Lesson Thirteen
Shipyard,Organization,Layout
The Shipyard
The wooden ship was constructed on a building berth,around which timbers ad planking were cut and shaped,and then fitted together on the berth to form the hull,A similar practice was followed with iron vessels and,later,with the earlier was followed with the earlier steel ships,as these tended to be replicas of wooden hulls,Gradually iron came to be used more effectively in its own right,rather than as a substitute for timber.1The berth or slipway from which the vessel is launched is an assembly area,rather than a ship construction site,In many shipyards the number of launching berths has been reduced to increase the ground area available for prefabrication sheds,Greater ease of fabrication means that,despite the reduction in the number of berths,more ships can be built and construction costs lowered.
Organization
A shipbuilder undertakes to deliver to the client by a certain date and for stated sum a vessel with specific dimensions,capabilities,and qualities,a vessel that has been tested on trial and is ready for service,2The function of a shipyard is the production of completed ships in accordance with the shipbuilder’s under- takings,The raw materials for construction and finished items to be installed on board are delivered there,The labour force in the yard Consists Of various workmen---steelworkers,welders,shipwrights,blacksmiths,joiners,plumbers,turners,engine fitters,electricians,riggers,and painters.
Management is headed by a chairman and a board of directors,consisting usually of about 6 to 12 members from the technical,commercial,and secretarial departments,with one or more representing outside interests,The chief department are the design,drawing,and estimating offices,planning and production control,the shipyard department—responsible for construction up to launching---and the outside finishing department,which is responsible for all work on board after launching,Other departments are responsible for buying and storekeeping and the yard maintenance.
The construction of the hull is only one of a shipbuilder’s responsibilities,As soon as a contract is placed,he must be negotiate with subcontractors for the supply of items that shipyards do not produce—the electric power plant,propulsion machinery,shafting and propellers,engine-room auxiliaries,deck machinery,anchors,cables,and furniture and furnishings,Production planning and control is therefore a complex undertaking,covering subcontracts,assembly,and installation,in which costs must be kept as low as possible.
Layout
In the early 1970s,shipyard practice was to have few building berths and extensive areas around them for the construction of large components of the steel hull,Building berths slope downward toward the waterway,to facilitate launching,Building basin,or dry docks,are sometimes used for the construction of very large vessels,because it is convenient to lower,rather than to lift,large assemblies,and this method also eliminate problems associated with launching,Extensive water frontage for the building berths is unnecessary,The main requirement is a site of considerable depth,rather than width,with a large area extending inland from the berths,Steel plates and sections are delivered to the ship yard at the end of the area farthest from the berths,There they are stored in a stockyard and removed,as needed for cleaning,straightening,shaping,and cutting,Separate streams of plates and rolled sections converge toward the prefabrication shop,where they are used to build structural components or subassemblies,The subassemblies are transported to an area nearer the berths,where they are welded together to form large prefabricated units,which are then carried by cranes to the berth,to be welded into position on ship.
In practice there are many variations in this general procedure,At the Gotaverken Shipyard at Arendal,Norway,for example,partly fitted-out sections of the ship are fabricated in sheds and welded to sections already completed,As the vessel becomes built up with component sections,it is moved out of the covered area into a building dock and further sections are attached until the ship is complete,Water is then admitted to the dock and the ship is floated out for completion in the fitting-out basin,An example of an outstanding shipbuilding facility is the Harland and Wolff building dock in Belfast,Northern Ireland,completed in 1970,then the largest of its kind in the world,1,825 feet (556 meters) long,305 feet (93 meters) deep,It is large enough for the construction of a 1,000,000-ton deadweight tanker,The dock is spanned by a traveling cranecapable of lifting prefabricated structures of 840 tons maximum weight.
(From,Encyclopedia Britannica”,Vol,16.1980)
Technical Terms
shipyard 造船厂
berth 船台，泊（铺）位
timber 木材
planking 木船壳体
replica 复制品
substitute 代用品
slipway 船台，滑道
assembly 装备，组合
site 场所
prefabrication shed 预装配工棚
client 买主，客户
shipbuilder 造船工人，造船厂商
undertaking 任务，承担
steelworker 钢材工
welder 焊工
shipwright 船体木工
blacksmith 锻工，铁工
joiner 细木工
plumber 管子工
turner 车工
engine fitter 轮机工
rigger 索具工，舾装工
management 管理部门
a board of direction 董事会
commercial department 经销部门
secretarial department 秘书部门
launching 下水，发射
storekeeping 库存
responsibility 责任
contract 合同
subcontract 外协（子）合同
auxiliary 副机
deck machinery 甲板机械
anchor 锚
cable 锚链
furniture 家具
furnishings 陈饰，装饰
layout 布置（局）
building basin 造船坞
dry dock 干船坞
large assembly 大型分段
water frontage 水域岸线
sections 型材
stockyard 堆场
straightening 校平（直）
stream （生产）流水线
converge 集中，汇总
fitting out basin 舾装码头
Additional Terms and Expression
pretreatment 预处理
blast cleaning 喷射清理
shopprimer 车间底漆
plate hall 加工车间
fabrication （钢材）加工
edge preparation 边缘加工
forming,shaping 成形加工
panel line 平面分段流水线
assembling and welding hall 装焊车间
fabrication platform 加工平台
pipe shop 管子车间
outfitting shop 舾装车间
buffer areas 中间堆场
inclined building berth 倾斜船台
building dock 造船坞
caisson 坞门
repairing dock 修船坞
canalled dock 运河式船坞
shipyard facilities 船厂设备
overhead traveling crane 行车
goliath crane 巨型门吊
shipyard operation 船厂经营
cash flow 现金周转
Notes to the Text
Gradually iron came to be used more effectively in its own right,rather than as a substitute for timber.
in its own right 凭它本身的质量
rather than 作连词用，可译成“而不是”被连接的两部分应是同类型的词或成分。
A shipbuilder undertakes to deliver to the client by a certain date and for a stated sum a vessel with specific dimensions,capabilities,a vessel that has been tested on trial and is ready for service.
to deliver 作undertake的宾语，而它本身又带有两个宾语；a vessel with …和a vessel that…;
由于to deliver 的宾语成分较长，所以将其状语成分to the client by a certain date and for a stated sum提前。
——responsible for construction up to launching——为插入语，两个破折号有括号的作用，中间为解释说明部分。
另外，破折号也常引出举例说明部分，如：
Many such diagrams——ladder and other types——go toward making up the complete aggregate operation of building a ship.(见第十四课)
as needed,为省略句,本身是状语从句，修饰句中第二个谓语动词removed.亦见第九课注3。
The subassemblies are transported to an area nearer the berths,where they are welded together to form large prefabricated units,which are then carried by cranes to the berth,to be welded into position on the ship.
这是一句复杂句。
where they are welded…为非限制性定语从句，修饰主句中的berth;
which are the carried… 也是非限制性定语从句，修饰where从句中的unites;
to be welded…动词不定式（被动态）作定语用，也修饰unites,而被which从句隔开。
Shipyard,Organization,Layout
The Shipyard
The wooden ship was constructed on a building berth,around which timbers ad planking were cut and shaped,and then fitted together on the berth to form the hull,A similar practice was followed with iron vessels and,later,with the earlier was followed with the earlier steel ships,as these tended to be replicas of wooden hulls,Gradually iron came to be used more effectively in its own right,rather than as a substitute for timber.1The berth or slipway from which the vessel is launched is an assembly area,rather than a ship construction site,In many shipyards the number of launching berths has been reduced to increase the ground area available for prefabrication sheds,Greater ease of fabrication means that,despite the reduction in the number of berths,more ships can be built and construction costs lowered.
Organization
A shipbuilder undertakes to deliver to the client by a certain date and for stated sum a vessel with specific dimensions,capabilities,and qualities,a vessel that has been tested on trial and is ready for service,2The function of a shipyard is the production of completed ships in accordance with the shipbuilder’s under- takings,The raw materials for construction and finished items to be installed on board are delivered there,The labour force in the yard Consists Of various workmen---steelworkers,welders,shipwrights,blacksmiths,joiners,plumbers,turners,engine fitters,electricians,riggers,and painters.
Management is headed by a chairman and a board of directors,consisting usually of about 6 to 12 members from the technical,commercial,and secretarial departments,with one or more representing outside interests,The chief department are the design,drawing,and estimating offices,planning and production control,the shipyard department—responsible for construction up to launching---and the outside finishing department,which is responsible for all work on board after launching,Other departments are responsible for buying and storekeeping and the yard maintenance.
The construction of the hull is only one of a shipbuilder’s responsibilities,As soon as a contract is placed,he must be negotiate with subcontractors for the supply of items that shipyards do not produce—the electric power plant,propulsion machinery,shafting and propellers,engine-room auxiliaries,deck machinery,anchors,cables,and furniture and furnishings,Production planning and control is therefore a complex undertaking,covering subcontracts,assembly,and installation,in which costs must be kept as low as possible.
Layout
In the early 1970s,shipyard practice was to have few building berths and extensive areas around them for the construction of large components of the steel hull,Building berths slope downward toward the waterway,to facilitate launching,Building basin,or dry docks,are sometimes used for the construction of very large vessels,because it is convenient to lower,rather than to lift,large assemblies,and this method also eliminate problems associated with launching,Extensive water frontage for the building berths is unnecessary,The main requirement is a site of considerable depth,rather than width,with a large area extending inland from the berths,Steel plates and sections are delivered to the ship yard at the end of the area farthest from the berths,There they are stored in a stockyard and removed,as needed for cleaning,straightening,shaping,and cutting,Separate streams of plates and rolled sections converge toward the prefabrication shop,where they are used to build structural components or subassemblies,The subassemblies are transported to an area nearer the berths,where they are welded together to form large prefabricated units,which are then carried by cranes to the berth,to be welded into position on ship.
In practice there are many variations in this general procedure,At the Gotaverken Shipyard at Arendal,Norway,for example,partly fitted-out sections of the ship are fabricated in sheds and welded to sections already completed,As the vessel becomes built up with component sections,it is moved out of the covered area into a building dock and further sections are attached until the ship is complete,Water is then admitted to the dock and the ship is floated out for completion in the fitting-out basin,An example of an outstanding shipbuilding facility is the Harland and Wolff building dock in Belfast,Northern Ireland,completed in 1970,then the largest of its kind in the world,1,825 feet (556 meters) long,305 feet (93 meters) deep,It is large enough for the construction of a 1,000,000-ton deadweight tanker,The dock is spanned by a traveling cranecapable of lifting prefabricated structures of 840 tons maximum weight.
(From,Encyclopedia Britannica”,Vol,16.1980)
Technical Terms
shipyard 造船厂
berth 船台，泊（铺）位
timber 木材
planking 木船壳体
replica 复制品
substitute 代用品
slipway 船台，滑道
assembly 装备，组合
site 场所
prefabrication shed 预装配工棚
client 买主，客户
shipbuilder 造船工人，造船厂商
undertaking 任务，承担
steelworker 钢材工
welder 焊工
shipwright 船体木工
blacksmith 锻工，铁工
joiner 细木工
plumber 管子工
turner 车工
engine fitter 轮机工
rigger 索具工，舾装工
management 管理部门
a board of direction 董事会
commercial department 经销部门
secretarial department 秘书部门
launching 下水，发射
storekeeping 库存
responsibility 责任
contract 合同
subcontract 外协（子）合同
auxiliary 副机
deck machinery 甲板机械
anchor 锚
cable 锚链
furniture 家具
furnishings 陈饰，装饰
layout 布置（局）
building basin 造船坞
dry dock 干船坞
large assembly 大型分段
water frontage 水域岸线
sections 型材
stockyard 堆场
straightening 校平（直）
stream （生产）流水线
converge 集中，汇总
fitting out basin 舾装码头
Additional Terms and Expression
pretreatment 预处理
blast cleaning 喷射清理
shopprimer 车间底漆
plate hall 加工车间
fabrication （钢材）加工
edge preparation 边缘加工
forming,shaping 成形加工
panel line 平面分段流水线
assembling and welding hall 装焊车间
fabrication platform 加工平台
pipe shop 管子车间
outfitting shop 舾装车间
buffer areas 中间堆场
inclined building berth 倾斜船台
building dock 造船坞
caisson 坞门
repairing dock 修船坞
canalled dock 运河式船坞
shipyard facilities 船厂设备
overhead traveling crane 行车
goliath crane 巨型门吊
shipyard operation 船厂经营
cash flow 现金周转
Notes to the Text
Gradually iron came to be used more effectively in its own right,rather than as a substitute for timber.
in its own right 凭它本身的质量
rather than 作连词用，可译成“而不是”被连接的两部分应是同类型的词或成分。
A shipbuilder undertakes to deliver to the client by a certain date and for a stated sum a vessel with specific dimensions,capabilities,a vessel that has been tested on trial and is ready for service.
to deliver 作undertake的宾语，而它本身又带有两个宾语；a vessel with …和a vessel that…;
由于to deliver 的宾语成分较长，所以将其状语成分to the client by a certain date and for a stated sum提前。
——responsible for construction up to launching——为插入语，两个破折号有括号的作用，中间为解释说明部分。
另外，破折号也常引出举例说明部分，如：
Many such diagrams——ladder and other types——go toward making up the complete aggregate operation of building a ship.(见第十四课)
as needed,为省略句,本身是状语从句，修饰句中第二个谓语动词removed.亦见第九课注3。
The subassemblies are transported to an area nearer the berths,where they are welded together to form large prefabricated units,which are then carried by cranes to the berth,to be welded into position on the ship.
这是一句复杂句。
where they are welded…为非限制性定语从句，修饰主句中的berth;
which are the carried… 也是非限制性定语从句，修饰where从句中的unites;
to be welded…动词不定式（被动态）作定语用，也修饰unites,而被which从句隔开。
