Lesson twelve
Classification Societies
A cargo shipper and the underwriter requested to insure a maritime risk requie some assurance that any particular vessel is structurally fit to undertake a proposed voyage,TO enable the shipper and underwriter to distinguish the good risk from the bad2 a system of classification has been formulated over a period of some two hundred years.During this period reliable organizations have been created for the initial and continuing inspections of ships so that classification may be assessed and maintained,
The principal maritime nations have the following classification societies:
Great Britain ------Lloyd’s Register of shipping
France----------Bureau Veritas
Germany------Germanischher Lloyd
Norway-------Det Norske Veritas
Italy------Registro Italiano Navale
United States of Amerrica--------American Bureau of Shipping
Russia-----Register of Shipping of the USSR
Japan----Nippon Kaizi Ngokai
These classification societies publish rules and regulations which are principally concerned with the strength of the ship,the provision of adequate equipment,and the reliability of the machinery.Ships may be built in any country to a particular classification society’s rules,and they are not restricted to classification by relevant society of the country where they are built.Classification is not compulsory but the shipowner with an unclassed ship will be required to satisfy governmental regulating bodies that it has sufficient structural strength for assignment of a load line and issue of a safety construction certificate.
Only the requirements of Lloyd’s Register of Shipping which is the oldest of the classification societies are dealt with in detail,Founded in 1760 and reconstituded in 1834.Lloyd’s Register was amalgamated with the British Corporation,the only other British classification society in existence at that time,in 1949.Steel ships built in accordance with Lloyd’s Register rules or equivalent standards,are assigned a class in the Register Book,and continue to be classed so long as they are maintained in accordance with the Rules.
Lloyd’s register classification symbols
Class 100A1 is assigned to sea-going ships built in accordance with the society’s rules and regulations for the desired draft,It is also assigned to ships designed for specific purposes,the specific purpose being noted,e.g.100A1 oil tanker,100A1 liquefied gas carrier,100A1 ore carrier,100A1 trawler,100A1 tug,etc,There is also a class 100A1 for restricted service or for special purposes,this class being assigned to sea-going ships intended to operate with specific geographical limits or for special purposes which will be indicated in the Register Book,Additionally there is a class,Al for registered office; this class is intended for ships trading only within specially sheltered waters such as harbours,rivers,etc.,which will be indicated in the Register Book,Other class notations noted in the Register Book include,special cargoes,where the vessel has been approved for carrying cargoes,where a special nature; special features,where a special feature in design or construction or machinery,has been approved; corrosion control,where an approved method of corrosion control has been fitted,and a reduction in scantlings has been permitted,Four classes of ice strengthening are detailed in the Rules,and it is the responsibility of the shipowner to determine which notation is most suitable for his requirements.
Ice Class 1 intended for ships navigating in extreme ice conditions
Ice Class 2 intended for ships navigating in severe ice conditions
Ice Class 2 intended for ships navigating in intermediate ice conditions
Ice Class 3 intended for ships navigating in light ice conditions
The figure 1 in the character of classification assigned to a ship indicates that her equipment of anchors,chain cables,and hawsers are in good and efficient condition and in accordance with the requirements of the Rules,When the equipment is not in accordance with the requirements of the Rules,but is considered by the society to be acceptable for the particular service,they may agree to the figure 1 being omitted and a line inserted after the character,thus 100A----Special consideration is also given to ships which by reason of their particular service or purpose do not require normal equipment,in this case the figure I may be omitted from the character of classification,thus 100A.
Where the machinery in constructed and installed on board the ship in accordance with the Society’s Rules and Regulations,on satisfactory completion of trials the machinery is assigned the notation LMC (Lloyd’s Machinery Certificate) in the Register Book.
New vessels built for classification with Lloyd’s Register are to have all constructional plans and particulars of the hull,equipment,and machinery submitted to the Society for approval before the work is commenced,These vessels are built under the Society’s Special Survey which entails the presence of the local surveyor,from work commencement to ship completion,to examine the material and workmanship,When classed the vessel will be entitled to the distinguishing sed the vessel will be entitled to the distinguishing mark ╋ indicating it is built under Special Survey inserted before the character in the Register Book,thus ╋ 100AL.New machinery constructed under the Society’s Special Survey is given the class notation in the Register Book ╋ LMC,The date of completion of the special survey during construction will normally be taken as the date of build entered in the Register Book.
Periodical surveys
To maintain the assigned class the vessel has to be examined by the Society’s surveyors at regular periods.
Annual surveys All steel ship are required to be surveyed at intervals of approximately one year,These annual surveys are where practicable held concurrently with statutory annual or other load line surveys,At the survey the survey is to examine the condition of all closing appliances covered by the conditions of assignment of minimum freeboard,the freeboard marks,and auxiliary steering gear particularly rod and chain gear,At the second annual survey on cargo ships or the third and subsequent special surveys on oil tankers an after and a forward hold or tank are to be examined internally.
Docking surveys A ship is required to be examined in dry clock at intervals of about 12 months,the maximum interval allowed being two years,At the clocking survey particular attention is paid to the shell plating,stern frame and rudder,and all parts of the structure particularly liable to corrosion and chafing,and any unfairness of bottom.
The general condition of the vessel is assessed,and anchors and cables are inspected where possible at these annual and docking surveys,
Special surveys All steel ships classed with Lloyd’s Register are subjected to special surveys,These surveys become due at four –yearly intervals,the first four years from the date of build or date of special survey for classification and thereafter four years from the date of the previous special survey,Where it is inconvenient for the owner to fulfil this requirement Lioyd’s will allow a period of grace not exceeding twelve months from the due date providing the surveyor is able to asses the general condition of the vessel about the time of the due date,Special surveys may,where the vessel is on a regular schedule,be carried out over an extended period,and be commenced prior to the due date,but should not extend over a period greater than twelve months.
At the request of an owner,Lloyd’s Register may agree to the survey of a hull being carried out on a continuous survey basis,all compartments of the hull being opened up for survey and testing in rotation,with an interval of five years between consecutive examinations of each part.
The hull requirements at a special survey,the details of the compartments to be opened up,and the material to be inspected at any special survey are listed in detail in the Rule Book (Chapter C,Section 2---cargo Ships,Section 3—Oil Tankers ),Special survey hull requirements are divided into four ship age groups as follows:
Special survey of ships under five years old
Special survey of ships between five and ten years old
Special survey of ships over ten years old
First special survey held after ship is twenty years old and at every special survey thereafter.
In each case the amount of inspection required increases and more material is removed so that the condition of the bare steel may be assessed,It should be noted that where the surveyor is allowed to ascertain by drilling or other approval means the thickness of material,non-destructive methods such as ultrasonics are available in contemporary practice for this purpose,
When classification is required for a ship not built under the supervision of the Society’s surveyors,plans showing the main scantlings and arrangements of the actual ship are submitted to the Society for approval,Also supplied are particulars of the manufacture and testing of the materials of construction,together with full details of the equipment,Where plans etc.,are not available,the Society’s surveyors are to be allowed to lift the relevant for classification all the hull requirements for special surveys (A),(B),and (C) are to be carried out,Ships over twenty years old are to comply with the hull requirements of special survey (D),and oil tankers must comply with the additional requirements stipulated in the Rules and Regulations,During this survey the surveyor assesses the standard of the workmanship,and varies the scantlings and arrangements submitted for approval,It should be noted that the special survey for classification will recelve special consideration from Lloyd’s Register in the case of a vessel of reasonably new construction,Periodical surveys where the vessel is classed are subsequently held as in the case of ships built under survey,being dated from the date of special survey for classification,
Damage repairs
When a vessel requires repairs to damaged equipment or to the hull it is necessary for the work to be carried out to the satisfaction of Lloyd’s Register surveyors,In order that ship maintains its class,approval of the repairs undertaken must be obtained from the surveyors either at the time of the repair or at the earliest opportunity.
(From,Ship Construction” by D.J.Eyres,1972)
Technical terms
Classification society 船级社
shipper 货主，航运者
underwriter 水运保险商
voyage航行（程）
inspection 检查（验）
classification 入级
Lloyd’s register of shipping (LR) 英国劳氏船级社
Bureau Veritas (BV) 法国船级社（检验局）
Germanischer Lloyd (GL) 联邦德国船级社
Det Norske Veritas (DNV) 挪威船级社
Registro Italiano Navale (RI) 意大利船级社
American Bureau of shipping(ABS) 美国船级社
Register of shipping the USSR(PC) 苏联船舶登记局（检验局）
Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NK) 日本海事协会
Register of shipping of the people’s republic of China(ZC)中华人民共和国船舶检验局
reliability 可靠性
classed ship 入级船
regulating body 管理（制定条约）机构
assignment 勘定，指定
Safety Construction Certificate 结构安全证书
register book 船名录，登记册
classification symbol 船级符号
class notation 船级标志
liquefied gas carrier 液化气运输船
liquefied natural gas carrier(LNG) 液化天然气运输船
liquefied petroleum gas carrier(LPG) 液化石油气运输船
ore carrier 矿砂船
trawler 拖网渔船
tug 拖船
restricted service 限制航区
sheltered water遮蔽水域
clear water 开敞水域
harbour 港口
corrosion 腐蚀
scantling 结构吃水
ice strengthening 冰区加强
anchor 锚
chain cable 锚链
hawser 缆（锚）索
LMC(Lloyd’s machinery certificate ) 劳氏船级社机械设备合格证书
survey检验
periodical surveys 定期检验
annual surveys 年度检验
docking surveys 坞内检验
special surveys 特殊检验
workmanship 工艺质量，（制造）工艺
distinguishing mark 识别符号
closing appliances 关闭装置
auxiliary steering gear 辅助操舵装置
drydock 干坞
interval 间隔
stern frame 尾柱，尾框架
chafing 磨损，擦伤
due day 到期日，支付日期
grace 宽限，缓期
ship age 船龄
non-destructive method 无损探伤方法
ultrasonics 超声波
supervision 管理，监督
damage repair 损坏修理
Additional terms and Expressions
International Maritime Organization(IMO) 国际海事组织
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea(SOLAS) 国际海上人命安全公约
International Convention on load line 国际载重线公约
International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships国际吨位丈量公约
United States Coast Guard (USCG)美国海岸警备队
Department of Trade(DOT)英国贸易部
Rules for the Construction of Sea-Going Steel Ships钢制海船建造规范
Regulation for the Classification of Sea-Going Steel Ships钢制海船入级规范
Ship-surveying Office(Organ) 验船机构
agreement on ship survey 验船协议
safety certificate 安全证书
exemption certificate 免除证书
technical identification of product产品技术质量证书
technical appraisal for product 产品技术鉴定书
classification survey for the first entry 初次入级检验
survey for maintenance of class保级入级检验
in-water survey 水下检验
continuous survey 循环检验
postponement survey 展期检验
occasional survey 临时检验
on-hire(off-hire) survey 起租（退租）检验
warranty survey索赔检验
notarial survey公证检验
Notes to the Text
A cargo shipper and the underwriter requested to insure a maritime risk some assurance that any particular vessel is structurally fit to undertake a propose voyage.
requested to insure a maritime过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰the underwriter。其中risk作“保险业务”讲。
that any particular vessel…voyage是assurance的同位语从句。句中的“is structurally fit to”译为“结构上适合于”。
To enable the shipper and underwriter to distinguish the good risk from the bad …
不定式短语作目的状语用。其中from the bad省略了risk，且这里的risk应选择“保险对象”这一个词义，译文中引申为“船舶”。故这个短语译成：“为了使货运主和水运保险商能区分船舶的优劣”。
3,Classification is not compulsory but the ship owner with an unclassed ship will be required to satisfy government regulating bodies that it has sufficient structural strength for assignment of a load line issue of a safety construction certificate:
that it has… certificate为,satisfy+名词（n.）+that从句”结构，意思是,使n.相信that从句的内容”.从句中的issue和strength是同位关系，都是has的宾语；这里的issue应作“结果”解释，译文中引申为“持有”。整个同位语从句译为：“该船舶对于勘定的载重线应具有足够的强度并持有一份结构安全证书”。
the maximum interval allowed being two years
独立分词结构。the maximum interval为逻辑主语，being two years分词短语；allowed过去分词作后置定语用，修饰逻辑主语。
Where it is inconvenient for the owner to fulfill this requirement Lloyd’s will allow a period of grace not exceeding twelve months from the due date providing the surveyor is able to assess the general condition of the vessel about the time of the due date.
主句是Lloyd’s will allow a period of grace…,其中not exceeding twelve months from the due date 为现在分词短语（否定式），修饰a period of grace.
where it is… requirement这个从句可以看作和providing 引出的从句子一样，带有条件性质。
Also supplied are particulars of the manufacture and testing of the materials of construction,together with full details of the equipment.
倒装句，参见第六课注5。
together with 在此相当于as well as.
Classification Societies
A cargo shipper and the underwriter requested to insure a maritime risk requie some assurance that any particular vessel is structurally fit to undertake a proposed voyage,TO enable the shipper and underwriter to distinguish the good risk from the bad2 a system of classification has been formulated over a period of some two hundred years.During this period reliable organizations have been created for the initial and continuing inspections of ships so that classification may be assessed and maintained,
The principal maritime nations have the following classification societies:
Great Britain ------Lloyd’s Register of shipping
France----------Bureau Veritas
Germany------Germanischher Lloyd
Norway-------Det Norske Veritas
Italy------Registro Italiano Navale
United States of Amerrica--------American Bureau of Shipping
Russia-----Register of Shipping of the USSR
Japan----Nippon Kaizi Ngokai
These classification societies publish rules and regulations which are principally concerned with the strength of the ship,the provision of adequate equipment,and the reliability of the machinery.Ships may be built in any country to a particular classification society’s rules,and they are not restricted to classification by relevant society of the country where they are built.Classification is not compulsory but the shipowner with an unclassed ship will be required to satisfy governmental regulating bodies that it has sufficient structural strength for assignment of a load line and issue of a safety construction certificate.
Only the requirements of Lloyd’s Register of Shipping which is the oldest of the classification societies are dealt with in detail,Founded in 1760 and reconstituded in 1834.Lloyd’s Register was amalgamated with the British Corporation,the only other British classification society in existence at that time,in 1949.Steel ships built in accordance with Lloyd’s Register rules or equivalent standards,are assigned a class in the Register Book,and continue to be classed so long as they are maintained in accordance with the Rules.
Lloyd’s register classification symbols
Class 100A1 is assigned to sea-going ships built in accordance with the society’s rules and regulations for the desired draft,It is also assigned to ships designed for specific purposes,the specific purpose being noted,e.g.100A1 oil tanker,100A1 liquefied gas carrier,100A1 ore carrier,100A1 trawler,100A1 tug,etc,There is also a class 100A1 for restricted service or for special purposes,this class being assigned to sea-going ships intended to operate with specific geographical limits or for special purposes which will be indicated in the Register Book,Additionally there is a class,Al for registered office; this class is intended for ships trading only within specially sheltered waters such as harbours,rivers,etc.,which will be indicated in the Register Book,Other class notations noted in the Register Book include,special cargoes,where the vessel has been approved for carrying cargoes,where a special nature; special features,where a special feature in design or construction or machinery,has been approved; corrosion control,where an approved method of corrosion control has been fitted,and a reduction in scantlings has been permitted,Four classes of ice strengthening are detailed in the Rules,and it is the responsibility of the shipowner to determine which notation is most suitable for his requirements.
Ice Class 1 intended for ships navigating in extreme ice conditions
Ice Class 2 intended for ships navigating in severe ice conditions
Ice Class 2 intended for ships navigating in intermediate ice conditions
Ice Class 3 intended for ships navigating in light ice conditions
The figure 1 in the character of classification assigned to a ship indicates that her equipment of anchors,chain cables,and hawsers are in good and efficient condition and in accordance with the requirements of the Rules,When the equipment is not in accordance with the requirements of the Rules,but is considered by the society to be acceptable for the particular service,they may agree to the figure 1 being omitted and a line inserted after the character,thus 100A----Special consideration is also given to ships which by reason of their particular service or purpose do not require normal equipment,in this case the figure I may be omitted from the character of classification,thus 100A.
Where the machinery in constructed and installed on board the ship in accordance with the Society’s Rules and Regulations,on satisfactory completion of trials the machinery is assigned the notation LMC (Lloyd’s Machinery Certificate) in the Register Book.
New vessels built for classification with Lloyd’s Register are to have all constructional plans and particulars of the hull,equipment,and machinery submitted to the Society for approval before the work is commenced,These vessels are built under the Society’s Special Survey which entails the presence of the local surveyor,from work commencement to ship completion,to examine the material and workmanship,When classed the vessel will be entitled to the distinguishing sed the vessel will be entitled to the distinguishing mark ╋ indicating it is built under Special Survey inserted before the character in the Register Book,thus ╋ 100AL.New machinery constructed under the Society’s Special Survey is given the class notation in the Register Book ╋ LMC,The date of completion of the special survey during construction will normally be taken as the date of build entered in the Register Book.
Periodical surveys
To maintain the assigned class the vessel has to be examined by the Society’s surveyors at regular periods.
Annual surveys All steel ship are required to be surveyed at intervals of approximately one year,These annual surveys are where practicable held concurrently with statutory annual or other load line surveys,At the survey the survey is to examine the condition of all closing appliances covered by the conditions of assignment of minimum freeboard,the freeboard marks,and auxiliary steering gear particularly rod and chain gear,At the second annual survey on cargo ships or the third and subsequent special surveys on oil tankers an after and a forward hold or tank are to be examined internally.
Docking surveys A ship is required to be examined in dry clock at intervals of about 12 months,the maximum interval allowed being two years,At the clocking survey particular attention is paid to the shell plating,stern frame and rudder,and all parts of the structure particularly liable to corrosion and chafing,and any unfairness of bottom.
The general condition of the vessel is assessed,and anchors and cables are inspected where possible at these annual and docking surveys,
Special surveys All steel ships classed with Lloyd’s Register are subjected to special surveys,These surveys become due at four –yearly intervals,the first four years from the date of build or date of special survey for classification and thereafter four years from the date of the previous special survey,Where it is inconvenient for the owner to fulfil this requirement Lioyd’s will allow a period of grace not exceeding twelve months from the due date providing the surveyor is able to asses the general condition of the vessel about the time of the due date,Special surveys may,where the vessel is on a regular schedule,be carried out over an extended period,and be commenced prior to the due date,but should not extend over a period greater than twelve months.
At the request of an owner,Lloyd’s Register may agree to the survey of a hull being carried out on a continuous survey basis,all compartments of the hull being opened up for survey and testing in rotation,with an interval of five years between consecutive examinations of each part.
The hull requirements at a special survey,the details of the compartments to be opened up,and the material to be inspected at any special survey are listed in detail in the Rule Book (Chapter C,Section 2---cargo Ships,Section 3—Oil Tankers ),Special survey hull requirements are divided into four ship age groups as follows:
Special survey of ships under five years old
Special survey of ships between five and ten years old
Special survey of ships over ten years old
First special survey held after ship is twenty years old and at every special survey thereafter.
In each case the amount of inspection required increases and more material is removed so that the condition of the bare steel may be assessed,It should be noted that where the surveyor is allowed to ascertain by drilling or other approval means the thickness of material,non-destructive methods such as ultrasonics are available in contemporary practice for this purpose,
When classification is required for a ship not built under the supervision of the Society’s surveyors,plans showing the main scantlings and arrangements of the actual ship are submitted to the Society for approval,Also supplied are particulars of the manufacture and testing of the materials of construction,together with full details of the equipment,Where plans etc.,are not available,the Society’s surveyors are to be allowed to lift the relevant for classification all the hull requirements for special surveys (A),(B),and (C) are to be carried out,Ships over twenty years old are to comply with the hull requirements of special survey (D),and oil tankers must comply with the additional requirements stipulated in the Rules and Regulations,During this survey the surveyor assesses the standard of the workmanship,and varies the scantlings and arrangements submitted for approval,It should be noted that the special survey for classification will recelve special consideration from Lloyd’s Register in the case of a vessel of reasonably new construction,Periodical surveys where the vessel is classed are subsequently held as in the case of ships built under survey,being dated from the date of special survey for classification,
Damage repairs
When a vessel requires repairs to damaged equipment or to the hull it is necessary for the work to be carried out to the satisfaction of Lloyd’s Register surveyors,In order that ship maintains its class,approval of the repairs undertaken must be obtained from the surveyors either at the time of the repair or at the earliest opportunity.
(From,Ship Construction” by D.J.Eyres,1972)
Technical terms
Classification society 船级社
shipper 货主，航运者
underwriter 水运保险商
voyage航行（程）
inspection 检查（验）
classification 入级
Lloyd’s register of shipping (LR) 英国劳氏船级社
Bureau Veritas (BV) 法国船级社（检验局）
Germanischer Lloyd (GL) 联邦德国船级社
Det Norske Veritas (DNV) 挪威船级社
Registro Italiano Navale (RI) 意大利船级社
American Bureau of shipping(ABS) 美国船级社
Register of shipping the USSR(PC) 苏联船舶登记局（检验局）
Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NK) 日本海事协会
Register of shipping of the people’s republic of China(ZC)中华人民共和国船舶检验局
reliability 可靠性
classed ship 入级船
regulating body 管理（制定条约）机构
assignment 勘定，指定
Safety Construction Certificate 结构安全证书
register book 船名录，登记册
classification symbol 船级符号
class notation 船级标志
liquefied gas carrier 液化气运输船
liquefied natural gas carrier(LNG) 液化天然气运输船
liquefied petroleum gas carrier(LPG) 液化石油气运输船
ore carrier 矿砂船
trawler 拖网渔船
tug 拖船
restricted service 限制航区
sheltered water遮蔽水域
clear water 开敞水域
harbour 港口
corrosion 腐蚀
scantling 结构吃水
ice strengthening 冰区加强
anchor 锚
chain cable 锚链
hawser 缆（锚）索
LMC(Lloyd’s machinery certificate ) 劳氏船级社机械设备合格证书
survey检验
periodical surveys 定期检验
annual surveys 年度检验
docking surveys 坞内检验
special surveys 特殊检验
workmanship 工艺质量，（制造）工艺
distinguishing mark 识别符号
closing appliances 关闭装置
auxiliary steering gear 辅助操舵装置
drydock 干坞
interval 间隔
stern frame 尾柱，尾框架
chafing 磨损，擦伤
due day 到期日，支付日期
grace 宽限，缓期
ship age 船龄
non-destructive method 无损探伤方法
ultrasonics 超声波
supervision 管理，监督
damage repair 损坏修理
Additional terms and Expressions
International Maritime Organization(IMO) 国际海事组织
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea(SOLAS) 国际海上人命安全公约
International Convention on load line 国际载重线公约
International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships国际吨位丈量公约
United States Coast Guard (USCG)美国海岸警备队
Department of Trade(DOT)英国贸易部
Rules for the Construction of Sea-Going Steel Ships钢制海船建造规范
Regulation for the Classification of Sea-Going Steel Ships钢制海船入级规范
Ship-surveying Office(Organ) 验船机构
agreement on ship survey 验船协议
safety certificate 安全证书
exemption certificate 免除证书
technical identification of product产品技术质量证书
technical appraisal for product 产品技术鉴定书
classification survey for the first entry 初次入级检验
survey for maintenance of class保级入级检验
in-water survey 水下检验
continuous survey 循环检验
postponement survey 展期检验
occasional survey 临时检验
on-hire(off-hire) survey 起租（退租）检验
warranty survey索赔检验
notarial survey公证检验
Notes to the Text
A cargo shipper and the underwriter requested to insure a maritime risk some assurance that any particular vessel is structurally fit to undertake a propose voyage.
requested to insure a maritime过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰the underwriter。其中risk作“保险业务”讲。
that any particular vessel…voyage是assurance的同位语从句。句中的“is structurally fit to”译为“结构上适合于”。
To enable the shipper and underwriter to distinguish the good risk from the bad …
不定式短语作目的状语用。其中from the bad省略了risk，且这里的risk应选择“保险对象”这一个词义，译文中引申为“船舶”。故这个短语译成：“为了使货运主和水运保险商能区分船舶的优劣”。
3,Classification is not compulsory but the ship owner with an unclassed ship will be required to satisfy government regulating bodies that it has sufficient structural strength for assignment of a load line issue of a safety construction certificate:
that it has… certificate为,satisfy+名词（n.）+that从句”结构，意思是,使n.相信that从句的内容”.从句中的issue和strength是同位关系，都是has的宾语；这里的issue应作“结果”解释，译文中引申为“持有”。整个同位语从句译为：“该船舶对于勘定的载重线应具有足够的强度并持有一份结构安全证书”。
the maximum interval allowed being two years
独立分词结构。the maximum interval为逻辑主语，being two years分词短语；allowed过去分词作后置定语用，修饰逻辑主语。
Where it is inconvenient for the owner to fulfill this requirement Lloyd’s will allow a period of grace not exceeding twelve months from the due date providing the surveyor is able to assess the general condition of the vessel about the time of the due date.
主句是Lloyd’s will allow a period of grace…,其中not exceeding twelve months from the due date 为现在分词短语（否定式），修饰a period of grace.
where it is… requirement这个从句可以看作和providing 引出的从句子一样，带有条件性质。
Also supplied are particulars of the manufacture and testing of the materials of construction,together with full details of the equipment.
倒装句，参见第六课注5。
together with 在此相当于as well as.
