2009-7-27 P,1
Unit 19
Microform Technology
Chapter Five
&Part4 Extensive Reading@ Part 1 Notes to Text
@Part5 Notes to Passage& Part 2 Word Study
@Part3 Practice on Text @Part6 Practice on Passage
Chapter Study Tasks（ 5）
In this chapter,you will be able to
— Get the general idea of microform technology
— Identify the uses of Microforms
— Get the general ideas of the texts and extensive readings
— Complete all the practice required
2009-7-27 P,2
@ Part 1 Notes to Text
1)Microforms are processed films that carry images of
documents to users for transmission,storage,reading and
printing,缩微胶片其实就是经过处理的胶卷，这些胶卷上载有文档的影像资料，供使用者传送、存储、阅读及打印。
注释,that引导的是一个定语从句,修饰 films，同时又是从句中的主语； to users是 carry的间接宾语 ；介词短语 for,..作目的状语。
2)Systems that mount microfilm images in punch cards have
been widely used for archival storage of engineering
information,穿孔卡片上装有缩微影像的系统在工程信息的档案存储领域得到了广泛使用。
注释,定语从句 that mount microfilm images in punch cards修饰句子主语 systems;动词 mount 意为“安装，放置”；此外，
punch card，（ Hollerith card or IBM card） 译为 穿孔卡,又称霍列瑞斯式穿孔。 是 利用凿孔把字母信息在卡片上编码的一种方式。
是早期计算机的信息输入设备，通常可以储存 80列数据。首次使用穿孔卡技术的数据处理机器，是美国统计专家 赫曼 ·霍列瑞斯
（ H.Hollerith）博士的伟大发明。因此，也常以他的名字来命名，
见下文中的 Hollerith-mounted。
Uses of Microforms
2009-7-27 P,3
3) Using a microphotography unit evacuated from Paris before
the siege,clerks in Tours photograped paper dispatches and
compressed them to microfilm,which were carried by homing
pigeons into Paris and projected by magic lantern while clerks
copied the dispatches onto paper,图尔市的工作人员，使用围困前从巴黎撤出来的微型相机对纸质公文进行拍照，并压缩成缩微胶片，
再由信鸽传送至巴黎，然后将内容用幻灯机投映出来。工作人员则一边将公文内容抄写在纸张上。
注释,现在分词短语 using … 作方式状语；过去分词短语 evacuated
from… 则是后置定语，修饰名词 a microphotography unit ；
which… 引出非限定性定语从句，修饰 microfilm； while是一个等立连词，连接的是并列结构的一个分句。注意,Tours 法国一城市。
magic lantern 或 Lanterna Magica都称为早期的幻灯机,slide
projector是指现代的幻灯机。
2009-7-27 P,4 End
4) Microfilming was a space-saving measure; once items
were put onto film,they could be removed from circulation
and additional shelf space would be made available for
rapidly expanding collections,缩微技术是一种空间节省方法，
实物一旦被拍摄成胶片，即可退出流通；这样便能为快速扩展的藏书获得额外的货架空间。
注释,,once” 引出条件状语从句。,removed something
from,译为“去掉”“从 … 开除”
2009-7-27 P,5 End
1,microform n,缩微 (技术 ) 11,siege n,围攻；包围
2,positive n,正片 12,provincial adj,省的；州的
3,negative n,负片 13,dispatch n,急件,快信,
4,microfilm n,缩影胶卷（片） 14,microphotography n,缩微照（术）
5,microfiche n,单片缩影胶片 15,evacuate v,撤退，撤出
6,index v,索引，指出 16,project v,放映，投映
7,punch v,冲孔，打孔 17,lantern n,幻灯，灯笼
8,vellum n,精制皮纸；牛皮纸 18,circulation n,发行；流通
9,military n,军事的，军用的 19,preservation n,保存
10,maintenance n,维护，维修 20,deem v,认为，相信
& Part 2 Word Study
2009-7-27 P,6
Task 1,Listening training
Dictation of some key words
Directions,You will hear some key words twice,most of which are taken from
the Word Study,Then finish the Crossword Puzzle,(See you book p,)
2,Dictation of some key expressions
Directions,You will hear some key expressions twice,most of which are
taken from this text,Then you are asked to complete the missing words.
@Part3 Practice on Text
1) microform__________
2) original____________
3) a dark_____________
4) _____________equipment
5) the provincial______________
6) a space-saving_____________
images
document
background
purchased
government
measure
2009-7-27 P,7
Read and Reply
Directions:Students are required to read aloud the whole text after
the teacher,Then give short answers to the following questions:
Task 2,Read,Write and Translate
Microform is a generic term for any medium of bearing
microimages,and the processed film can carry images of
documents to users for transmission,storage,reading and printing.
The use of microforms (including microfilm and microfiche)
are widely used in library for library management and
information retrieval and in military affairs for archival
storage of engineering information and so on.
Microfilming was a space-saving measure with many
advantages ; once items were put onto film to be stored
conveniently,the additional shelf space would be made
available for rapidly expanding collections.
c) Why had microfilming become standard policy in libraries
as a means of reformatting books and newspapers?
a) What is Microform?
b) What are the uses of Microforms?
2009-7-27 P,8
( )1) There are two formats of microforms－ microfiche and
microfilm,which are hardly regarded as typical formats.
( )2) According to the passage,Punch cards with Hollerith
information are probably the easiest way to get information
since image data can be extracted from the card itself,
( )3) The disadvantage of microform is that the image is too
small to read with the naked eyes,Libraries must use special
readers that project full-size images on a screen,
( ) 4) Nowadays,microforms are only used in library and
military affairs.
( )5) Microfilm,used for storing written information in print of
very small size,was a good way to keep paper documents out
of decay,
Read and Judge
End
T
T
T
F
T
2009-7-27 P,9
Directions:Read the following short passage,Complete it by filling in the missing words.
A,scanners B,digital C,type D,where E,paramount.
F,small G,projects H,image I,microform J,dissimilar
Another 1)_____ of conversion is microform to digital,This is
done using an optical scanner that 2)______ the film onto a CCD
array and captures it in a raw 3)_____ format,Since the different
types of microform are 4)______ in shape and size,the 5) _______
are usually able to handle only one type,However,there are some
that have the possibility of swapping modules for the different
6)________ types,Software (normally on the scanner itself) is then
used to convert the raw capture into a standard 7) _____ format such
as tiff or jpeg,Normally,bitonal tiff's are used 8) _____ file size must
be kept as 9) _____ as possible,and grayscale jpeg's where image
quality and readability is 10) _________.
Read and Complete
End
C
G
B
J A
I
H
D
F
E
2009-7-27 P,10
1)这家银行承诺要提供最好的服务给客户。（ provide）
2) 一有货我们就会给你邮一本去。（ available）
3) 在金戒指上镶宝石的技术被广泛的使用开来。（ mount）
4)影像被投射到眼睛的视网膜 (retina)上。（ project sth on/onto sth）
5) 三个孩子因持续行为不检被学校开除。（ be removed from）
Read and Translate
Directions:Put the following sentences into English,using the words or phrases given.
End
The bank has a commitment to provide the best possible
service to customers.
We’ ll post you a copy as soon as it becomes available.
The technique that mounts a gem in a gold ring has been
widely used.
Images are projected onto the retinas of the eyes.
Three children were removed from the school for
persistent bad behavious.
2009-7-27 P,11
Data Capture
Data capture— entering information into the system— consumes
much of the time of GIS practitioners(从业者 ),There are a variety of
methods used to enter data into a GIS where it is stored in a
digital format.
Existing data printed on paper or PET film maps can be digitized
(使数字化 )or scanned to produce digital data,A digitizer produces
vector(矢量 )data as an operator traces points,lines,and polygon
(多边形 )boundaries from a map,Scanning a map results in raster
data that could be further processed to produce vector data.
Survey data can be directly entered into a GIS from digital data
collection systems on survey instruments,Positions from a
Global Positioning System (GPS),another survey tool,can also
be directly entered into a GIS.
&Part4 Extensive Reading
2009-7-27 P,12
Remotely sensed data also plays an important role in data
collection and consist of sensors attached to a platform,
Sensors include cameras,digital scanners and lidar(激光雷达 ),
while platforms usually consist of aircraft and satellites.
The majority of digital data currently comes from photo
interpretation(分析 )of aerial photographs,Soft copy
workstations are used to digitize features directly from stereo
pairs of digital photographs,These systems allow data to be
captured in 2 and 3 dimensions,with elevations measured
directly from a stereo pair using principles of
photogrammetry,Currently,analog aerial photos are scanned
before being entered into a soft copy system,but as high
quality digital cameras become cheaper,this step will be
skipped.
2009-7-27 P,13
Satellite remote sensing provides another important
source of spatial data(空间数据 ),Here satellites use different
sensor packages to passively measure the reflectance(反射比 _from parts of the electromagnetic spectrum(频谱 )or radio
waves that were sent out from an active sensor such as
radar,Remote sensing collects raster data that can be
further processed to identify objects and classes of
interest,such as land cover.
When data is captured,the user should consider if the
data should be captured with either a relative accuracy or
absolute accuracy,since this could not only influence how
information will be interpreted but also the cost of data
capture.
2009-7-27 P,14
In addition to collecting and entering spatial data,attribute(属性 )data is also entered into a GIS,For vector data,this
includes additional information about the objects represented
in the system.
After entering data into a GIS,the data usually requires
editing,to remove errors,or further processing,For vector
data it must be made "topologically(拓扑性地 )correct" before it
can be used for some advanced analysis,For example,in a
road network,lines must connect with nodes at an
intersection(交点；交集处 ),Errors such as undershoots(下冲 )and
overshoots(过冲 )must also be removed,For scanned maps,
blemishes(瑕疵；污点 )on the source map may need to be
removed from the resulting raster,For example,a fleck of dirt
might connect two lines that should not be connected.
End
2009-7-27 P,15
@Part5 Notes to Passage
1） There are a variety of methods used to enter data into a GIS
where it is stored in a digital format,目前有多种方法可将数据输入到 GIS系统中。在 GIS中，数据都是以数字形式储存的。
注释,过去分词 used是后置定语,修饰 a variety of methods；
where是关系副词,引导定语从句,在从句中作地点状语 ； 介词短语 in a digital format则为方式状语，修饰动词 store。注意,GIS
=Geographic Information System (地理信息系统 )。基于计算机的概念,它是一组用来采集、存储、查询、变换和显示空间数据的工具的集合。它可以对在地球上存在的东西和发生的事件进行成图和分析。下文的 GPS（ a Global Positioning System)则是 全球定位系统。是由 24颗人造卫星和地面站组成的全球无线导航与定位系统。
2009-7-27 P,16
2） These systems allow data to be captured in 2 and 3
dimensions,with elevations measured directly from a stereo
pair using principles of photogrammetry,此系统可以使数据以二维和三维的方式获取，即可得出用照相测量法原理直接从立体双图所测绘的高度。
注释,介词短语 with elevations measured directly from… 是 with
﹢ n,﹢ ved 结构，此处用作伴随状语。
3） Currently,analog aerial photos are scanned before being
entered into a soft copy system,but as high quality digital
cameras become cheaper,this step will be skipped,
目前模拟空中图像是在输入软拷贝系统之前扫描的。然而，随着高质量的数码摄像机的价格越来越低廉，扫描这一步也将被省略。
注释,介词短语 before being entered into a soft copy system 是时间状语；注意后面的动名词短语采用的是被动形式。 as 是连词，
引出时间状语从句，译为“随着”。 skip原意是“跳过、遗漏”的意思，这里译为“省略”。
2009-7-27 P,17 End
4） When data is captured,the user should consider if the data
should be captured with either a relative accuracy or absolute
accuracy,since this could not only influence how information
will be interpreted but also the cost of data capture,捕获数据时，用户应考虑数据是按相对精度还是按绝对精度来捕获。这是因为这种选择不但会影响到解释信息的方式，还会影响到捕获数据的成本。
注释,这是一个复杂句。 when引导时间状语从句；主句中,if引导的是宾语从句； since是连词，引导原因状语从句；在此从句中，还有一个 how引导的宾语从句。
2009-7-27 P,18
1.Listening Challenge
Spot Dictation
Directions,The following passage will be heard 3 times,During the second time,you
are required to put the missing words or phrases in the numbered blanks according to
what you hear,The third time is for you to check your answers,Now the passage
begins.
The 1) ________ developments have enabled directly digitising the contents of
microforms proving the possibility of integrating microforms with 2) ________
environment,This possibility together with ideal suitability of microfilm medium for
the purpose of archiving is likely to 3) ________ new economic and efficient ways
of information storage,retrieval,access and reproduction as and when 4)
_________,Microforms are unnecessarily being criticised as 5) _______ used
material in libraries,The real fact is that this medium has been deliberately
chosen for 6) ________ less frequently required material,It is also 7)_________
that some people compare the marginal quantitative use of user specific
technical reports with that of books or journals and raise an unwarranted question
on the need for technical reports,8) ________________,these marginally used
special natured technical reports are naturally produced world 9) ________ and
bought in microfiche in order to 10) ________ enormous saving in acquisition
expenditure and storage space,
@Part6 Practice on Passage
End
latest
digital
create
required less
storing surprising
unfortunately
over
achieve
2009-7-27 P,19
End of this Unit
Unit 19
Microform Technology
Chapter Five
&Part4 Extensive Reading@ Part 1 Notes to Text
@Part5 Notes to Passage& Part 2 Word Study
@Part3 Practice on Text @Part6 Practice on Passage
Chapter Study Tasks（ 5）
In this chapter,you will be able to
— Get the general idea of microform technology
— Identify the uses of Microforms
— Get the general ideas of the texts and extensive readings
— Complete all the practice required
2009-7-27 P,2
@ Part 1 Notes to Text
1)Microforms are processed films that carry images of
documents to users for transmission,storage,reading and
printing,缩微胶片其实就是经过处理的胶卷，这些胶卷上载有文档的影像资料，供使用者传送、存储、阅读及打印。
注释,that引导的是一个定语从句,修饰 films，同时又是从句中的主语； to users是 carry的间接宾语 ；介词短语 for,..作目的状语。
2)Systems that mount microfilm images in punch cards have
been widely used for archival storage of engineering
information,穿孔卡片上装有缩微影像的系统在工程信息的档案存储领域得到了广泛使用。
注释,定语从句 that mount microfilm images in punch cards修饰句子主语 systems;动词 mount 意为“安装，放置”；此外，
punch card，（ Hollerith card or IBM card） 译为 穿孔卡,又称霍列瑞斯式穿孔。 是 利用凿孔把字母信息在卡片上编码的一种方式。
是早期计算机的信息输入设备，通常可以储存 80列数据。首次使用穿孔卡技术的数据处理机器，是美国统计专家 赫曼 ·霍列瑞斯
（ H.Hollerith）博士的伟大发明。因此，也常以他的名字来命名，
见下文中的 Hollerith-mounted。
Uses of Microforms
2009-7-27 P,3
3) Using a microphotography unit evacuated from Paris before
the siege,clerks in Tours photograped paper dispatches and
compressed them to microfilm,which were carried by homing
pigeons into Paris and projected by magic lantern while clerks
copied the dispatches onto paper,图尔市的工作人员，使用围困前从巴黎撤出来的微型相机对纸质公文进行拍照，并压缩成缩微胶片，
再由信鸽传送至巴黎，然后将内容用幻灯机投映出来。工作人员则一边将公文内容抄写在纸张上。
注释,现在分词短语 using … 作方式状语；过去分词短语 evacuated
from… 则是后置定语，修饰名词 a microphotography unit ；
which… 引出非限定性定语从句，修饰 microfilm； while是一个等立连词，连接的是并列结构的一个分句。注意,Tours 法国一城市。
magic lantern 或 Lanterna Magica都称为早期的幻灯机,slide
projector是指现代的幻灯机。
2009-7-27 P,4 End
4) Microfilming was a space-saving measure; once items
were put onto film,they could be removed from circulation
and additional shelf space would be made available for
rapidly expanding collections,缩微技术是一种空间节省方法，
实物一旦被拍摄成胶片，即可退出流通；这样便能为快速扩展的藏书获得额外的货架空间。
注释,,once” 引出条件状语从句。,removed something
from,译为“去掉”“从 … 开除”
2009-7-27 P,5 End
1,microform n,缩微 (技术 ) 11,siege n,围攻；包围
2,positive n,正片 12,provincial adj,省的；州的
3,negative n,负片 13,dispatch n,急件,快信,
4,microfilm n,缩影胶卷（片） 14,microphotography n,缩微照（术）
5,microfiche n,单片缩影胶片 15,evacuate v,撤退，撤出
6,index v,索引，指出 16,project v,放映，投映
7,punch v,冲孔，打孔 17,lantern n,幻灯，灯笼
8,vellum n,精制皮纸；牛皮纸 18,circulation n,发行；流通
9,military n,军事的，军用的 19,preservation n,保存
10,maintenance n,维护，维修 20,deem v,认为，相信
& Part 2 Word Study
2009-7-27 P,6
Task 1,Listening training
Dictation of some key words
Directions,You will hear some key words twice,most of which are taken from
the Word Study,Then finish the Crossword Puzzle,(See you book p,)
2,Dictation of some key expressions
Directions,You will hear some key expressions twice,most of which are
taken from this text,Then you are asked to complete the missing words.
@Part3 Practice on Text
1) microform__________
2) original____________
3) a dark_____________
4) _____________equipment
5) the provincial______________
6) a space-saving_____________
images
document
background
purchased
government
measure
2009-7-27 P,7
Read and Reply
Directions:Students are required to read aloud the whole text after
the teacher,Then give short answers to the following questions:
Task 2,Read,Write and Translate
Microform is a generic term for any medium of bearing
microimages,and the processed film can carry images of
documents to users for transmission,storage,reading and printing.
The use of microforms (including microfilm and microfiche)
are widely used in library for library management and
information retrieval and in military affairs for archival
storage of engineering information and so on.
Microfilming was a space-saving measure with many
advantages ; once items were put onto film to be stored
conveniently,the additional shelf space would be made
available for rapidly expanding collections.
c) Why had microfilming become standard policy in libraries
as a means of reformatting books and newspapers?
a) What is Microform?
b) What are the uses of Microforms?
2009-7-27 P,8
( )1) There are two formats of microforms－ microfiche and
microfilm,which are hardly regarded as typical formats.
( )2) According to the passage,Punch cards with Hollerith
information are probably the easiest way to get information
since image data can be extracted from the card itself,
( )3) The disadvantage of microform is that the image is too
small to read with the naked eyes,Libraries must use special
readers that project full-size images on a screen,
( ) 4) Nowadays,microforms are only used in library and
military affairs.
( )5) Microfilm,used for storing written information in print of
very small size,was a good way to keep paper documents out
of decay,
Read and Judge
End
T
T
T
F
T
2009-7-27 P,9
Directions:Read the following short passage,Complete it by filling in the missing words.
A,scanners B,digital C,type D,where E,paramount.
F,small G,projects H,image I,microform J,dissimilar
Another 1)_____ of conversion is microform to digital,This is
done using an optical scanner that 2)______ the film onto a CCD
array and captures it in a raw 3)_____ format,Since the different
types of microform are 4)______ in shape and size,the 5) _______
are usually able to handle only one type,However,there are some
that have the possibility of swapping modules for the different
6)________ types,Software (normally on the scanner itself) is then
used to convert the raw capture into a standard 7) _____ format such
as tiff or jpeg,Normally,bitonal tiff's are used 8) _____ file size must
be kept as 9) _____ as possible,and grayscale jpeg's where image
quality and readability is 10) _________.
Read and Complete
End
C
G
B
J A
I
H
D
F
E
2009-7-27 P,10
1)这家银行承诺要提供最好的服务给客户。（ provide）
2) 一有货我们就会给你邮一本去。（ available）
3) 在金戒指上镶宝石的技术被广泛的使用开来。（ mount）
4)影像被投射到眼睛的视网膜 (retina)上。（ project sth on/onto sth）
5) 三个孩子因持续行为不检被学校开除。（ be removed from）
Read and Translate
Directions:Put the following sentences into English,using the words or phrases given.
End
The bank has a commitment to provide the best possible
service to customers.
We’ ll post you a copy as soon as it becomes available.
The technique that mounts a gem in a gold ring has been
widely used.
Images are projected onto the retinas of the eyes.
Three children were removed from the school for
persistent bad behavious.
2009-7-27 P,11
Data Capture
Data capture— entering information into the system— consumes
much of the time of GIS practitioners(从业者 ),There are a variety of
methods used to enter data into a GIS where it is stored in a
digital format.
Existing data printed on paper or PET film maps can be digitized
(使数字化 )or scanned to produce digital data,A digitizer produces
vector(矢量 )data as an operator traces points,lines,and polygon
(多边形 )boundaries from a map,Scanning a map results in raster
data that could be further processed to produce vector data.
Survey data can be directly entered into a GIS from digital data
collection systems on survey instruments,Positions from a
Global Positioning System (GPS),another survey tool,can also
be directly entered into a GIS.
&Part4 Extensive Reading
2009-7-27 P,12
Remotely sensed data also plays an important role in data
collection and consist of sensors attached to a platform,
Sensors include cameras,digital scanners and lidar(激光雷达 ),
while platforms usually consist of aircraft and satellites.
The majority of digital data currently comes from photo
interpretation(分析 )of aerial photographs,Soft copy
workstations are used to digitize features directly from stereo
pairs of digital photographs,These systems allow data to be
captured in 2 and 3 dimensions,with elevations measured
directly from a stereo pair using principles of
photogrammetry,Currently,analog aerial photos are scanned
before being entered into a soft copy system,but as high
quality digital cameras become cheaper,this step will be
skipped.
2009-7-27 P,13
Satellite remote sensing provides another important
source of spatial data(空间数据 ),Here satellites use different
sensor packages to passively measure the reflectance(反射比 _from parts of the electromagnetic spectrum(频谱 )or radio
waves that were sent out from an active sensor such as
radar,Remote sensing collects raster data that can be
further processed to identify objects and classes of
interest,such as land cover.
When data is captured,the user should consider if the
data should be captured with either a relative accuracy or
absolute accuracy,since this could not only influence how
information will be interpreted but also the cost of data
capture.
2009-7-27 P,14
In addition to collecting and entering spatial data,attribute(属性 )data is also entered into a GIS,For vector data,this
includes additional information about the objects represented
in the system.
After entering data into a GIS,the data usually requires
editing,to remove errors,or further processing,For vector
data it must be made "topologically(拓扑性地 )correct" before it
can be used for some advanced analysis,For example,in a
road network,lines must connect with nodes at an
intersection(交点；交集处 ),Errors such as undershoots(下冲 )and
overshoots(过冲 )must also be removed,For scanned maps,
blemishes(瑕疵；污点 )on the source map may need to be
removed from the resulting raster,For example,a fleck of dirt
might connect two lines that should not be connected.
End
2009-7-27 P,15
@Part5 Notes to Passage
1） There are a variety of methods used to enter data into a GIS
where it is stored in a digital format,目前有多种方法可将数据输入到 GIS系统中。在 GIS中，数据都是以数字形式储存的。
注释,过去分词 used是后置定语,修饰 a variety of methods；
where是关系副词,引导定语从句,在从句中作地点状语 ； 介词短语 in a digital format则为方式状语，修饰动词 store。注意,GIS
=Geographic Information System (地理信息系统 )。基于计算机的概念,它是一组用来采集、存储、查询、变换和显示空间数据的工具的集合。它可以对在地球上存在的东西和发生的事件进行成图和分析。下文的 GPS（ a Global Positioning System)则是 全球定位系统。是由 24颗人造卫星和地面站组成的全球无线导航与定位系统。
2009-7-27 P,16
2） These systems allow data to be captured in 2 and 3
dimensions,with elevations measured directly from a stereo
pair using principles of photogrammetry,此系统可以使数据以二维和三维的方式获取，即可得出用照相测量法原理直接从立体双图所测绘的高度。
注释,介词短语 with elevations measured directly from… 是 with
﹢ n,﹢ ved 结构，此处用作伴随状语。
3） Currently,analog aerial photos are scanned before being
entered into a soft copy system,but as high quality digital
cameras become cheaper,this step will be skipped,
目前模拟空中图像是在输入软拷贝系统之前扫描的。然而，随着高质量的数码摄像机的价格越来越低廉，扫描这一步也将被省略。
注释,介词短语 before being entered into a soft copy system 是时间状语；注意后面的动名词短语采用的是被动形式。 as 是连词，
引出时间状语从句，译为“随着”。 skip原意是“跳过、遗漏”的意思，这里译为“省略”。
2009-7-27 P,17 End
4） When data is captured,the user should consider if the data
should be captured with either a relative accuracy or absolute
accuracy,since this could not only influence how information
will be interpreted but also the cost of data capture,捕获数据时，用户应考虑数据是按相对精度还是按绝对精度来捕获。这是因为这种选择不但会影响到解释信息的方式，还会影响到捕获数据的成本。
注释,这是一个复杂句。 when引导时间状语从句；主句中,if引导的是宾语从句； since是连词，引导原因状语从句；在此从句中，还有一个 how引导的宾语从句。
2009-7-27 P,18
1.Listening Challenge
Spot Dictation
Directions,The following passage will be heard 3 times,During the second time,you
are required to put the missing words or phrases in the numbered blanks according to
what you hear,The third time is for you to check your answers,Now the passage
begins.
The 1) ________ developments have enabled directly digitising the contents of
microforms proving the possibility of integrating microforms with 2) ________
environment,This possibility together with ideal suitability of microfilm medium for
the purpose of archiving is likely to 3) ________ new economic and efficient ways
of information storage,retrieval,access and reproduction as and when 4)
_________,Microforms are unnecessarily being criticised as 5) _______ used
material in libraries,The real fact is that this medium has been deliberately
chosen for 6) ________ less frequently required material,It is also 7)_________
that some people compare the marginal quantitative use of user specific
technical reports with that of books or journals and raise an unwarranted question
on the need for technical reports,8) ________________,these marginally used
special natured technical reports are naturally produced world 9) ________ and
bought in microfiche in order to 10) ________ enormous saving in acquisition
expenditure and storage space,
@Part6 Practice on Passage
End
latest
digital
create
required less
storing surprising
unfortunately
over
achieve
2009-7-27 P,19
End of this Unit
