Lecture 8,Participles---Present and Past
? 11,分词
? 11.1 分词作定语
? 分词前置
? We can see the rising sun,我们可以看到东升的旭日
? He is a retired worker,他是位退休的工人
? 分词后置
? i分词词组；
? ii 个别分词如 given,left；
? iii 修饰不定代词
? There was a girl sitting there,有个女孩坐在那里
? This is the question given,这是所给的问题
? There is nothing interesting,没有有趣的东西
? 过去分词作定语
? 与其修饰的词是被动关系, 相当于一个被动语态的定语从句 。
? Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists,
? Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa,
? 典型例题
? 1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language
came out in the 16th century,
A,have written B,to be written C,being written D,written
? 答案 D,书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相
当于定语从句 which is written
? 2） What's the language ____ in Germany?
A,speaking B,spoken C,be spoken D,to speak
? 答案 B,主语 language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。 spoken是动
词 speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语 language,
spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为,
What's the language (which is) spoken in Germany?
? 11.2 分词作状语
? As I didn't receive any letter from him,I gave him a call,
? ? Not receiving any letter from him,I gave him a call,
由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。
? If more attention was given,the trees could have grown better,
? ? Given more attention,the trees could have grown better,
假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
? 典型例题
? 1） _____ some officials,Napoleon inspected his army,
? A,Followed B,Followed by C,Being followed D,Having
been followed
? 答案 B,Napoleon 与 follow 之间有被动的含义。 being followed除
表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（ 被 … 跟
随）。本题可改为,With some officials following,Napoleon
inspected his army,
? 2） There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light,
A,followed B,following C,to be followed D,being followed
? 答案 B,由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的
发出者，为主动。用现在分词。
? 3） _______,liquids can be changed into gases,
A,Heating B,To be heated C,Heated D,Heat
? 答案 C,本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行
的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的
受动者，是被动的，因而选 C。 它相当于一个状语从句 When it
is heated,…
? 注意,选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分
词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用
过去分词。
? (Being ) used for a long time,the book looks old,
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
? Using the book,I find it useful,
在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
? 11.3 连词 +分词 (短语 )
? 有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连
词有,when,while,if though,after,before,as,但分词的主语
和主句的主语必须为同一个,如,
? While waiting there,he saw two pretty girls come out of the building,
? waiting 和 saw 的主语相同。
? 11.4 分词作补语
? 通常在感官动词和使役动词之后,如,
? I found my car missing,我发现我的车不见了。
? I‘ll have my watch repaired,我想把我的手表修一下。
? 11.5 分词作表语
? 现在分词,表示主动, 正在进行
? 过去分词,表示被动，已经完成
? She looked tired with cooking.她由于忙着做饭, 看上去有些疲倦 。
? He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。
? 11.6 分词作插入语
? 其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
? generally speaking 一般说来
talking of (speaking of) 说道
strictly speaking 严格的说
judging from 从 … 判断
all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration 全面看来
? Judging from his face,he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一
定是病了。
? Generally speaking,dogs can run faster than pigs,总的来
说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是 dogs 的动作 )
? 11.7 分词的时态
? 1）与主语动词同时
? Hearing the news,he jumped with joy,听到这一消息, 他高兴得
手舞足蹈 。
? Arriving there,they found the boy dead,刚一到那儿，他们就发
现那男孩死了。
? 典型例题
? The secretary worked late into the night,___a long speech for the
president,
A,to prepare B,preparing C,prepared D,was preparing
? 答案 B,此处没有连词，不能选 D,否则出现了两个谓语动词
worked和 was preparing。 只能在 B,C中选一个。又因前后两个
动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。
? 2）先于主动词
? 分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后,要用
having done。
? Having finished his homework,he went out,
? =As he had finished his homework,he went out,
做完作业后，他出去了。
? 典型例题
? ___ a reply,he decided to write again,
A,Not receiving B,Receiving not C,Not having received
D,Having not received
? 答案 C,本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，
分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之
前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为 not +分词，
故选 C。 该句可理解为,Because he had not received a reply,he
decided to write again,
? 11.8 分词的语态
? 1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动,例
如,
? He is the man giving you the money,(= who gave you… )
他就是给你钱的那个人 。
? He is the man stopped by the car,( = who was stopped
by… )他就是那个被车拦住的人 。
? 2） 不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生, 例如,
? a well-read person,一个读过许多书的人
? a much-travelled man 一个去过许多地方的人
? a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
TEM4-98
Homework
? Exercise 21A on Pages 360-362
? Exercise 21B on Pages 362-363
? Exercise 21C on Pages 363-365
? Exercise 21D on Pages 369-371
? Exercise 21E on Pages 371-372
? Exercise 21F on Pages 372-373
? Exercise 22A on Pages 378-380
? Exercise 22B on Pages 380-381
? Exercise 22C on Pages 381-383
? Exercise 22D on Pages 385-386
? 预习 第 11讲 （ 183— 203页）
? 预习 第 12讲 （ 204— 220页）
? 预习 第 13讲 （ 221— 236页）
? 11,分词
? 11.1 分词作定语
? 分词前置
? We can see the rising sun,我们可以看到东升的旭日
? He is a retired worker,他是位退休的工人
? 分词后置
? i分词词组；
? ii 个别分词如 given,left；
? iii 修饰不定代词
? There was a girl sitting there,有个女孩坐在那里
? This is the question given,这是所给的问题
? There is nothing interesting,没有有趣的东西
? 过去分词作定语
? 与其修饰的词是被动关系, 相当于一个被动语态的定语从句 。
? Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists,
? Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa,
? 典型例题
? 1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language
came out in the 16th century,
A,have written B,to be written C,being written D,written
? 答案 D,书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相
当于定语从句 which is written
? 2） What's the language ____ in Germany?
A,speaking B,spoken C,be spoken D,to speak
? 答案 B,主语 language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。 spoken是动
词 speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语 language,
spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为,
What's the language (which is) spoken in Germany?
? 11.2 分词作状语
? As I didn't receive any letter from him,I gave him a call,
? ? Not receiving any letter from him,I gave him a call,
由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。
? If more attention was given,the trees could have grown better,
? ? Given more attention,the trees could have grown better,
假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
? 典型例题
? 1） _____ some officials,Napoleon inspected his army,
? A,Followed B,Followed by C,Being followed D,Having
been followed
? 答案 B,Napoleon 与 follow 之间有被动的含义。 being followed除
表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（ 被 … 跟
随）。本题可改为,With some officials following,Napoleon
inspected his army,
? 2） There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light,
A,followed B,following C,to be followed D,being followed
? 答案 B,由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的
发出者，为主动。用现在分词。
? 3） _______,liquids can be changed into gases,
A,Heating B,To be heated C,Heated D,Heat
? 答案 C,本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行
的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的
受动者，是被动的，因而选 C。 它相当于一个状语从句 When it
is heated,…
? 注意,选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分
词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用
过去分词。
? (Being ) used for a long time,the book looks old,
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
? Using the book,I find it useful,
在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
? 11.3 连词 +分词 (短语 )
? 有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连
词有,when,while,if though,after,before,as,但分词的主语
和主句的主语必须为同一个,如,
? While waiting there,he saw two pretty girls come out of the building,
? waiting 和 saw 的主语相同。
? 11.4 分词作补语
? 通常在感官动词和使役动词之后,如,
? I found my car missing,我发现我的车不见了。
? I‘ll have my watch repaired,我想把我的手表修一下。
? 11.5 分词作表语
? 现在分词,表示主动, 正在进行
? 过去分词,表示被动，已经完成
? She looked tired with cooking.她由于忙着做饭, 看上去有些疲倦 。
? He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。
? 11.6 分词作插入语
? 其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
? generally speaking 一般说来
talking of (speaking of) 说道
strictly speaking 严格的说
judging from 从 … 判断
all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration 全面看来
? Judging from his face,he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一
定是病了。
? Generally speaking,dogs can run faster than pigs,总的来
说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是 dogs 的动作 )
? 11.7 分词的时态
? 1）与主语动词同时
? Hearing the news,he jumped with joy,听到这一消息, 他高兴得
手舞足蹈 。
? Arriving there,they found the boy dead,刚一到那儿，他们就发
现那男孩死了。
? 典型例题
? The secretary worked late into the night,___a long speech for the
president,
A,to prepare B,preparing C,prepared D,was preparing
? 答案 B,此处没有连词，不能选 D,否则出现了两个谓语动词
worked和 was preparing。 只能在 B,C中选一个。又因前后两个
动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。
? 2）先于主动词
? 分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后,要用
having done。
? Having finished his homework,he went out,
? =As he had finished his homework,he went out,
做完作业后，他出去了。
? 典型例题
? ___ a reply,he decided to write again,
A,Not receiving B,Receiving not C,Not having received
D,Having not received
? 答案 C,本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，
分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之
前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为 not +分词，
故选 C。 该句可理解为,Because he had not received a reply,he
decided to write again,
? 11.8 分词的语态
? 1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动,例
如,
? He is the man giving you the money,(= who gave you… )
他就是给你钱的那个人 。
? He is the man stopped by the car,( = who was stopped
by… )他就是那个被车拦住的人 。
? 2） 不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生, 例如,
? a well-read person,一个读过许多书的人
? a much-travelled man 一个去过许多地方的人
? a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
TEM4-98
Homework
? Exercise 21A on Pages 360-362
? Exercise 21B on Pages 362-363
? Exercise 21C on Pages 363-365
? Exercise 21D on Pages 369-371
? Exercise 21E on Pages 371-372
? Exercise 21F on Pages 372-373
? Exercise 22A on Pages 378-380
? Exercise 22B on Pages 380-381
? Exercise 22C on Pages 381-383
? Exercise 22D on Pages 385-386
? 预习 第 11讲 （ 183— 203页）
? 预习 第 12讲 （ 204— 220页）
? 预习 第 13讲 （ 221— 236页）
