2009-7-27 P,1
Unit 2
Evolution of Information Science
Chapter One
&Part4 Extensive Reading@ Part 1 Notes to Text
@Part5 Notes to Passage& Part 2 Word Study
@Part3 Practice on Text @Part6 Practice on Passage
2009-7-27 P,2
@ Part 1 Notes to Text
1) Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz 莱布尼茨简介,莱布尼茨（ 1646–1716）是德国莱比锡一个哲学教授的儿子，
德国启蒙运动中伟大的哲学家、数学家、逻辑学家、历史学家和语言学家，被称为德国以及欧洲历史上最后一个各学科的通才。
2) Information science,in studying the collection,classification,
manipulation,storage,retrieval and dissemination of
information as mentioned previously,has origins in the
common stock of human knowledge,正如前面所述，信息科学研究信息的采集、分类、处理、储存、检索和传播，它起源于共同的人类知识宝库。
注释,此处的介词短语 in studying… 是插入成分，用作状语，对主语
Information science加以补充说明。
Evolution of Information Science
2009-7-27 P,3
3) Information analysis has been carried out by scholars at
least as early as the time of the Abyssinian Empire with the
emergence of cultural depositories,what is today known as
libraries and archives.至少早在阿比西尼亚帝国时代，随着文化储存处的出现，学者就采用了信息分析，这所谓的文化储存处就是当今人人皆知的图书馆和档案馆。
注释,介词短语 with the emergence of cultural depositories是伴随状语；从句 what is today known as libraries and archives.属于插入成分，相当于同位语，对前面的 cultural depositories作补充说明。
2009-7-27 P,4
4) Benjamin Franklin本杰明 ·富兰克林简介,本杰明 ·富兰克林（ Dr,Benjamin Franklin,1706 -1790）
美国着名的政治家与科学家。他同时亦是出版商、印刷商、记者、
作家、慈善家；更是杰出的外交家及发明家。他是美国革命时重要的领导人之一，参与了多项重要文件的草拟，并曾出任美国驻法国大使，成功取得法国支持美国独立。富兰克林曾经进行多项关于电的实验，并且发明了避雷针。其他由他发明的事物包括有双焦点眼镜，蛙鞋等等。富兰克林是共济会的成员，被选为英国皇家学会院士。他亦是美国首任邮政总长（ Postmaster General）。
5) Alois Senefelder 塞纳菲尔德简介,奥国 (今捷克的布拉格 )人作曲家塞纳菲尔德 (Alois
Senefelder l771-1834) 发明石版印刷术 (Lithography)，利用水与脂肪互相反拨原理，在平面印刷方面，他被视为平版印刷术
(Planography)的鼻祖。并造木制石版印刷机。
End
2009-7-27 P,5 End
1,philosopher n,哲学家 9,discipline n,学科
2,contributions n,贡献 10,institutional adj,制度上的
3,origin n,起源 11,philosophical adj,哲学的
4,analysis n,分析 12,transaction n,学报
5,emergence n,出现 13,institutionalization n,制度化
6,depository n,收藏处；仓库 14,realm n,领域 ;范畴
7,archive n,档案馆 15,pattern v,模仿 ;效仿
8,institutionally adv,在制度上 16,lithography n,石版印刷术
& Part 2 Word Study
2009-7-27 P,6
Task 1,Listening training
Dictation of some key words
Directions,You will hear some key words twice,most of which are taken from
the Word Study,Then finish the Crossword Puzzle,(See you book p,)
2,Dictation of some key expressions
Directions,You will hear some key expressions twice,most of which are
taken from this text,Then you are asked to complete the missing words.
@Part3 Practice on Text
1) significant_______________
2) _______________of information
3) cultural_________________
4) _____________journal
5) scientific_______________
6) ____________of lithography
contributions
dissemination
depositories
medical
experiment
concept
2009-7-27 P,7
Read and Reply
Directions:Students are required to read aloud the whole text after
the teacher,Then give short answers to the following questions:
a)Who made significant contributions to what we
now call "information science?
b) What did Benjamin Franklin do in 1731?
c) When was information analysis carried out by
scholars?
Task 2,Read,Write and Translate
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz,a philosopher
The Library Company of Philadelphia,the first,public” library
At least as early as the time of the Abyssinian Empire
2009-7-27 P,8
Directions:Students are required to read through the whole text again and then
tell whether the following statements true (T) or false (F).
( )1) It was Benjamin Franklin who made great contributions to
information science,
( )2) Information science emerged in the 18th Century along with
many other social science disciplines
( ) 3) The first scientific journal,in 1665 by the Royal Society was
called ‘‘ Philosophical Transactions,’’
( )4) The first,public” library was founded by Gottfried
Wilhelm
von Leibniz.
( )5)The first medical journal was published in 1736 in London.
Read and Judge
End
T
F
T
F
F
2009-7-27 P,9
Directions:Read the following short passage,Complete it by filling in the missing words.
A.information B,held C,reach D,published E,Establishing
F,In 1860 G,return H,convinces I,to discuss J,which
In 1854 George Boole 1)___________‘‘ An Investigation into Laws
of Thought...,’’ 2)________lays the foundations for Boolean
algebra,which is later used in 3)________retrieval,4)_________a
congress is 5)________at Karlsruhe Technische Hochschule
6)________the feasibility of 7)________a systematic and rational
nomenclature for chemistry,The congress does not 8)________any
conclusive results,but several key participants 9)_______home with
Stanislao Cannizzaro's outline (1858),which ultimately
10)________them of the validity of his scheme for calculating atomic
weights,
Read and Complete
End
D
J
A F
B I
E
C
G
H
2009-7-27 P,10
1)成千上万的科学家为人类的进步和世界和平做出了巨大的贡献。
（ make contributions to）
2)通过多年的努力，她终于实现了出国留学的计划。 (carry out)
3)我们学校充当这次学术会议的东道主。 ( host )
4)那个有钱的商人在他出生的城镇创办了一家医院和一所学校。
( found )
5)这个公司已从一个分公司发展到拥有 12个分公司了。 (expand)
Read and Translate
Directions:Put the following sentences into English,using the words or phrases given.
Thousands of scientists have made great contributions to the
progress of human society and the peace of the world.
Through many years of effort,she carried out her plan
to study abroad.
The academic conference was hosted by our university.
The rich businissman founded a hospital and a school in the
town where he was born.
The business has expanded from having one office to having
twelve.
End
2009-7-27 P,11
History & Fields of Information Systems
The study of information systems,originated(开始 ) as a sub-discipline
of computer science,in an attempt to understand and rationalize (使合理化 )the management of technology within organizations,It has
matured (成熟 )into a major field of management,that is increasingly
being emphasized as an important area of research in management
studies,and is taught at all major universities and business schools
in the world,Today,Information and Information technology have
become the fifth major resource available to executives (管理者 )for
shaping an organization,alongside people,money,material and
machines,Many companies have created a position of Chief
Information Officer (CIO) that sits on the executive board with the
Chief Executive Officer (CEO),Chief Financial Officer (CFO),Chief
Operating Officer (COO) and Chief Technical Officer (CTO).The CTO
may also serve as CIO,and vice versa,it is the way of using the
information to develop the organization.
&Part4 Extensive Reading
2009-7-27 P,12
Information systems deal with the development,use and
management of an organization's IT infrastructure(基础结构 ),In
the post-industrial(工业社会后 )information age,the focus of
companies has shifted from being product oriented(以,..目的的 ),
to knowledge oriented,In a sense that market operators today,
compete on process and innovation(创新 ),rather than product.
The emphasis has shifted from the quality and quantity of
production to the production process itself,and the services
that accompany(伴随 )the production process,The biggest asset
(资产 )of companies today,is their information,represented in
people,experience,know-how,innovations (patents,
copyrights,trade secrets专利 ),And for a market operator to be
able to compete,he/she must have a strong information
infrastructure,at the heart of which,lies the information
technology infrastructure,Thus,the study of information
systems,focuses on why and how technology can be put into
best use to serve the information flow within an organization.
2009-7-27 P,13
Information Systems has a number of different areas of work:
Information Systems Strategy
Information Systems Management
Information Systems Development
End
Each of which branches (分出来 )out into a number of sub
disciplines,that overlap(覆盖 )with other science and
managerial (管理的 )disciplines such as computer science,pure
and engineering sciences,social and behavioral (行为的 )sciences,and business management.
2009-7-27 P,14
@Part5 Notes to Passage
1) It has matured into a major field of management,that is
increasingly being emphasized as an important area of
research in management studies,and is taught at all major
universities and business schools in the world,信息系统的研究，业已成熟，成为管理方面的主要研究领域，人们不断地将之作为管理研究方面的重要研究区域，而且所有的世界主要大学和商校都开设了这门课程。
注释,主语 It指上文提及的 The study of information systems
,信息系统的研究”； that引导的从句用来修饰前面的名词短语 a
major field of management，从结构上看是非限制性的。可见
that引导非限制性定语从句也是可以的。
2009-7-27 P,15
2) Many companies have created a position of Chief
Information Officer (CIO) that sits on the executive board with
the Chief Executive Officer (CEO),Chief Financial Officer
(CFO),Chief Operating Officer (COO) and Chief Technical
Officer (CTO).在许多公司设立了一个职位 CIO（首席信息经理）。
该职务属于公司执行董事会成员，与 CEO（首席行政官）,CFO
（首席财务官）,COO(首席运营官 )这一类职务相对应。
注释,一般公司最高管理层的职务分工如下：
CEO(Chief executive officer)首席执行官 类似总经理、总裁，是企业的法人代表。
COO(Chief operating officer)首席运营官 类似常务总经理
CFO(Chief financial officer)首席财务官 类似财务总经理
CTO(Chief technology officer)首席技术官 类似总工程师
CIO(Chief information officer)首席信息官 主管企业信息的收集和发布。
2009-7-27 P,16
3) In the post-industrial information age,the focus of companies
has shifted from being product oriented,to knowledge
oriented,在工业后的信息时代中，公司的重点从产品型转到了知识型。
注释,注意前缀词 post-（“在,..后”）的用法：例如：
postgraduate 毕业后的
postharvest 丰收之后
postwar 战后
4) And for a market operator to be able to compete,he/she must
have a strong information infrastructure,at the heart of which,
lies the information technology infrastructure,市场营运者要想具有竞争力，就必须具有坚实的信息基础结构，信息技术则是信息基础结构的核心部分。
注释,for a market operator to be able to compete是不定式短语，
表目的。其中 for a market operator是不定式的逻辑主语； at the
heart of which显然是属于非限制性定语从句中的状语，要提醒的是：该定语从句采用了完全倒装的形式。
End
2009-7-27 P,17
1.Listening Challenge
Spot Dictation
Directions,The following passage will be heard 3 times,During the second time,you
are required to put the missing words or phrases in the numbered blanks according to
what you hear,The third time is for you to check your answers,Now the passage
begins.
Paul Otlet is a 1)_______ of modern information science,The discipline
of European Documentation,which 2)_______the earliest theoretical
foundations of modern information science,emerged 3)_____________
of the 19th Century together with several more scientific indexes
4)_______purpose was 5)_____________scholarly literature,Most
information science historians cite Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine
6)________________of information science with the founding of the
International Institute of Bibliography in 7)____________,However,
,information science” 8)____________is not popularly 9)_______in
academia until after10)__________________.
@Part6 Practice on Passage
End
founder
marks
in the late part
whose to organize
as the fathers
1895
as a term used
World War II
2009-7-27 P,18
End of this Unit
Unit 2
Evolution of Information Science
Chapter One
&Part4 Extensive Reading@ Part 1 Notes to Text
@Part5 Notes to Passage& Part 2 Word Study
@Part3 Practice on Text @Part6 Practice on Passage
2009-7-27 P,2
@ Part 1 Notes to Text
1) Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz 莱布尼茨简介,莱布尼茨（ 1646–1716）是德国莱比锡一个哲学教授的儿子，
德国启蒙运动中伟大的哲学家、数学家、逻辑学家、历史学家和语言学家，被称为德国以及欧洲历史上最后一个各学科的通才。
2) Information science,in studying the collection,classification,
manipulation,storage,retrieval and dissemination of
information as mentioned previously,has origins in the
common stock of human knowledge,正如前面所述，信息科学研究信息的采集、分类、处理、储存、检索和传播，它起源于共同的人类知识宝库。
注释,此处的介词短语 in studying… 是插入成分，用作状语，对主语
Information science加以补充说明。
Evolution of Information Science
2009-7-27 P,3
3) Information analysis has been carried out by scholars at
least as early as the time of the Abyssinian Empire with the
emergence of cultural depositories,what is today known as
libraries and archives.至少早在阿比西尼亚帝国时代，随着文化储存处的出现，学者就采用了信息分析，这所谓的文化储存处就是当今人人皆知的图书馆和档案馆。
注释,介词短语 with the emergence of cultural depositories是伴随状语；从句 what is today known as libraries and archives.属于插入成分，相当于同位语，对前面的 cultural depositories作补充说明。
2009-7-27 P,4
4) Benjamin Franklin本杰明 ·富兰克林简介,本杰明 ·富兰克林（ Dr,Benjamin Franklin,1706 -1790）
美国着名的政治家与科学家。他同时亦是出版商、印刷商、记者、
作家、慈善家；更是杰出的外交家及发明家。他是美国革命时重要的领导人之一，参与了多项重要文件的草拟，并曾出任美国驻法国大使，成功取得法国支持美国独立。富兰克林曾经进行多项关于电的实验，并且发明了避雷针。其他由他发明的事物包括有双焦点眼镜，蛙鞋等等。富兰克林是共济会的成员，被选为英国皇家学会院士。他亦是美国首任邮政总长（ Postmaster General）。
5) Alois Senefelder 塞纳菲尔德简介,奥国 (今捷克的布拉格 )人作曲家塞纳菲尔德 (Alois
Senefelder l771-1834) 发明石版印刷术 (Lithography)，利用水与脂肪互相反拨原理，在平面印刷方面，他被视为平版印刷术
(Planography)的鼻祖。并造木制石版印刷机。
End
2009-7-27 P,5 End
1,philosopher n,哲学家 9,discipline n,学科
2,contributions n,贡献 10,institutional adj,制度上的
3,origin n,起源 11,philosophical adj,哲学的
4,analysis n,分析 12,transaction n,学报
5,emergence n,出现 13,institutionalization n,制度化
6,depository n,收藏处；仓库 14,realm n,领域 ;范畴
7,archive n,档案馆 15,pattern v,模仿 ;效仿
8,institutionally adv,在制度上 16,lithography n,石版印刷术
& Part 2 Word Study
2009-7-27 P,6
Task 1,Listening training
Dictation of some key words
Directions,You will hear some key words twice,most of which are taken from
the Word Study,Then finish the Crossword Puzzle,(See you book p,)
2,Dictation of some key expressions
Directions,You will hear some key expressions twice,most of which are
taken from this text,Then you are asked to complete the missing words.
@Part3 Practice on Text
1) significant_______________
2) _______________of information
3) cultural_________________
4) _____________journal
5) scientific_______________
6) ____________of lithography
contributions
dissemination
depositories
medical
experiment
concept
2009-7-27 P,7
Read and Reply
Directions:Students are required to read aloud the whole text after
the teacher,Then give short answers to the following questions:
a)Who made significant contributions to what we
now call "information science?
b) What did Benjamin Franklin do in 1731?
c) When was information analysis carried out by
scholars?
Task 2,Read,Write and Translate
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz,a philosopher
The Library Company of Philadelphia,the first,public” library
At least as early as the time of the Abyssinian Empire
2009-7-27 P,8
Directions:Students are required to read through the whole text again and then
tell whether the following statements true (T) or false (F).
( )1) It was Benjamin Franklin who made great contributions to
information science,
( )2) Information science emerged in the 18th Century along with
many other social science disciplines
( ) 3) The first scientific journal,in 1665 by the Royal Society was
called ‘‘ Philosophical Transactions,’’
( )4) The first,public” library was founded by Gottfried
Wilhelm
von Leibniz.
( )5)The first medical journal was published in 1736 in London.
Read and Judge
End
T
F
T
F
F
2009-7-27 P,9
Directions:Read the following short passage,Complete it by filling in the missing words.
A.information B,held C,reach D,published E,Establishing
F,In 1860 G,return H,convinces I,to discuss J,which
In 1854 George Boole 1)___________‘‘ An Investigation into Laws
of Thought...,’’ 2)________lays the foundations for Boolean
algebra,which is later used in 3)________retrieval,4)_________a
congress is 5)________at Karlsruhe Technische Hochschule
6)________the feasibility of 7)________a systematic and rational
nomenclature for chemistry,The congress does not 8)________any
conclusive results,but several key participants 9)_______home with
Stanislao Cannizzaro's outline (1858),which ultimately
10)________them of the validity of his scheme for calculating atomic
weights,
Read and Complete
End
D
J
A F
B I
E
C
G
H
2009-7-27 P,10
1)成千上万的科学家为人类的进步和世界和平做出了巨大的贡献。
（ make contributions to）
2)通过多年的努力，她终于实现了出国留学的计划。 (carry out)
3)我们学校充当这次学术会议的东道主。 ( host )
4)那个有钱的商人在他出生的城镇创办了一家医院和一所学校。
( found )
5)这个公司已从一个分公司发展到拥有 12个分公司了。 (expand)
Read and Translate
Directions:Put the following sentences into English,using the words or phrases given.
Thousands of scientists have made great contributions to the
progress of human society and the peace of the world.
Through many years of effort,she carried out her plan
to study abroad.
The academic conference was hosted by our university.
The rich businissman founded a hospital and a school in the
town where he was born.
The business has expanded from having one office to having
twelve.
End
2009-7-27 P,11
History & Fields of Information Systems
The study of information systems,originated(开始 ) as a sub-discipline
of computer science,in an attempt to understand and rationalize (使合理化 )the management of technology within organizations,It has
matured (成熟 )into a major field of management,that is increasingly
being emphasized as an important area of research in management
studies,and is taught at all major universities and business schools
in the world,Today,Information and Information technology have
become the fifth major resource available to executives (管理者 )for
shaping an organization,alongside people,money,material and
machines,Many companies have created a position of Chief
Information Officer (CIO) that sits on the executive board with the
Chief Executive Officer (CEO),Chief Financial Officer (CFO),Chief
Operating Officer (COO) and Chief Technical Officer (CTO).The CTO
may also serve as CIO,and vice versa,it is the way of using the
information to develop the organization.
&Part4 Extensive Reading
2009-7-27 P,12
Information systems deal with the development,use and
management of an organization's IT infrastructure(基础结构 ),In
the post-industrial(工业社会后 )information age,the focus of
companies has shifted from being product oriented(以,..目的的 ),
to knowledge oriented,In a sense that market operators today,
compete on process and innovation(创新 ),rather than product.
The emphasis has shifted from the quality and quantity of
production to the production process itself,and the services
that accompany(伴随 )the production process,The biggest asset
(资产 )of companies today,is their information,represented in
people,experience,know-how,innovations (patents,
copyrights,trade secrets专利 ),And for a market operator to be
able to compete,he/she must have a strong information
infrastructure,at the heart of which,lies the information
technology infrastructure,Thus,the study of information
systems,focuses on why and how technology can be put into
best use to serve the information flow within an organization.
2009-7-27 P,13
Information Systems has a number of different areas of work:
Information Systems Strategy
Information Systems Management
Information Systems Development
End
Each of which branches (分出来 )out into a number of sub
disciplines,that overlap(覆盖 )with other science and
managerial (管理的 )disciplines such as computer science,pure
and engineering sciences,social and behavioral (行为的 )sciences,and business management.
2009-7-27 P,14
@Part5 Notes to Passage
1) It has matured into a major field of management,that is
increasingly being emphasized as an important area of
research in management studies,and is taught at all major
universities and business schools in the world,信息系统的研究，业已成熟，成为管理方面的主要研究领域，人们不断地将之作为管理研究方面的重要研究区域，而且所有的世界主要大学和商校都开设了这门课程。
注释,主语 It指上文提及的 The study of information systems
,信息系统的研究”； that引导的从句用来修饰前面的名词短语 a
major field of management，从结构上看是非限制性的。可见
that引导非限制性定语从句也是可以的。
2009-7-27 P,15
2) Many companies have created a position of Chief
Information Officer (CIO) that sits on the executive board with
the Chief Executive Officer (CEO),Chief Financial Officer
(CFO),Chief Operating Officer (COO) and Chief Technical
Officer (CTO).在许多公司设立了一个职位 CIO（首席信息经理）。
该职务属于公司执行董事会成员，与 CEO（首席行政官）,CFO
（首席财务官）,COO(首席运营官 )这一类职务相对应。
注释,一般公司最高管理层的职务分工如下：
CEO(Chief executive officer)首席执行官 类似总经理、总裁，是企业的法人代表。
COO(Chief operating officer)首席运营官 类似常务总经理
CFO(Chief financial officer)首席财务官 类似财务总经理
CTO(Chief technology officer)首席技术官 类似总工程师
CIO(Chief information officer)首席信息官 主管企业信息的收集和发布。
2009-7-27 P,16
3) In the post-industrial information age,the focus of companies
has shifted from being product oriented,to knowledge
oriented,在工业后的信息时代中，公司的重点从产品型转到了知识型。
注释,注意前缀词 post-（“在,..后”）的用法：例如：
postgraduate 毕业后的
postharvest 丰收之后
postwar 战后
4) And for a market operator to be able to compete,he/she must
have a strong information infrastructure,at the heart of which,
lies the information technology infrastructure,市场营运者要想具有竞争力，就必须具有坚实的信息基础结构，信息技术则是信息基础结构的核心部分。
注释,for a market operator to be able to compete是不定式短语，
表目的。其中 for a market operator是不定式的逻辑主语； at the
heart of which显然是属于非限制性定语从句中的状语，要提醒的是：该定语从句采用了完全倒装的形式。
End
2009-7-27 P,17
1.Listening Challenge
Spot Dictation
Directions,The following passage will be heard 3 times,During the second time,you
are required to put the missing words or phrases in the numbered blanks according to
what you hear,The third time is for you to check your answers,Now the passage
begins.
Paul Otlet is a 1)_______ of modern information science,The discipline
of European Documentation,which 2)_______the earliest theoretical
foundations of modern information science,emerged 3)_____________
of the 19th Century together with several more scientific indexes
4)_______purpose was 5)_____________scholarly literature,Most
information science historians cite Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine
6)________________of information science with the founding of the
International Institute of Bibliography in 7)____________,However,
,information science” 8)____________is not popularly 9)_______in
academia until after10)__________________.
@Part6 Practice on Passage
End
founder
marks
in the late part
whose to organize
as the fathers
1895
as a term used
World War II
2009-7-27 P,18
End of this Unit
