Lesson Twenty
Unattended Machinery Spaces
The sophistication of modern control systems and the reliability of the equipment used have resulted in machinery spaces remaining unattended for long periods,In order to ensure the safety of the ship and its equipment during UMS operation certain essential requirements must be met:
1,Bridge control A control system to operate the main machinery must be provided on the bridge,Instrumentation providing certain basic information must be provided.
2,machinery control room A centralized control room must be provided with the equipment to operate all main and auxiliary machinery easily accessible.
3,Alarm and fire protection An alarm system is required which must be comprehensive in coverage of the equipment and able to provided warnings in the control room,the machinery spaces,the accommodation and on the bridge,A fire detection and alarm system which operates rapidly must also be provided through out the machinery space,and a fire control point must be provided outside the machinery space with facilities for control of emergency equipment.
4,Emergency power A means of providing emergency electrical power and essential lighting must be provided,This is usually met by the automatic start up of a standby generator,Automatic synchronizing and load sharing must also take place.
Bridge control
Equipment operation from the machinery control room will be by a trained engineer,The various preparatory steps and logical timed sequence of events which an engineer will undertake cannot be expected to occur when equipment is operated from the bridge,Bridge control must therefore have built into the system appropriate circuits to provide the correct timing,logic and sequence,There must also be protection devices and safety interlocks built into the system.
A bridge control system for a steam turbine main propulsion engine is shown in Fig,1.Control of the main engine may be from the bridge control unit or the machinery control room,The programming and timing unit ensures that the correct logical sequence of events occurs over the appropriate period,Typical operations would include the raising of steam in the boiler,the circulating of lubricating oil through the turbine and the opening of steam drains from the turbine,The timing of certain events,such as the opening and closing of steam valves,must be carefully controlled to avoid dangerous conditions occurring or to allow other system adjustments to occur,Protection and safety circuits or interlocks would be input to the programming and timing unit to stop its action if,for example,the turning gear was still engaged or the lubricating oil pressure was low,The ahead/astern selector would direct signals to the appropriate valve controller resulting in valve actuation and steam supply,
When manoeuvring some switching arrangement would ensure that the astern guardian valve was open,bled steam was shut off,etc,If the turbine were stopped it would automatically recerve blasts of steam at timed intervals to prevent rotor distortion,A feed-back signal of shaft speed would ensure correct speed without action from the main control station.
Fig.1 Bridge control of steam turbine plant
A bridge control system for a slow speed diesel main engine is shown in Fig,2,Control may be from either station with the operating signal passing to programming and timing unit,Safety interlocks will be input signals to prevent engine starting or to shut down the engine if a fault occurred,The programming signal would then pass to the camshaft positioner to ensure the correct directional location.
A logic device would receive the signal next and arrange for the supply of starting air to turn the engine,A signal passing through the governor would supply fuel to the engine to start and continue operation,A feedback signal of engine speed would shut off the starting air and also enable the governor to control engine speed,Engine speed would be provided as an instrument reading at both control stations.
Fig,2 Bridge control of slow speed diesel engine
A bridge control system for a controllable pitch propeller is shown in Fig,3,The propeller pitch and engine speed are usually controlled by a single lever (combinator ),The control lever signal passes via the selector to the engine governor and the pitch operating actuator,Pitch and engine speed signals will be fed back and displayed at both control stations,The load control unit ensures a constant load on the engine by varying propeller pitch as external conditions change,The input signals are from the fuel pump setting and actual engine speed,The output signal is supplied as a feedback to the pitch controller.
The steering gear is,of course,bridge controlled and is arranged for automatic or manual control,A typical automatic or auto pilot system is shown in Fig.4,A three term controller provides the output signal where a course deviation exists and will bring about a rudder movement,
Fig,3 Bridge control of controllable pitch propeller
Fig,4 Automatic steering system
图4 自动操舵系统
The various system parts are shown in terms of their system functions and the particular item of equipment involved,The feedback loop between the rudder and the amplifier (variable delivery pump) results in no pumping action when equilibrium exists in the system,External forces can act on the ship or the rudder to cause a change in the ship’s actual course resulting in a feedback to the controller and subsequent corrective action,The controller action must be correctly adjusted for the particular external conditions to ensure that excessive rudder movement does not occur.
（From,Introduction to Marine Engineering,,D.A,Taylor,1983）
Technical Terms
1,bridge control 驾驶室控制
2,machinery control room 机舱控制室
3,machinery space 机舱
4,unattended machinery space (UMS) 无人机舱
5,timing unit 定时装置
6,ahead 正车，前进
7,astern 倒车，后退
8,safety checks 安全闭锁器
9,speed controller 转速控制器
10,selector 选择器，转换器
11,valve actuator 阀门执行机构
12,fire protection 防火
13,fire detection 探火
14,emergency power 应急电源
15,essential lighting 主要照明
16．logic 逻辑
17．log 计程仪，航海日志
18．safety interlocks 安全联锁装置
19．program 程序，图表，说明书
20．Programming 程序设计，规划
21．Programming system 程序系统
22．Steam turbine plant 汽轮机装置
23．Air manifold 空气岐管，空气管汇
24,fuel rack 油门齿条
25,auto pilot system 自动导航系统
26,pitch control mechanism 螺距控制机构
27,load control 负荷控制
28,hand control 手动控制
29,crank 手柄
30,telemotor 遥控传动装置
31,transmitter 变送器，传感器
32,variable displacement pump 变排量泵
33,amplifier 放大器
34,feedback loop 反馈回路
35,steering gear 操舵装置
36,power input 电源输入
37,compass 罗经，指南针
38,set course 设定航向
39,automatic steering system 自动操舵系统
Additional Terms and Expressions
automatic main engine remote control 主机自动遥控（装置）
automatic diesel and generator control unit 柴油发电机自动控制装置
automatic pump control 泵油自动控制（装置）
automatic marine boiler control 船用锅炉自动控制（装置）
automatic generating system 电站自动装置
automatic lock demand unit 负荷自动测定装置
automatic unloading control 卸载自动控制装置
autopilot 自动驾驶仪
data logger system 巡回检测系统
telemetry observation system 遥测监测系统
data processing system 数据处理系统
automatic cut out device 自动停车装置
Notes to the Text
Typical operations would include the raising of steam in the boiler,the circulating of lubricating oil through the turbine and the opening of steam drains from the turbine.
其中would表示了一种倾向性的特征，同时带有虚拟成分，使语气显得比较婉转。本文中would用的较多。
Protection and safety circuits or interlocks would be input to the programming and timing unit to stop its action if,or example,the turning gear was still engaged or the lubricating oil pressure was low.
这是虚拟条件句，表示假设的条件不会发生或发生的可能性非常小。参见第四课注5。
When manoeuving some switching arrangement would ensure that the astern guardian valve was open,bled steam was shut off,etc.
这是一复合句。主句为some switching arrangement would ensure that……，其中that the astern guardian valve was open为宾语从句，when manoeuvring 为省略的状语从句，参见第六课注3。
4,various safety interlocks will be input signals to prevent engine starting or to shut down the engine if a fault occurred.
本句为主从复合句。if a fault occurred为条件状语从句，主句中的主语为Various safety interlocks，不定式短语to prevent engine starting和to shut down the engine都作目的短语。
The load control unit ensures a constant load on the engine by varying propeller pitch as external conditions change.
句中as external conditions change为时间状语从句，by varying propeller pitch是介词by引出的动名词短语，表示行为方式。
Unattended Machinery Spaces
The sophistication of modern control systems and the reliability of the equipment used have resulted in machinery spaces remaining unattended for long periods,In order to ensure the safety of the ship and its equipment during UMS operation certain essential requirements must be met:
1,Bridge control A control system to operate the main machinery must be provided on the bridge,Instrumentation providing certain basic information must be provided.
2,machinery control room A centralized control room must be provided with the equipment to operate all main and auxiliary machinery easily accessible.
3,Alarm and fire protection An alarm system is required which must be comprehensive in coverage of the equipment and able to provided warnings in the control room,the machinery spaces,the accommodation and on the bridge,A fire detection and alarm system which operates rapidly must also be provided through out the machinery space,and a fire control point must be provided outside the machinery space with facilities for control of emergency equipment.
4,Emergency power A means of providing emergency electrical power and essential lighting must be provided,This is usually met by the automatic start up of a standby generator,Automatic synchronizing and load sharing must also take place.
Bridge control
Equipment operation from the machinery control room will be by a trained engineer,The various preparatory steps and logical timed sequence of events which an engineer will undertake cannot be expected to occur when equipment is operated from the bridge,Bridge control must therefore have built into the system appropriate circuits to provide the correct timing,logic and sequence,There must also be protection devices and safety interlocks built into the system.
A bridge control system for a steam turbine main propulsion engine is shown in Fig,1.Control of the main engine may be from the bridge control unit or the machinery control room,The programming and timing unit ensures that the correct logical sequence of events occurs over the appropriate period,Typical operations would include the raising of steam in the boiler,the circulating of lubricating oil through the turbine and the opening of steam drains from the turbine,The timing of certain events,such as the opening and closing of steam valves,must be carefully controlled to avoid dangerous conditions occurring or to allow other system adjustments to occur,Protection and safety circuits or interlocks would be input to the programming and timing unit to stop its action if,for example,the turning gear was still engaged or the lubricating oil pressure was low,The ahead/astern selector would direct signals to the appropriate valve controller resulting in valve actuation and steam supply,
When manoeuvring some switching arrangement would ensure that the astern guardian valve was open,bled steam was shut off,etc,If the turbine were stopped it would automatically recerve blasts of steam at timed intervals to prevent rotor distortion,A feed-back signal of shaft speed would ensure correct speed without action from the main control station.
Fig.1 Bridge control of steam turbine plant
A bridge control system for a slow speed diesel main engine is shown in Fig,2,Control may be from either station with the operating signal passing to programming and timing unit,Safety interlocks will be input signals to prevent engine starting or to shut down the engine if a fault occurred,The programming signal would then pass to the camshaft positioner to ensure the correct directional location.
A logic device would receive the signal next and arrange for the supply of starting air to turn the engine,A signal passing through the governor would supply fuel to the engine to start and continue operation,A feedback signal of engine speed would shut off the starting air and also enable the governor to control engine speed,Engine speed would be provided as an instrument reading at both control stations.
Fig,2 Bridge control of slow speed diesel engine
A bridge control system for a controllable pitch propeller is shown in Fig,3,The propeller pitch and engine speed are usually controlled by a single lever (combinator ),The control lever signal passes via the selector to the engine governor and the pitch operating actuator,Pitch and engine speed signals will be fed back and displayed at both control stations,The load control unit ensures a constant load on the engine by varying propeller pitch as external conditions change,The input signals are from the fuel pump setting and actual engine speed,The output signal is supplied as a feedback to the pitch controller.
The steering gear is,of course,bridge controlled and is arranged for automatic or manual control,A typical automatic or auto pilot system is shown in Fig.4,A three term controller provides the output signal where a course deviation exists and will bring about a rudder movement,
Fig,3 Bridge control of controllable pitch propeller
Fig,4 Automatic steering system
图4 自动操舵系统
The various system parts are shown in terms of their system functions and the particular item of equipment involved,The feedback loop between the rudder and the amplifier (variable delivery pump) results in no pumping action when equilibrium exists in the system,External forces can act on the ship or the rudder to cause a change in the ship’s actual course resulting in a feedback to the controller and subsequent corrective action,The controller action must be correctly adjusted for the particular external conditions to ensure that excessive rudder movement does not occur.
（From,Introduction to Marine Engineering,,D.A,Taylor,1983）
Technical Terms
1,bridge control 驾驶室控制
2,machinery control room 机舱控制室
3,machinery space 机舱
4,unattended machinery space (UMS) 无人机舱
5,timing unit 定时装置
6,ahead 正车，前进
7,astern 倒车，后退
8,safety checks 安全闭锁器
9,speed controller 转速控制器
10,selector 选择器，转换器
11,valve actuator 阀门执行机构
12,fire protection 防火
13,fire detection 探火
14,emergency power 应急电源
15,essential lighting 主要照明
16．logic 逻辑
17．log 计程仪，航海日志
18．safety interlocks 安全联锁装置
19．program 程序，图表，说明书
20．Programming 程序设计，规划
21．Programming system 程序系统
22．Steam turbine plant 汽轮机装置
23．Air manifold 空气岐管，空气管汇
24,fuel rack 油门齿条
25,auto pilot system 自动导航系统
26,pitch control mechanism 螺距控制机构
27,load control 负荷控制
28,hand control 手动控制
29,crank 手柄
30,telemotor 遥控传动装置
31,transmitter 变送器，传感器
32,variable displacement pump 变排量泵
33,amplifier 放大器
34,feedback loop 反馈回路
35,steering gear 操舵装置
36,power input 电源输入
37,compass 罗经，指南针
38,set course 设定航向
39,automatic steering system 自动操舵系统
Additional Terms and Expressions
automatic main engine remote control 主机自动遥控（装置）
automatic diesel and generator control unit 柴油发电机自动控制装置
automatic pump control 泵油自动控制（装置）
automatic marine boiler control 船用锅炉自动控制（装置）
automatic generating system 电站自动装置
automatic lock demand unit 负荷自动测定装置
automatic unloading control 卸载自动控制装置
autopilot 自动驾驶仪
data logger system 巡回检测系统
telemetry observation system 遥测监测系统
data processing system 数据处理系统
automatic cut out device 自动停车装置
Notes to the Text
Typical operations would include the raising of steam in the boiler,the circulating of lubricating oil through the turbine and the opening of steam drains from the turbine.
其中would表示了一种倾向性的特征，同时带有虚拟成分，使语气显得比较婉转。本文中would用的较多。
Protection and safety circuits or interlocks would be input to the programming and timing unit to stop its action if,or example,the turning gear was still engaged or the lubricating oil pressure was low.
这是虚拟条件句，表示假设的条件不会发生或发生的可能性非常小。参见第四课注5。
When manoeuving some switching arrangement would ensure that the astern guardian valve was open,bled steam was shut off,etc.
这是一复合句。主句为some switching arrangement would ensure that……，其中that the astern guardian valve was open为宾语从句，when manoeuvring 为省略的状语从句，参见第六课注3。
4,various safety interlocks will be input signals to prevent engine starting or to shut down the engine if a fault occurred.
本句为主从复合句。if a fault occurred为条件状语从句，主句中的主语为Various safety interlocks，不定式短语to prevent engine starting和to shut down the engine都作目的短语。
The load control unit ensures a constant load on the engine by varying propeller pitch as external conditions change.
句中as external conditions change为时间状语从句，by varying propeller pitch是介词by引出的动名词短语，表示行为方式。
