.com/ct_00067.asp (or
http://www.itwg.com in general),
4,Henri Poincare (1854-1912),a great French mathematics and
theoretical science professor at the Sorbonne (University of Paris),
had a highly original influence on the development of pure and
applied mathematics,He also worked on functions that changed
celestial mechanics,helped pioneer algebraic topology and co-
discovered the special theory of relativity,For further introduction
to his works,please visit http://www-
chaos.umd.edu/misc/poincare.html.
5,Descartes,Rene (1596-1650),a famous French philosopher,
mathematician and scientist,was one of the most influential thinkers in
history,He is considered the founder of both modern philosophy and
analytic geometry,During his life,established ideas were being
challenged,so he tried to develop a way to reach the truth,He based his
theory that the world is made up of mind and matter on a concept that
came to him in a dream,For further information,check out the webpage
at http://www.xrefer.com/entry/551791.
6,cogito ergo sum,is Latin for "I think; therefore,I exist," a key point
in Descartes' philosophy,He claimed that the only thing anyone can be
certain of is that s/he thinks and,therefore,s/he exists,The "I" is the
mind which can exist without being
extended so that it can in principle survive the death of the body,You can
check out the webpage at http://www.xrefer.com/entry/551611 for further
information.
Ⅱ Lead-in Activity
Discuss in group the following topics
1,Where do you think good ideas come from especially when you
are faced with a difficult issue?
2,Tell a story about the birth of great ideas,for example,the birth
of great invention,etc.
While-reading Activity
Ⅰ words and phrases:
satisfactory a,good enough to be pleasing,or for a purpose,rule,
standard,etc,令人满意的
Sales are up 20% from last year,that's very satisfactory,销售额比去年增加了 20%，非常令人满意。
This method of heating is not satisfactory for large buildings.这一取暖办法用于大型建筑物并不令人满意。
Flash vi.
1,(of an idea) to come suddenly 突然产生（想法、灵感）
The idea flashed into his mind,他突然想到了这个主意。
Then it flashed upon me that she was his wife,我突然想到她是他的妻子。
2move very fast 飞驰，掠过
The days seem to flash by,光阴似箭。
Particularly ad,especially 特别是
More local employment will be created,particularly in service
industries,地方将提供更多的就业机会，尤其是服务行业。
I cannot leave him,particularly now,我不能离开他，尤其是现在。
glow vi.
1.produce light and heat without fire发光，发热
Colored lights glowed on the celebration night,节日之夜灯火辉煌。
2,show strong or warm color 呈现鲜艳的颜色
Maple leaves glowed red in the sunlight.枫叶在阳光下闪耀着红光。
The sunset glowed with color,日落时天空中呈现出耀眼的色彩。
creation n,creating创造
Does the government argue against the creation of an separate
Scottish government? 政府是不是反对成立一个独立的苏格兰政府？
The creation of new playgrounds will benefit the local children,建立新的运动场地将会使当地儿童受益。
mystery n,something that is not fully understood 谜
Who had taken the book? It was a mystery,谁把书拿走了？ 这是个谜 。
Why he went there is a mystery to me.他为什么上那儿去对我来说是个谜 。
reasonable a,showing common sense; fair 合理的,适当的
He gave me a reasonable explanation,他给了我一个合理的解释 。
I had a reasonable solution to the problem,我想到了一个解决这个问题的合理办法 。
psychologist n.a person trained and educated to perform
psychological research,testing,and treatment 心理学家
You may turn to the psychologist for help.你可以到那位心理学家那儿寻求帮助 。
process n.a connected set of actions or events that produce
continuation or slow change 过程,进程
The firm is now in the process of moving the main equipment to a
new place,公 司 目 前 正 在 把 主 要 设 备 迁 到 新 地 址 去 。
Producing a dictionary is a slow process,编撰一本词典是一个缓慢的过程 。
individual n.a human being regarded as unique 个体,个人
She always treated her clients as individuals,她总是把每个客户视 为 不 同 的 个 体 。
The rights of the individual are sometimes the most important
rights in a free society,在自由社会里有时个人的权利是最为重要的权利 。
contrast n,(with,between) unlikeness or difference shown by
comparing objects or people 对照,( 对 照 中 的 ) 差异
This appears big in contrast with that,同那个相比,这个显得很大 。
The contrast between the two ideas is sharp,这两种想法的差异很明显 。
mathematician n,a person gifted or learned in mathematics数学家
Hua Luogeng is a great mathematician,华罗庚是一位伟大的数学家 。
combination n,something that results from two or more things,
(esp,chemicals) being combined结合,合并 ;【 化 】 化合物
His nature is a combination of strength and kindness,他的性格柔中寓刚 。
After the general election,a combination of parties formed the new
government.大选后,各政党联合组成了新政府 。
Ⅱ Language Points
Language Point 1
No satisfactory way exists to explain how to form a good idea,
(Para,1) Meaning,There is not a way good enough to explain how
to find or develop a good idea.
Language Point 2
No satisfactory way exists..,(Para,1) satisfactory,a,good enough
to be pleasing,or for a purpose,rule,standard,etc.
This heater is satisfactory; it does give enough heat,这取暖器效果令人满意，释放热量充足。
The design of the kitchen is satisfactory,the refrigerator is not next
to the stove and there is enough space,厨房的设计令人满意，冰箱不靠近炉灶，而且空间很大。
personality n.
1.a person who is well-known to the public 名人
television personalities 电 视 名 星
2,the quality or condition of being a person 人的品质或 条件
Though their personalities were different,they got along as friends,虽然他们性格迥异,但却能友好相处 。
intensify v.make or become stronger 增强,加强
The press has intensified its examination of the political official's
background,新 闻 界 已 加 强 了 对 那 个 政 客 背 景 的 调 查 。
The search intensified as dusk approached.随着黄昏将至,搜寻加强了 。
1.[C] a person of exceptional natural ability 天才
"One is not born a genius; one becomes a genius." (Simone de Beauvoir)
" 天才 不是 天生的,而 是后天 造就 的 " 。 ( 西蒙 娜 ·德 ·比弗 )
He was a genius in both science and art,他在科学和艺术两方面都是天才 。
2,[U] strong natural ability 天赋
There's genius in the way this was painted,这幅画能画成这样真是天才 。
recognize vt.
1,realize or be aware that sth,exists or is true注意到,认识到
Many fail to recognize that all these things are in danger of being
refused,许多人没有看到这一切正处于失去的危险之中 。
No one recognizes the difficulty of the mission,没有人注意到这项 使 命 的 艰 巨 性 。
2,identify as previously known; know sth,or sb,认出
I recognized Peter although I hadn't seen him for 10 years,虽然我有 10年没看到彼得了,但我认出了他 。
orchestral a,of or by a large group of musicians who play various
musical instruments together 管弦乐的,管弦乐队的
orchestral instruments 管弦乐器
an orchestral production管弦乐队的演出
religion n.belief in the existence of a god or gods or a force of
greater power outside of one's self 宗教
There are many religions in the world,世界上有许多种宗教 。
Political affairs and religion are subjects of daily conversation,政治和宗教是人们日常谈论的话题 。
philosophy n,the search for knowledge and understanding of the
nature and meaning of all the natural world including human life
哲学
economic philosophy 经济哲学
the philosophy of Kant康德的哲学 （ 体系 ）
invention n.
1.the action of creating something new 发明
Need is the mother of invention,（ 谚 ） 需要是发明之母 。
"His 6,000 inventions included the electric light bulb,the
phonograph,and the mimeograph machine." "他的六千项发明包括电灯泡,留声机 ( 唱机 ) 和油印机 。 "
2,something created 发 明 物
The phonograph is an invention made by Thomas Edison,留声机是托马斯 ·爱迪生发明的 。
logic n,the science of thinking about or explaining the reasons for
sth,逻辑；逻辑学
Your friend doesn't seem to be controlled by logic,你那位朋友好像 没 有 逻 辑 性 。
He argues with learning and logic,他的辩论既展示了他的学识,
又合乎逻辑 。
truly ad.
1,really; completely 真 正 地
a truly willing act 真 正 慷 慨 的 行 为
This is a truly beautiful picture,这实在是一幅很美的画 。
2,honest; exactly as described 真 诚 地 ； 真 心 地
We are truly sorry this is not convenient,这是很不方便,我们确实很抱歉 。
highly ad.very; to an unusually great degree 非常
highly interesting 很有趣
a highly scientific approach 高度科学性的方法
dramatic a.
dramatic a.
1,sudden,exciting,not expected引人注目的
China has achieved dramatic economic developments,中国在经济上取得了令人瞩目的发展。
dramatic colors引人注目的色彩
2,about drama or acting戏剧的 ; 演戏的
compose v,create or produce (a written or musical piece) 创作
（文学或音乐）
He teaches music and also composes,他教音乐,并且作曲。
At the age of six he was already composing at the piano,他六岁时就用钢琴作曲。
composing a poem /a speech 写一首诗 /一篇演讲稿
occupy vt.
1,engage,employ,or busy (oneself) 把注意力集中于,.....
I am fully occupied with my daily work,我每天都忙于日常的工作。
He was occupied in writing letters,他忙着写信。
2,fill up (time or space) 占用（时间或空间）
a lecture that occupied three hours长达三个小时的讲座
Reading occupies most of my free time,阅读占去了我大部分的闲暇时间。
The enemy occupied the town.敌人占据了这个城镇。
fling vt.
1,throw with force 猛扔，抛
Don't fling your clothes about on the chair; hang them up,别把衣服乱扔在椅子上,把它们挂起来。
The sun flings bright rays on the fields.（比喻）灿烂的阳光撒在田野上。
couch n,a long comfortable seat; a sofa 沙发
Sit beside me on the couch,上我这儿来,坐 到 沙 发 上 。
Mary was not well so she was lying on the couch in the living room,玛丽感到身体不适,所以她躺在起居室的沙发上 。
miracle n,an act or event that cannot be explained by known laws of
nature 奇迹
a miracle of architecture 建筑上的奇迹
The car ran over the man,but by a miracle,he was not hurt.汽车从那个人身上压过去,但他却没有受伤,真是奇迹 。
mighty a,having or showing great power,skill,strength,or force强大的,
巨大的
He gave it a mighty push and it opened,他用力推了一下,它便开了 。
He struck the rock a mighty blow with a hammer.他用铁锤使劲地猛击了一下那块岩石 。
Language Point 3
...to explain how to form a good idea,(Para,1) form a good idea,
begin to have an idea and develop it
We can say "to form an idea,an opinion,a judgment,a plan or even
a personality".
He found it hard to form an original opinion,他觉得要有独到的见解并非易事。
I know them both well enough to form my own judgment,我对他们都非常了解，足可以自己独立判断。
A plan began to form in his mind,一个计划开始在他脑子里形成。
One of the most important tasks for a school is to help and promote
forming a child's personality,学校的一个重要任务就是要帮助和促进儿童个性的形成。
Language Point 4
You think about a problem until you're tired,forget it,maybe
sleep on it,and then flash! (Para,1) Meaning,You have been
thinking about a problem until you are tired,forget it and leave it
undecided and then suddenly some idea comes to your mind.
Language Point 5
...forget it,maybe sleep on it...(Para,1) sleep on it,leave sth,
undecided or unattended until later time
He will sleep on the matter and tell us the decision later,他对此事要考虑一下，再把他的决定告诉我们。
Language Point 6
...and then flash! (Para,1) flash,vi,1,(of an idea) to come
suddenly
These lines from Shakespeare just flashed into my mind,我突然记起了莎士比亚的这几行诗句。
2,appear or pass suddenly
The car flashed by so quickly that I could not see the car number,
汽车飞驰而过，我根本看不到车牌号。
The policeman flashed his I,D,card at me,but I could not read
his name,警察只是向我亮了一下他的证件，可我根本看不清他的名字。
Language Point 7
When you aren't thinking about it,suddenly the answer
arrives as a gift from the gods,(Para,1) Meaning,When you
are no longer thinking of the problem,then the answer to it
comes to your mind unexpectedly as if something falls upon you
from heavenly spirits.
a gift from the gods,an unearned,or unexpected,benefit that is
greatly valued
People say that all the years after 70 are gifts from the gods,人们说 70岁之后的寿数是上帝恩赐的。
Language Point 8
Of course,all ideas don't occur like that but so many do,
particularly the most important ones,(Para,2) Meaning,Not
all ideas,of course,come as gifts as many of them do,Especially,
some big ideas do not come to your mind automatically,
occur,vi,come to mind
The idea never occurred to me,我从未想到过这个主意。
It suddenly occurred to him that this was an act he could never
do,他突然想到这种事情他根本就不应该做。
particularly,ad,especially
He is particularly busy for this month,这个月他特别忙。
He is particularly careful with his car; I do not think we should
borrow it,他对他的汽车爱惜有加，我看我们还是不借为好。
Language Point 9
They burst into the mind,glowing with the heat of creation,
(Para,2) Meaning,These ideas come to the mind suddenly
and show clearly they are good creative ideas.
glow,v,produce light and heat without fire,
Some natural matter can glow in the dark.有些自然物质能在黑暗中闪光。
glow with,show redness or heat with feelings,etc.
My father face glowed with satisfaction when he saw my
college grades,父亲看到我的学校成绩时，脸上露出满意的神情。
Language Point 10
How they do it is a mystery but they must come from
somewhere,(Para,2) Meaning,How these ideas came to your
mind is a mystery; no one can understand,But they must have
come from somewhere,an unknown source,
mystery,something that is not fully understood
Many people have tried to solve the problem but without
success; it is a mystery that the girl found the solution to it in
just a minute,许多人设法解决这个问题，但都没有成功 ; 这个女孩仅在几分钟内就把它解决了，真是件怪事。
Language Point 11
This is reasonable,for psychologists use this term to describe mental
processes which are unknown to the individual,(Para,2) Meaning,
The explanation holds water as psychologists use this special term to
describe the patterns going on in our mind,which are not known by
human beings,
process,n,a connected set of actions or events that produce continuation
or slow change
In this example,the conscious mind at the moment of creation knew
nothing of the actual processes by which the solution was found,(Para,5)
在这个事例中，意识在创造的时候对发现答案的实际过程一无所知。
Scientists have now discovered more about the processes of sleep and
dreaming,科学家已经发现了更多的有关睡眠和做梦的过程。
Psychologists study the processes by which human personalities are
formed,develop and change,心理学家研究人类性格的形成、发展和改变的过程。
Language Point 12
Creative thought depends on what was unknown becoming
known,(Para,2) Meaning,Creative thought comes if one can
change what was unknown into something that is known
depend on,happen according to; count on
The success of the factory depends on the workers,工厂的成功取决于工人的工作。
Depending on how much he sells,his earnings will increase,他收入的增加取决于他能卖出多少。
Language Point 13
...it is easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities,
many of whom experienced it in an intensified form and have
written it down in their life stories and letters,(Para,3) Meaning,
Many of the highly creative persons had experiences of this sort and
felt its effects strongly,as you can find in their life stories and letters,
so their case is easiest to study and understand.
Language Point 14
...it is easiest to examine it,..(Para,3) examine,study or
determine
examine a tissue sample under a microscope 在显微镜下研究组织细胞的样品
examine the structure of a novel 分析一部小说的结构
examine one's own reasons 剖析自己的动机
Language Point 15
..,the great creative personalities,..(Para,3) personality,n,1,a person
who is well-known to the public
Please note that this is a countable noun in this sense.
He is a powerful personality,他是一位有权势的人物。
A number of local personalities were present,出席的有许多当地政要。
2,the quality or condition of being a person
I like Jack because he has a friendly personality,我喜欢杰克是因为他性情随和。
Language Point 16
...in an intensified form,..(Para,3) intensify,v,make or become
stronger
Efforts to reach the injured man have been intensified because of a
sudden turning for the worse in the weather,由于天气突然变得更恶劣，
援救伤员的工作加紧了步伐。
The enemy's breakthrough intensified,as there was no hope for their
reinforcement,由于增援无望，敌人加强了突围。
Post-reading Activity
Ⅰ key to Exercise,(pp.178-183)
,Answer the following questions,(p.178)
1.Good ideas come from the unconscious,Psychologists use the term to
describe mental processes which are unknown to the individual,
2.No,all of us have experienced the sudden arrival of a new idea,but it is
easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities,
3.He was sick and could not sleep for noise without and fever within.
4.No,he had been occupied with the idea of the ‘Ring’ fro several years,and for many months
had been struggling to make a start with the actual composing.
5.The rush and roar of water had become music and the orchestral opening to the ‘Rhinegold’ had
at last taken its shape within him.
6.The unconscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the atual process by which
the solution was found,A new concept may suddenly explode into consciousness.
7.In the example of Henri Poincare,we see the conscious mind actually watching the
unconscious at work.
8.Dream plays an important role,Descartes was able to make the discovery with the help of his
dream.
,Fill in the blanks with the words given below,Change the form
where necessary,(p.178)
1,Scientists have recently turned their attention to natural sources of energy,the sun,
the sea,the wind and hot springs.
2,If present directions continue,the world in the years ahead will be
more crowded,more polluted and less stable ecologically（生态上）
than the world we live in now.
3,The crowd surged out from the gate.
4,It's not reasonable to expect a small child to understand such a
difficult question.
5,The novel Tom Sawyer exemplifies 19th-century life in the United
States.
6,She was unable to express her intense fear of the witch (巫婆 ) toy
in the box.
7,When he got upstairs very tired,John flung himself on a couch.
8,I can't say I share your enthusiasm for the idea.
Replace the underlined words or expressions in the
following sentences with text words or expressions
that best keep the original meaning.
1,Their present has been in the form of a cheque for $100.
taken the shape
2,The freezing weather is the cause of the breaks in the concrete.
responsible for
3,A large majority of elderly Americans count on government old age income.
depend on
4,Are your opinions a good example of those of other students?
representative of
5,She guessed that secret influences were having an effect.
at work
6,After many hours' talk,the group came to a decision.
arrived at
7,Make a written record of my phone number in your diary before you forget it.
Write down
8,The old lady was engaged in making clothes for her neighbors' children
occupied with
In each of the following items,you are given two
simple sentences,Combine the two simple
sentences to make one complex sentence that
contains an attributive clause.
1.It is easiest to examine the sudden arrival of a new idea in the great
creative personalities,many of whom experienced it in an intensified
form.
2.The Gaels' offspring are the modern Scots and Irish,some of whom
still speak the Gaelic language.
3.George explained that this was the official dress for taking
examinations,many of which were held in June.
4.At last the miracle happened,for which his unconscious mind had
been seeking for so long.
5.The conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes by
which the solution was found.
Complete the following sentences after the given
model,with the help of the words given in
brackets.
1,The more books a man reads,..,(knowledge,have)
The more books a man reads,the more knowledge he will have.
2,The more he thought about it,..,(the less,like)
The more he thought about it,the less he liked it.
3,The smaller the house is,..,(the less,pay)
The smaller the house is,the less you have to pay for it.
4,The more dangerous it is,...(excited,feel)
The more dangerous it is,the more excited he feels,
5,The more you talk in English,...(progress,make)
The more you talk in English,the more progress you will make.
Translate the following sentences into English.
1,她对那可怜的病孩充满了同情 。
She was filled with pity for the poor diseased baby.
2,（ 谚 ） 欲寻珍珠就要潜入水中 。
He who would search for jewels must dive below.
3,我原本打算昨天晚上去看电影,但却下雨了 。
I intended to go to see a film last night,but it rained.
4,许许多多人投诉这家餐馆服务质量差劲 。
There was a flood of complaints about the poor service at the
restaurant.
5,医学检查证实她身体状况良好 。
Medical tests established that she was in good health.
Translate the following into Chinese.
All of us have experienced this sudden arrival of a new idea,but it is
easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities,many of
whom experienced it in an intensified form and have written it down
in their life stories and letters.
All truly creative activities depend in some degree on these signals
from the unconscious,and the more highly insightful the person,the
sharper and more dramatic the signals become.
我们都有过灵机一动突然有了这样一个新想法的经历,而这在那些有创造性的天才人物身上却是最显而易见的 。 他们中的许多人对这种经历有着强烈的感受,并在回忆录和信函中将其记录了下来 。
一切真正创造性的活动似乎在某种程度上都依赖于潜意识中的这些信号；一个人的洞察力越强,这些信号就越鲜明,越富有戏剧性 。
Choose the best words to complete the meaning
in each of the sentences below based on Passage
A in this unit.
Creative thinking depends on what was unknown becoming clear,
Unconscious processes unknown to us are the source of the instinctive
thinking that is responsible for new organized concepts,All of us have
experienced the sudden explosion into consciousness of a new concept
when we weren’t thinking about it,Elsewhere we can find examples of
invention among famous personalities in every field,For the philosopher
Descartes,for example,a dream determined his potential life path and
provided a central concept about existence,The conscious mind of the
mathematical genius Poincare actually watched his unconscious at work,
For Wagner,by contrast,his conscious mind at the moment of creation
knew nothing of the actual processes by which the sound of water
became an orchestral score,All of these examples of creative thinking
depend in some degree on signals from the unconscious,The more highly
insightful the person,the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.
Now look at the following chart,The left side is the
analysis of Paragraph 4 and you are required to fill out the
right side,the matching part for Paragraph 5,The first
one has been done for you.
The result:
Here,we see the conscious mind observing the new
combinations being formed in the unconscious,while the
Wagner story shows the sudden explosion of a new concept
into consciousness,
Now write a short paragraph of contrast with one of the
subjects below,As usual,one of the subjects has a more
detailed outline if you want to follow it.
When I started to learn English in my junior middle school,I had
a kind and patient teacher,She was always encouraging all of the
students,Because of this positive method,I eagerly answered all
the questions I could,never worrying much about making
mistakes,I was at the top of my class for two years,However,
my learning experience in senior middle school was different
from before,My new teacher quickly punished those who gave
incorrect answers,Whenever we answered incorrectly,she would
shout at us,"No! No! No!" As a result I lost my desire and
confidence and did not make any progress in learning.
Book 1
Unit 8
Pre-reading activity,(20ms)
Ⅰ,Background Information
1,Richard Wagner (1813-1883),the greatest
composer of German opera,made a major addition
to the nature of opera through his writings about and
the creation of music drama,Music drama combines
singing,orchestra,verse,story,drama and spectacle,
Wagner's works include the "The Ring of the
Nibelung" (1853-1874),a set of four operas based
on historical German stories,For an introduction to
Wagner as well as other resources on the Internet,
please visit
http://www.ffaire.com/wagner/index.html or
http://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/music/.
http://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/music/.
2,The Rhinegold,the first of the four operas in the "Ring" cycle,
exemplifies Wagner's theory of music drama in its purest form.
3,La Spezia is an industrial port and Italy's chief naval station in
northwest Italy,Wagner visited here in 1853 when he left his exile
in Switzerland to which he had escaped during World War II,For
more information such as maps and photos,etc,of La Spezia,
please visit http://www.itwg.com/ct_00067.asp (or
http://www.itwg.com in general),
4,Henri Poincare (1854-1912),a great French mathematics and
theoretical science professor at the Sorbonne (University of Paris),
had a highly original influence on the development of pure and
applied mathematics,He also worked on functions that changed
celestial mechanics,helped pioneer algebraic topology and co-
discovered the special theory of relativity,For further introduction
to his works,please visit http://www-
chaos.umd.edu/misc/poincare.html.
5,Descartes,Rene (1596-1650),a famous French philosopher,
mathematician and scientist,was one of the most influential thinkers in
history,He is considered the founder of both modern philosophy and
analytic geometry,During his life,established ideas were being
challenged,so he tried to develop a way to reach the truth,He based his
theory that the world is made up of mind and matter on a concept that
came to him in a dream,For further information,check out the webpage
at http://www.xrefer.com/entry/551791.
6,cogito ergo sum,is Latin for "I think; therefore,I exist," a key point
in Descartes' philosophy,He claimed that the only thing anyone can be
certain of is that s/he thinks and,therefore,s/he exists,The "I" is the
mind which can exist without being
extended so that it can in principle survive the death of the body,You can
check out the webpage at http://www.xrefer.com/entry/551611 for further
information.
Ⅱ Lead-in Activity
Discuss in group the following topics
1,Where do you think good ideas come from especially when you
are faced with a difficult issue?
2,Tell a story about the birth of great ideas,for example,the birth
of great invention,etc.
While-reading Activity
Ⅰ words and phrases:
satisfactory a,good enough to be pleasing,or for a purpose,rule,
standard,etc,令人满意的
Sales are up 20% from last year,that's very satisfactory,销售额比去年增加了 20%，非常令人满意。
This method of heating is not satisfactory for large buildings.这一取暖办法用于大型建筑物并不令人满意。
Flash vi.
1,(of an idea) to come suddenly 突然产生（想法、灵感）
The idea flashed into his mind,他突然想到了这个主意。
Then it flashed upon me that she was his wife,我突然想到她是他的妻子。
2move very fast 飞驰，掠过
The days seem to flash by,光阴似箭。
Particularly ad,especially 特别是
More local employment will be created,particularly in service
industries,地方将提供更多的就业机会，尤其是服务行业。
I cannot leave him,particularly now,我不能离开他，尤其是现在。
glow vi.
1.produce light and heat without fire发光，发热
Colored lights glowed on the celebration night,节日之夜灯火辉煌。
2,show strong or warm color 呈现鲜艳的颜色
Maple leaves glowed red in the sunlight.枫叶在阳光下闪耀着红光。
The sunset glowed with color,日落时天空中呈现出耀眼的色彩。
creation n,creating创造
Does the government argue against the creation of an separate
Scottish government? 政府是不是反对成立一个独立的苏格兰政府？
The creation of new playgrounds will benefit the local children,建立新的运动场地将会使当地儿童受益。
mystery n,something that is not fully understood 谜
Who had taken the book? It was a mystery,谁把书拿走了？ 这是个谜 。
Why he went there is a mystery to me.他为什么上那儿去对我来说是个谜 。
reasonable a,showing common sense; fair 合理的,适当的
He gave me a reasonable explanation,他给了我一个合理的解释 。
I had a reasonable solution to the problem,我想到了一个解决这个问题的合理办法 。
psychologist n.a person trained and educated to perform
psychological research,testing,and treatment 心理学家
You may turn to the psychologist for help.你可以到那位心理学家那儿寻求帮助 。
process n.a connected set of actions or events that produce
continuation or slow change 过程,进程
The firm is now in the process of moving the main equipment to a
new place,公 司 目 前 正 在 把 主 要 设 备 迁 到 新 地 址 去 。
Producing a dictionary is a slow process,编撰一本词典是一个缓慢的过程 。
individual n.a human being regarded as unique 个体,个人
She always treated her clients as individuals,她总是把每个客户视 为 不 同 的 个 体 。
The rights of the individual are sometimes the most important
rights in a free society,在自由社会里有时个人的权利是最为重要的权利 。
contrast n,(with,between) unlikeness or difference shown by
comparing objects or people 对照,( 对 照 中 的 ) 差异
This appears big in contrast with that,同那个相比,这个显得很大 。
The contrast between the two ideas is sharp,这两种想法的差异很明显 。
mathematician n,a person gifted or learned in mathematics数学家
Hua Luogeng is a great mathematician,华罗庚是一位伟大的数学家 。
combination n,something that results from two or more things,
(esp,chemicals) being combined结合,合并 ;【 化 】 化合物
His nature is a combination of strength and kindness,他的性格柔中寓刚 。
After the general election,a combination of parties formed the new
government.大选后,各政党联合组成了新政府 。
Ⅱ Language Points
Language Point 1
No satisfactory way exists to explain how to form a good idea,
(Para,1) Meaning,There is not a way good enough to explain how
to find or develop a good idea.
Language Point 2
No satisfactory way exists..,(Para,1) satisfactory,a,good enough
to be pleasing,or for a purpose,rule,standard,etc.
This heater is satisfactory; it does give enough heat,这取暖器效果令人满意，释放热量充足。
The design of the kitchen is satisfactory,the refrigerator is not next
to the stove and there is enough space,厨房的设计令人满意，冰箱不靠近炉灶，而且空间很大。
personality n.
1.a person who is well-known to the public 名人
television personalities 电 视 名 星
2,the quality or condition of being a person 人的品质或 条件
Though their personalities were different,they got along as friends,虽然他们性格迥异,但却能友好相处 。
intensify v.make or become stronger 增强,加强
The press has intensified its examination of the political official's
background,新 闻 界 已 加 强 了 对 那 个 政 客 背 景 的 调 查 。
The search intensified as dusk approached.随着黄昏将至,搜寻加强了 。
1.[C] a person of exceptional natural ability 天才
"One is not born a genius; one becomes a genius." (Simone de Beauvoir)
" 天才 不是 天生的,而 是后天 造就 的 " 。 ( 西蒙 娜 ·德 ·比弗 )
He was a genius in both science and art,他在科学和艺术两方面都是天才 。
2,[U] strong natural ability 天赋
There's genius in the way this was painted,这幅画能画成这样真是天才 。
recognize vt.
1,realize or be aware that sth,exists or is true注意到,认识到
Many fail to recognize that all these things are in danger of being
refused,许多人没有看到这一切正处于失去的危险之中 。
No one recognizes the difficulty of the mission,没有人注意到这项 使 命 的 艰 巨 性 。
2,identify as previously known; know sth,or sb,认出
I recognized Peter although I hadn't seen him for 10 years,虽然我有 10年没看到彼得了,但我认出了他 。
orchestral a,of or by a large group of musicians who play various
musical instruments together 管弦乐的,管弦乐队的
orchestral instruments 管弦乐器
an orchestral production管弦乐队的演出
religion n.belief in the existence of a god or gods or a force of
greater power outside of one's self 宗教
There are many religions in the world,世界上有许多种宗教 。
Political affairs and religion are subjects of daily conversation,政治和宗教是人们日常谈论的话题 。
philosophy n,the search for knowledge and understanding of the
nature and meaning of all the natural world including human life
哲学
economic philosophy 经济哲学
the philosophy of Kant康德的哲学 （ 体系 ）
invention n.
1.the action of creating something new 发明
Need is the mother of invention,（ 谚 ） 需要是发明之母 。
"His 6,000 inventions included the electric light bulb,the
phonograph,and the mimeograph machine." "他的六千项发明包括电灯泡,留声机 ( 唱机 ) 和油印机 。 "
2,something created 发 明 物
The phonograph is an invention made by Thomas Edison,留声机是托马斯 ·爱迪生发明的 。
logic n,the science of thinking about or explaining the reasons for
sth,逻辑；逻辑学
Your friend doesn't seem to be controlled by logic,你那位朋友好像 没 有 逻 辑 性 。
He argues with learning and logic,他的辩论既展示了他的学识,
又合乎逻辑 。
truly ad.
1,really; completely 真 正 地
a truly willing act 真 正 慷 慨 的 行 为
This is a truly beautiful picture,这实在是一幅很美的画 。
2,honest; exactly as described 真 诚 地 ； 真 心 地
We are truly sorry this is not convenient,这是很不方便,我们确实很抱歉 。
highly ad.very; to an unusually great degree 非常
highly interesting 很有趣
a highly scientific approach 高度科学性的方法
dramatic a.
dramatic a.
1,sudden,exciting,not expected引人注目的
China has achieved dramatic economic developments,中国在经济上取得了令人瞩目的发展。
dramatic colors引人注目的色彩
2,about drama or acting戏剧的 ; 演戏的
compose v,create or produce (a written or musical piece) 创作
（文学或音乐）
He teaches music and also composes,他教音乐,并且作曲。
At the age of six he was already composing at the piano,他六岁时就用钢琴作曲。
composing a poem /a speech 写一首诗 /一篇演讲稿
occupy vt.
1,engage,employ,or busy (oneself) 把注意力集中于,.....
I am fully occupied with my daily work,我每天都忙于日常的工作。
He was occupied in writing letters,他忙着写信。
2,fill up (time or space) 占用（时间或空间）
a lecture that occupied three hours长达三个小时的讲座
Reading occupies most of my free time,阅读占去了我大部分的闲暇时间。
The enemy occupied the town.敌人占据了这个城镇。
fling vt.
1,throw with force 猛扔，抛
Don't fling your clothes about on the chair; hang them up,别把衣服乱扔在椅子上,把它们挂起来。
The sun flings bright rays on the fields.（比喻）灿烂的阳光撒在田野上。
couch n,a long comfortable seat; a sofa 沙发
Sit beside me on the couch,上我这儿来,坐 到 沙 发 上 。
Mary was not well so she was lying on the couch in the living room,玛丽感到身体不适,所以她躺在起居室的沙发上 。
miracle n,an act or event that cannot be explained by known laws of
nature 奇迹
a miracle of architecture 建筑上的奇迹
The car ran over the man,but by a miracle,he was not hurt.汽车从那个人身上压过去,但他却没有受伤,真是奇迹 。
mighty a,having or showing great power,skill,strength,or force强大的,
巨大的
He gave it a mighty push and it opened,他用力推了一下,它便开了 。
He struck the rock a mighty blow with a hammer.他用铁锤使劲地猛击了一下那块岩石 。
Language Point 3
...to explain how to form a good idea,(Para,1) form a good idea,
begin to have an idea and develop it
We can say "to form an idea,an opinion,a judgment,a plan or even
a personality".
He found it hard to form an original opinion,他觉得要有独到的见解并非易事。
I know them both well enough to form my own judgment,我对他们都非常了解，足可以自己独立判断。
A plan began to form in his mind,一个计划开始在他脑子里形成。
One of the most important tasks for a school is to help and promote
forming a child's personality,学校的一个重要任务就是要帮助和促进儿童个性的形成。
Language Point 4
You think about a problem until you're tired,forget it,maybe
sleep on it,and then flash! (Para,1) Meaning,You have been
thinking about a problem until you are tired,forget it and leave it
undecided and then suddenly some idea comes to your mind.
Language Point 5
...forget it,maybe sleep on it...(Para,1) sleep on it,leave sth,
undecided or unattended until later time
He will sleep on the matter and tell us the decision later,他对此事要考虑一下，再把他的决定告诉我们。
Language Point 6
...and then flash! (Para,1) flash,vi,1,(of an idea) to come
suddenly
These lines from Shakespeare just flashed into my mind,我突然记起了莎士比亚的这几行诗句。
2,appear or pass suddenly
The car flashed by so quickly that I could not see the car number,
汽车飞驰而过，我根本看不到车牌号。
The policeman flashed his I,D,card at me,but I could not read
his name,警察只是向我亮了一下他的证件，可我根本看不清他的名字。
Language Point 7
When you aren't thinking about it,suddenly the answer
arrives as a gift from the gods,(Para,1) Meaning,When you
are no longer thinking of the problem,then the answer to it
comes to your mind unexpectedly as if something falls upon you
from heavenly spirits.
a gift from the gods,an unearned,or unexpected,benefit that is
greatly valued
People say that all the years after 70 are gifts from the gods,人们说 70岁之后的寿数是上帝恩赐的。
Language Point 8
Of course,all ideas don't occur like that but so many do,
particularly the most important ones,(Para,2) Meaning,Not
all ideas,of course,come as gifts as many of them do,Especially,
some big ideas do not come to your mind automatically,
occur,vi,come to mind
The idea never occurred to me,我从未想到过这个主意。
It suddenly occurred to him that this was an act he could never
do,他突然想到这种事情他根本就不应该做。
particularly,ad,especially
He is particularly busy for this month,这个月他特别忙。
He is particularly careful with his car; I do not think we should
borrow it,他对他的汽车爱惜有加，我看我们还是不借为好。
Language Point 9
They burst into the mind,glowing with the heat of creation,
(Para,2) Meaning,These ideas come to the mind suddenly
and show clearly they are good creative ideas.
glow,v,produce light and heat without fire,
Some natural matter can glow in the dark.有些自然物质能在黑暗中闪光。
glow with,show redness or heat with feelings,etc.
My father face glowed with satisfaction when he saw my
college grades,父亲看到我的学校成绩时，脸上露出满意的神情。
Language Point 10
How they do it is a mystery but they must come from
somewhere,(Para,2) Meaning,How these ideas came to your
mind is a mystery; no one can understand,But they must have
come from somewhere,an unknown source,
mystery,something that is not fully understood
Many people have tried to solve the problem but without
success; it is a mystery that the girl found the solution to it in
just a minute,许多人设法解决这个问题，但都没有成功 ; 这个女孩仅在几分钟内就把它解决了，真是件怪事。
Language Point 11
This is reasonable,for psychologists use this term to describe mental
processes which are unknown to the individual,(Para,2) Meaning,
The explanation holds water as psychologists use this special term to
describe the patterns going on in our mind,which are not known by
human beings,
process,n,a connected set of actions or events that produce continuation
or slow change
In this example,the conscious mind at the moment of creation knew
nothing of the actual processes by which the solution was found,(Para,5)
在这个事例中，意识在创造的时候对发现答案的实际过程一无所知。
Scientists have now discovered more about the processes of sleep and
dreaming,科学家已经发现了更多的有关睡眠和做梦的过程。
Psychologists study the processes by which human personalities are
formed,develop and change,心理学家研究人类性格的形成、发展和改变的过程。
Language Point 12
Creative thought depends on what was unknown becoming
known,(Para,2) Meaning,Creative thought comes if one can
change what was unknown into something that is known
depend on,happen according to; count on
The success of the factory depends on the workers,工厂的成功取决于工人的工作。
Depending on how much he sells,his earnings will increase,他收入的增加取决于他能卖出多少。
Language Point 13
...it is easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities,
many of whom experienced it in an intensified form and have
written it down in their life stories and letters,(Para,3) Meaning,
Many of the highly creative persons had experiences of this sort and
felt its effects strongly,as you can find in their life stories and letters,
so their case is easiest to study and understand.
Language Point 14
...it is easiest to examine it,..(Para,3) examine,study or
determine
examine a tissue sample under a microscope 在显微镜下研究组织细胞的样品
examine the structure of a novel 分析一部小说的结构
examine one's own reasons 剖析自己的动机
Language Point 15
..,the great creative personalities,..(Para,3) personality,n,1,a person
who is well-known to the public
Please note that this is a countable noun in this sense.
He is a powerful personality,他是一位有权势的人物。
A number of local personalities were present,出席的有许多当地政要。
2,the quality or condition of being a person
I like Jack because he has a friendly personality,我喜欢杰克是因为他性情随和。
Language Point 16
...in an intensified form,..(Para,3) intensify,v,make or become
stronger
Efforts to reach the injured man have been intensified because of a
sudden turning for the worse in the weather,由于天气突然变得更恶劣，
援救伤员的工作加紧了步伐。
The enemy's breakthrough intensified,as there was no hope for their
reinforcement,由于增援无望，敌人加强了突围。
Post-reading Activity
Ⅰ key to Exercise,(pp.178-183)
,Answer the following questions,(p.178)
1.Good ideas come from the unconscious,Psychologists use the term to
describe mental processes which are unknown to the individual,
2.No,all of us have experienced the sudden arrival of a new idea,but it is
easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities,
3.He was sick and could not sleep for noise without and fever within.
4.No,he had been occupied with the idea of the ‘Ring’ fro several years,and for many months
had been struggling to make a start with the actual composing.
5.The rush and roar of water had become music and the orchestral opening to the ‘Rhinegold’ had
at last taken its shape within him.
6.The unconscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the atual process by which
the solution was found,A new concept may suddenly explode into consciousness.
7.In the example of Henri Poincare,we see the conscious mind actually watching the
unconscious at work.
8.Dream plays an important role,Descartes was able to make the discovery with the help of his
dream.
,Fill in the blanks with the words given below,Change the form
where necessary,(p.178)
1,Scientists have recently turned their attention to natural sources of energy,the sun,
the sea,the wind and hot springs.
2,If present directions continue,the world in the years ahead will be
more crowded,more polluted and less stable ecologically（生态上）
than the world we live in now.
3,The crowd surged out from the gate.
4,It's not reasonable to expect a small child to understand such a
difficult question.
5,The novel Tom Sawyer exemplifies 19th-century life in the United
States.
6,She was unable to express her intense fear of the witch (巫婆 ) toy
in the box.
7,When he got upstairs very tired,John flung himself on a couch.
8,I can't say I share your enthusiasm for the idea.
Replace the underlined words or expressions in the
following sentences with text words or expressions
that best keep the original meaning.
1,Their present has been in the form of a cheque for $100.
taken the shape
2,The freezing weather is the cause of the breaks in the concrete.
responsible for
3,A large majority of elderly Americans count on government old age income.
depend on
4,Are your opinions a good example of those of other students?
representative of
5,She guessed that secret influences were having an effect.
at work
6,After many hours' talk,the group came to a decision.
arrived at
7,Make a written record of my phone number in your diary before you forget it.
Write down
8,The old lady was engaged in making clothes for her neighbors' children
occupied with
In each of the following items,you are given two
simple sentences,Combine the two simple
sentences to make one complex sentence that
contains an attributive clause.
1.It is easiest to examine the sudden arrival of a new idea in the great
creative personalities,many of whom experienced it in an intensified
form.
2.The Gaels' offspring are the modern Scots and Irish,some of whom
still speak the Gaelic language.
3.George explained that this was the official dress for taking
examinations,many of which were held in June.
4.At last the miracle happened,for which his unconscious mind had
been seeking for so long.
5.The conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes by
which the solution was found.
Complete the following sentences after the given
model,with the help of the words given in
brackets.
1,The more books a man reads,..,(knowledge,have)
The more books a man reads,the more knowledge he will have.
2,The more he thought about it,..,(the less,like)
The more he thought about it,the less he liked it.
3,The smaller the house is,..,(the less,pay)
The smaller the house is,the less you have to pay for it.
4,The more dangerous it is,...(excited,feel)
The more dangerous it is,the more excited he feels,
5,The more you talk in English,...(progress,make)
The more you talk in English,the more progress you will make.
Translate the following sentences into English.
1,她对那可怜的病孩充满了同情 。
She was filled with pity for the poor diseased baby.
2,（ 谚 ） 欲寻珍珠就要潜入水中 。
He who would search for jewels must dive below.
3,我原本打算昨天晚上去看电影,但却下雨了 。
I intended to go to see a film last night,but it rained.
4,许许多多人投诉这家餐馆服务质量差劲 。
There was a flood of complaints about the poor service at the
restaurant.
5,医学检查证实她身体状况良好 。
Medical tests established that she was in good health.
Translate the following into Chinese.
All of us have experienced this sudden arrival of a new idea,but it is
easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities,many of
whom experienced it in an intensified form and have written it down
in their life stories and letters.
All truly creative activities depend in some degree on these signals
from the unconscious,and the more highly insightful the person,the
sharper and more dramatic the signals become.
我们都有过灵机一动突然有了这样一个新想法的经历,而这在那些有创造性的天才人物身上却是最显而易见的 。 他们中的许多人对这种经历有着强烈的感受,并在回忆录和信函中将其记录了下来 。
一切真正创造性的活动似乎在某种程度上都依赖于潜意识中的这些信号；一个人的洞察力越强,这些信号就越鲜明,越富有戏剧性 。
Choose the best words to complete the meaning
in each of the sentences below based on Passage
A in this unit.
Creative thinking depends on what was unknown becoming clear,
Unconscious processes unknown to us are the source of the instinctive
thinking that is responsible for new organized concepts,All of us have
experienced the sudden explosion into consciousness of a new concept
when we weren’t thinking about it,Elsewhere we can find examples of
invention among famous personalities in every field,For the philosopher
Descartes,for example,a dream determined his potential life path and
provided a central concept about existence,The conscious mind of the
mathematical genius Poincare actually watched his unconscious at work,
For Wagner,by contrast,his conscious mind at the moment of creation
knew nothing of the actual processes by which the sound of water
became an orchestral score,All of these examples of creative thinking
depend in some degree on signals from the unconscious,The more highly
insightful the person,the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.
Now look at the following chart,The left side is the
analysis of Paragraph 4 and you are required to fill out the
right side,the matching part for Paragraph 5,The first
one has been done for you.
The result:
Here,we see the conscious mind observing the new
combinations being formed in the unconscious,while the
Wagner story shows the sudden explosion of a new concept
into consciousness,
Now write a short paragraph of contrast with one of the
subjects below,As usual,one of the subjects has a more
detailed outline if you want to follow it.
When I started to learn English in my junior middle school,I had
a kind and patient teacher,She was always encouraging all of the
students,Because of this positive method,I eagerly answered all
the questions I could,never worrying much about making
mistakes,I was at the top of my class for two years,However,
my learning experience in senior middle school was different
from before,My new teacher quickly punished those who gave
incorrect answers,Whenever we answered incorrectly,she would
shout at us,"No! No! No!" As a result I lost my desire and
confidence and did not make any progress in learning.
