Lesson Seventeen
Sea Trials
Taking a brand new ship to sea for the first time is naturally quite an event after so many months of preparation and hard work,and the prevailing spirit is one of cheerful optimism,especially if the hopes of good weather have materialized,As soon as the trials party is assembled on board,the pilot,who has probably been waiting in the wheelhouse for some time,orders the gangway away and the mooring ropes cast off and takes the ship out of harbour,Sea trial programmes vary somewhat to suit owners particular requirements,but most have several trials in common which will be briefly described,Before the ship has proceeded very far out to sea and while she is still in shallow water,the engines will probably be stopped in order to carry out anchor-heaving trials on the wind lass; after which the magnetic compass will be adjusted by a specialist known as a compass adjuster,who will carry out his work by a process called ‘swinging ship’,Let us assume that the ship now shapes course for the measured mile,to run a series of speed trials,On the way steering trials will be carried out in order to check the time it takes for the rudder to be put from hard-over one side to hard-over the other,Manoeuvring trials may also be carried out to determine the ship’s turning circle and the time and distance from engines full ahead to full astern.
Eventually the ship arrives off the measured mile course,The mile course is marked-out by means of posts,two at each end,on the shoreline,Officials on the bridge of the ship know they are,on” or,off” the mile when posts,which are placed one behind the other,come in transit,Usually the posts,carry lights to aid visibility,The ship will make several runs up and down the mile,some at about three-quarter power and some at full power,There are several matters to which attention must be given if the trial results are to be accurate,Good weather and sea conditions are particularly important,and the distance the ship runs offshore should be maintained for all runs up and down the miles as tide or current may vary in different parts of the course,For each power setting,a pair of runs,one in each direction,is a minimum requirement to cancel tidal effects over the whole course,assuming uniform increase or decrease in tide flow,Speeds,powers and revolutions obtained must be averaged,It is most important that a sufficient length of run be made before coming on to the measured mile and after turning at the end of it for another run,This is to ensure that the engine has settled down to a steady power and the ship to her maximum speed for that particular power,The rudder must be used as little as possible,because excessive use of it reduces speed and may actually increase the distance run,Stop-watch timing must be done with great care,and fuel valve setting should not be altered for any group of runs.
Progressive speed trial,when analysed,can give valuable data,not only for the ship tested,but also for future ship designs and for comparison with other ships and tank experimental results,The object of such trial from the shipbuilder’s point of view is to measure propulsive efficiency and to demonstrate to the shipowner that the conditions of contract under the specification have been fulfilled.
After speed trial on the measured mile,an endurance trial of several hours duration is often carried out in order to determine the overall fuel consumption of the machinery.
(From,Background to Ship Design and Shipbuilding production” by J,Anthony Hind,1965)
Technical Terms
1,sea trial 试航
2,a brand new ship 崭新的船
3,trials party 试航小组
4,gangway 舷梯
5,mooring rope 缆索
6,sea trial programmes 试航大纲
7,anchor-heaving trial 抛锚试验
8,windlass 锚机
9,compass adjuster 罗经校正员
10,swing ship 回转船
11,measured mile course 测速区
12,speed trials 航速试验
13,steering trial 操舵试验
14,hard over (port/starboard ) （左/右）满舵
15,manoeuvring trial 操纵试验
16．Sea condition 海况
17,offshore 海岸的，近海的
18,bridge 桥楼
19,visibility 可见度，能见度
20,power setting 马力调定
21,revolution 转速，旋转（体）
22,stop-watch 秒表
23,tank experimental results 船池试航结果
24,propulsive efficiency 推进效率
25,endurance trial 续航力试验
26,fuel consumption 燃油消耗
Additional Terms and Expressions
operation and test 动车和试验
bollard test,dock trial 系泊试验
official trial 正航试验
nautical mile 海里
anchorage 锚地
wind scale 风级
inertia test,stopping test 惯性试验
tacting trial 回转试验
course keeping test 航向稳定性试验
mooring equipment 系泊设备
engine telegraph 车钟
shaft horsepower 轴马力
revolution per minute (R.P.M.) 每分钟转数
exhaust boiler 废汽锅炉
loran 劳兰（远距离无线电导航）
gyro compass,radio compass 电罗经
echo sounding 回声测深
(life boat ) davit 吊艇架
Notes to the Text
…orders the gangway away and the mooring ropes cast off
Order作动词用，表示“命令”，其宾语可带副词作宾语补足语。句中的副词away和cast off 是宾语补足语。
On the way steering trials will be carried out in order to check the time it takes for the rudder to be put from hard-over the one side to hard-over the other
it takes至句末为定语从句，修饰time,因为关系代词作takes 的宾语，所以省略；
it 是形式主语，逻辑主语为动词不定式（被动态）to be put…，而该动词的行为主体是the rudder 。
hard-over one side意为一舷的满舵，不妨译成“左满舵”，则hard-over the other就译成“右满舵”。
from engines full ahead to full astern
to后省略去engines，意为“从主机全速前进（全马力正车）到主机全速后退（全马力倒车）”。
Officials on the bridge of the ship know they are,on,or,off” the mile when the posts,which are placed one behind the other,come in transit,
they are,on,or,off” the mile为主句中谓语know 的宾语从句，when the posts come in transit为状语从句，修饰动词know ；which 引导不得失菲限制性定语从句，修饰状语从句中的主语the posts，come in transit中transit作为组合动词，come in的宾语，整个状语从句可译成“当两根标杆移到恰好重叠时”。
it is most important that a sufficient length of run be made before coming on to the measured mile and after
（少242及以后）
Sea Trials
Taking a brand new ship to sea for the first time is naturally quite an event after so many months of preparation and hard work,and the prevailing spirit is one of cheerful optimism,especially if the hopes of good weather have materialized,As soon as the trials party is assembled on board,the pilot,who has probably been waiting in the wheelhouse for some time,orders the gangway away and the mooring ropes cast off and takes the ship out of harbour,Sea trial programmes vary somewhat to suit owners particular requirements,but most have several trials in common which will be briefly described,Before the ship has proceeded very far out to sea and while she is still in shallow water,the engines will probably be stopped in order to carry out anchor-heaving trials on the wind lass; after which the magnetic compass will be adjusted by a specialist known as a compass adjuster,who will carry out his work by a process called ‘swinging ship’,Let us assume that the ship now shapes course for the measured mile,to run a series of speed trials,On the way steering trials will be carried out in order to check the time it takes for the rudder to be put from hard-over one side to hard-over the other,Manoeuvring trials may also be carried out to determine the ship’s turning circle and the time and distance from engines full ahead to full astern.
Eventually the ship arrives off the measured mile course,The mile course is marked-out by means of posts,two at each end,on the shoreline,Officials on the bridge of the ship know they are,on” or,off” the mile when posts,which are placed one behind the other,come in transit,Usually the posts,carry lights to aid visibility,The ship will make several runs up and down the mile,some at about three-quarter power and some at full power,There are several matters to which attention must be given if the trial results are to be accurate,Good weather and sea conditions are particularly important,and the distance the ship runs offshore should be maintained for all runs up and down the miles as tide or current may vary in different parts of the course,For each power setting,a pair of runs,one in each direction,is a minimum requirement to cancel tidal effects over the whole course,assuming uniform increase or decrease in tide flow,Speeds,powers and revolutions obtained must be averaged,It is most important that a sufficient length of run be made before coming on to the measured mile and after turning at the end of it for another run,This is to ensure that the engine has settled down to a steady power and the ship to her maximum speed for that particular power,The rudder must be used as little as possible,because excessive use of it reduces speed and may actually increase the distance run,Stop-watch timing must be done with great care,and fuel valve setting should not be altered for any group of runs.
Progressive speed trial,when analysed,can give valuable data,not only for the ship tested,but also for future ship designs and for comparison with other ships and tank experimental results,The object of such trial from the shipbuilder’s point of view is to measure propulsive efficiency and to demonstrate to the shipowner that the conditions of contract under the specification have been fulfilled.
After speed trial on the measured mile,an endurance trial of several hours duration is often carried out in order to determine the overall fuel consumption of the machinery.
(From,Background to Ship Design and Shipbuilding production” by J,Anthony Hind,1965)
Technical Terms
1,sea trial 试航
2,a brand new ship 崭新的船
3,trials party 试航小组
4,gangway 舷梯
5,mooring rope 缆索
6,sea trial programmes 试航大纲
7,anchor-heaving trial 抛锚试验
8,windlass 锚机
9,compass adjuster 罗经校正员
10,swing ship 回转船
11,measured mile course 测速区
12,speed trials 航速试验
13,steering trial 操舵试验
14,hard over (port/starboard ) （左/右）满舵
15,manoeuvring trial 操纵试验
16．Sea condition 海况
17,offshore 海岸的，近海的
18,bridge 桥楼
19,visibility 可见度，能见度
20,power setting 马力调定
21,revolution 转速，旋转（体）
22,stop-watch 秒表
23,tank experimental results 船池试航结果
24,propulsive efficiency 推进效率
25,endurance trial 续航力试验
26,fuel consumption 燃油消耗
Additional Terms and Expressions
operation and test 动车和试验
bollard test,dock trial 系泊试验
official trial 正航试验
nautical mile 海里
anchorage 锚地
wind scale 风级
inertia test,stopping test 惯性试验
tacting trial 回转试验
course keeping test 航向稳定性试验
mooring equipment 系泊设备
engine telegraph 车钟
shaft horsepower 轴马力
revolution per minute (R.P.M.) 每分钟转数
exhaust boiler 废汽锅炉
loran 劳兰（远距离无线电导航）
gyro compass,radio compass 电罗经
echo sounding 回声测深
(life boat ) davit 吊艇架
Notes to the Text
…orders the gangway away and the mooring ropes cast off
Order作动词用，表示“命令”，其宾语可带副词作宾语补足语。句中的副词away和cast off 是宾语补足语。
On the way steering trials will be carried out in order to check the time it takes for the rudder to be put from hard-over the one side to hard-over the other
it takes至句末为定语从句，修饰time,因为关系代词作takes 的宾语，所以省略；
it 是形式主语，逻辑主语为动词不定式（被动态）to be put…，而该动词的行为主体是the rudder 。
hard-over one side意为一舷的满舵，不妨译成“左满舵”，则hard-over the other就译成“右满舵”。
from engines full ahead to full astern
to后省略去engines，意为“从主机全速前进（全马力正车）到主机全速后退（全马力倒车）”。
Officials on the bridge of the ship know they are,on,or,off” the mile when the posts,which are placed one behind the other,come in transit,
they are,on,or,off” the mile为主句中谓语know 的宾语从句，when the posts come in transit为状语从句，修饰动词know ；which 引导不得失菲限制性定语从句，修饰状语从句中的主语the posts，come in transit中transit作为组合动词，come in的宾语，整个状语从句可译成“当两根标杆移到恰好重叠时”。
it is most important that a sufficient length of run be made before coming on to the measured mile and after
（少242及以后）
