Lesson Twenty-five
Computer Development and the Naval Architect
Those who have attained some familiarity with computer operation and application have subsequently learned hat they must continually keep abreast of developments or rapidly fall behind,not only in regard to programming skills but most naval architects have properly decided that their interest is in using the computer and are willing to permit specialists to design the computers,However,the advent of graphical input-output devices,for example,cannot help but affect the manner in which naval architects relate to the computer,The concept of time sharing (multiple simultaneous use of the computer from remote consoles) is just achieving popularity and surely will result in wider computer usage,These brief remarks on the use of computers in naval architecture calculations,however,need not involve the tremendous advances in computer technology,some of these now seen sensational,even though many of these must in time change the practice of naval architecture,It is important,though,to mention here the more immediate progress in the development of problem-oriented language and optimization techniques for engineering design,As an example,STRESS (STR Uctural Engineering Systems Solver) consists of a language that describes the problems and a processor or computer program that accepts problem descriptions in this language and produces he requested results,The communication with the computer approximates as much as possible the engineer’s language and is in essentially the terms which one engineer would use in instructing another,There are other examples (GMR DYANA,for dynamic systems,has achieved relatively wide usage) and it appears that the majority are not,That they will become so seems certain and that similar special systems for use particularly by naval architects will be developed also seems equally certain,
Another aspect of computer utilization,at present only indirectly related to naval-architecture calculations,is the increasing control of shipbuilding fabrication procedures by computer,notably the control of flame cutting burners after input data have been received,perhaps in polynomial from or as a detailed set of offset tables,As the actively in this area increases it is certain that there will evolve a much closer correlation between the format of what is considered a completely finished ship design and the material the shipyard actually needs to construct the ship,with resulting interaction between the designer and the shipbuilder to optimize their combined efforts,The progress in graphical communication between man and machine,particularly with respect to three-dimensional representation and perception,has recently been rapid and presumably will be significant in this regard,Production scheduling inventory control,and many of the other data processing applications of computers will,of course,also play an ever larger part in revolutionizing shipyard operations.
Finally,the computer on board ships should in time affect design criteria and allow for safer and more economical operation through automatic decision making in regard to loading,engine operation,navigation,and other considerations,This too will in time affect the practice of naval architecture and may generate entirely new calculations for the naval architect to carry out.
The development of computers will surely continue and they will play an ever-increasing role in almost all aspects of our activity,The principles of naval architecture may indeed remain unchanged,but their application must be profoundly affected by this vital tool as yet in its infancy,The full impact of the computer and its capacity for increasing the engineer’s capabilities are beyond our present ability architecture will be implemented with ever-increasing intensity.
(From,Principle of Naval Architecture”,1967)
Technical Terms
programming skill 程序设计技巧
terminology 术语
hardware 硬件
phenomenal 显著的
specialists 专家
advent 出现
graphical input-output device,图像输入输出设备
time sharing 分时（系统）
multiple simultaneous use 多用途同时使用
remote consoles 远距离控制台
remark 说明，评论
problem-oriented language 面向问题的语言
optimization 优化
solver 解算器（机）
processor 信息处理机
instructing 指令，说明
flame cutting burner 火焰切割机
polynomial form 多项式形式
offset table 型值表
format 格式
graphical communication 图像联系（通信）
perception 感知
production scheduling 生产计划进展（表）
inventory control 库存量控制
data processing 数据处理
automatic decision making 自动决策
navigation 航行
infancy 初期，幼年时期
impact 影响，效果
intensity 强烈性
Additional Terms and Expressions
microcomputer 微型计算机
microprocessor 微处理机
software 软件
（magnetic） drum 磁鼓
disc (disk) 磁盘
terminal 终端
instructing 指令
data bank/base 数据库
teletypewriter 电传打字机
line printer 行式打印机
card reader 卡片输入机
card puncher 卡片穿孔机
input/output device 输入/输出设备
plotter 绘图仪
light-pen-graphic display 光笔图形显示器
optimized design of ship 船舶优化设计
computer aided design (CAD) 计算机辅助设计
Integrated Manufactured System (IMS) 综合生产系统
computer system evaluation 计算机过程控制
computer system evaluation 计算机系统评价
shipyard management system 船厂管理系统
N.C,flame cutting machine 数控切割机
N.C,pipe bender 数控弯管机
N.C,drafting machine 数控绘图机
N.C,template processing machine 数控样板机
man-machine system 人机系统
flow chart 程序框图
data processing system 数据处理系统
Notes to the Text
Those who have attained some familiarity with computer operation and application have subsequently learned that they must continually keep abreast of developments or rapidly fall behind,not only in regard to programming skills but even with respect to the terminology.
who have attained…and application 定语从句，修饰主语those.
that they must 至句末，为learned 的宾语从句。其中or为连接词，作“否则（要不然）”，解释，not only…but (even为强调)连接的两个介词短语都修饰developments.
cannot help but affect 为美国的用法，相当于英国的cannot help affecting,“不得不”解释。
…and is in essentially the terms which one engineer would use in instructing another,
in (essentially) the terms 介词短语作表语。
which one… another定语从句，which代表the terms,在从句中作use的宾语。
That they will become so seems certain,and that similar special systems for use particularly by naval architects will be developed also seems equally certain,
That seems certain,and that also seems equally certain 这两个并列句为全句的主要句子。
That they will become so (so 代表familiar with programs of this type ) 和 that similar special systems… will be developed 两者均为that 引出的主语从句。
…it is certain that there will evolve a much closer correlation between the format of what is considered a completely finished ship design and the material the shipyard actually needs to construct the ship,…
that there will evolve a much closer correlation between the format…and the material…为主语从句，具体化引导词it，此从句内部又包含了两个从句
（of）what is considered a completely finished ship design 为介词（of）的宾语从句。
（the material）the shipyard actually needs to cons-
Computer Development and the Naval Architect
Those who have attained some familiarity with computer operation and application have subsequently learned hat they must continually keep abreast of developments or rapidly fall behind,not only in regard to programming skills but most naval architects have properly decided that their interest is in using the computer and are willing to permit specialists to design the computers,However,the advent of graphical input-output devices,for example,cannot help but affect the manner in which naval architects relate to the computer,The concept of time sharing (multiple simultaneous use of the computer from remote consoles) is just achieving popularity and surely will result in wider computer usage,These brief remarks on the use of computers in naval architecture calculations,however,need not involve the tremendous advances in computer technology,some of these now seen sensational,even though many of these must in time change the practice of naval architecture,It is important,though,to mention here the more immediate progress in the development of problem-oriented language and optimization techniques for engineering design,As an example,STRESS (STR Uctural Engineering Systems Solver) consists of a language that describes the problems and a processor or computer program that accepts problem descriptions in this language and produces he requested results,The communication with the computer approximates as much as possible the engineer’s language and is in essentially the terms which one engineer would use in instructing another,There are other examples (GMR DYANA,for dynamic systems,has achieved relatively wide usage) and it appears that the majority are not,That they will become so seems certain and that similar special systems for use particularly by naval architects will be developed also seems equally certain,
Another aspect of computer utilization,at present only indirectly related to naval-architecture calculations,is the increasing control of shipbuilding fabrication procedures by computer,notably the control of flame cutting burners after input data have been received,perhaps in polynomial from or as a detailed set of offset tables,As the actively in this area increases it is certain that there will evolve a much closer correlation between the format of what is considered a completely finished ship design and the material the shipyard actually needs to construct the ship,with resulting interaction between the designer and the shipbuilder to optimize their combined efforts,The progress in graphical communication between man and machine,particularly with respect to three-dimensional representation and perception,has recently been rapid and presumably will be significant in this regard,Production scheduling inventory control,and many of the other data processing applications of computers will,of course,also play an ever larger part in revolutionizing shipyard operations.
Finally,the computer on board ships should in time affect design criteria and allow for safer and more economical operation through automatic decision making in regard to loading,engine operation,navigation,and other considerations,This too will in time affect the practice of naval architecture and may generate entirely new calculations for the naval architect to carry out.
The development of computers will surely continue and they will play an ever-increasing role in almost all aspects of our activity,The principles of naval architecture may indeed remain unchanged,but their application must be profoundly affected by this vital tool as yet in its infancy,The full impact of the computer and its capacity for increasing the engineer’s capabilities are beyond our present ability architecture will be implemented with ever-increasing intensity.
(From,Principle of Naval Architecture”,1967)
Technical Terms
programming skill 程序设计技巧
terminology 术语
hardware 硬件
phenomenal 显著的
specialists 专家
advent 出现
graphical input-output device,图像输入输出设备
time sharing 分时（系统）
multiple simultaneous use 多用途同时使用
remote consoles 远距离控制台
remark 说明，评论
problem-oriented language 面向问题的语言
optimization 优化
solver 解算器（机）
processor 信息处理机
instructing 指令，说明
flame cutting burner 火焰切割机
polynomial form 多项式形式
offset table 型值表
format 格式
graphical communication 图像联系（通信）
perception 感知
production scheduling 生产计划进展（表）
inventory control 库存量控制
data processing 数据处理
automatic decision making 自动决策
navigation 航行
infancy 初期，幼年时期
impact 影响，效果
intensity 强烈性
Additional Terms and Expressions
microcomputer 微型计算机
microprocessor 微处理机
software 软件
（magnetic） drum 磁鼓
disc (disk) 磁盘
terminal 终端
instructing 指令
data bank/base 数据库
teletypewriter 电传打字机
line printer 行式打印机
card reader 卡片输入机
card puncher 卡片穿孔机
input/output device 输入/输出设备
plotter 绘图仪
light-pen-graphic display 光笔图形显示器
optimized design of ship 船舶优化设计
computer aided design (CAD) 计算机辅助设计
Integrated Manufactured System (IMS) 综合生产系统
computer system evaluation 计算机过程控制
computer system evaluation 计算机系统评价
shipyard management system 船厂管理系统
N.C,flame cutting machine 数控切割机
N.C,pipe bender 数控弯管机
N.C,drafting machine 数控绘图机
N.C,template processing machine 数控样板机
man-machine system 人机系统
flow chart 程序框图
data processing system 数据处理系统
Notes to the Text
Those who have attained some familiarity with computer operation and application have subsequently learned that they must continually keep abreast of developments or rapidly fall behind,not only in regard to programming skills but even with respect to the terminology.
who have attained…and application 定语从句，修饰主语those.
that they must 至句末，为learned 的宾语从句。其中or为连接词，作“否则（要不然）”，解释，not only…but (even为强调)连接的两个介词短语都修饰developments.
cannot help but affect 为美国的用法，相当于英国的cannot help affecting,“不得不”解释。
…and is in essentially the terms which one engineer would use in instructing another,
in (essentially) the terms 介词短语作表语。
which one… another定语从句，which代表the terms,在从句中作use的宾语。
That they will become so seems certain,and that similar special systems for use particularly by naval architects will be developed also seems equally certain,
That seems certain,and that also seems equally certain 这两个并列句为全句的主要句子。
That they will become so (so 代表familiar with programs of this type ) 和 that similar special systems… will be developed 两者均为that 引出的主语从句。
…it is certain that there will evolve a much closer correlation between the format of what is considered a completely finished ship design and the material the shipyard actually needs to construct the ship,…
that there will evolve a much closer correlation between the format…and the material…为主语从句，具体化引导词it，此从句内部又包含了两个从句
（of）what is considered a completely finished ship design 为介词（of）的宾语从句。
（the material）the shipyard actually needs to cons-
