Lecture 7,Gerund and Infinitive
? 8 非谓语动词
? 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做
非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式,不定式，动名
词，和分词 (分词包括现在分词和过去分词 )。
? 1）不定式
时态 \语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
? 2）动名词
时态 \语态 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
? 3）分词
时态 \语态 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been
done
? 否定形式,not +不定式, not + 动名词,
not + 现在分词
? 9 动名词
? 9.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语
? 1）作主语
Fighting broke out between the South and the North,
南方与北方开战了。
? 2）作宾语
? a,动词后加动名词 doing作宾语 V,+ doing sth
? admit 承认 appreciate 感激,赞赏 avoid 避免
complete 完成 consider 认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认
detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱
prevent阻止 fancy 想象 finish 完成
imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念
postpone 推迟 practise 训练 recall 回忆
resent 讨厌 resist 抵抗 resume 继续
risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对
include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解
forgive 宽恕 keep 继续
? b,词组后接 doing
? admit to承认 prefer…to be used to
lead to devote oneself to object to
stick to be busy look forward to
no good,no use,It‘s worth…,
as well as,can’t help,It‘s no use /good
be tired of be fond of be capable of
be afraid of be proud of think of / about
hold off拖延 put off keep on
insist on count on / upon set about
be successful in good at take up
give up burst out 突发 prevent … from…
? 3)作表语
? Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the
children,
? 9.2 worth 的用法
? worth,worthy,worth-while都为 adj,意为, 值得, 。
? 1,worth,
? be worth + n., …… 值得 ……,
? be worth doing sth.,…… 某事值得被做,
? The question is not worth discussing again and again,
? 2,worthy,
? be worthy of +n,当名词为抽象名词时表示, …… 值得 ……,
? be worthy to be done,某事值得被做,
? The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again,
? 3,worth-while,
? be worth-while to do sth,值得做某事,
? worth while,It is worth while doing sth
? It is worth while sb to do sth,
? It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again,
A.worth B.worthy C.worth-while D.worth while
? 答案 C,此句只适合词组 be worth-while to do sth.。 因此选 C。
? 10 动词不定式
? 10.1 不定式作宾语
? 1) 动词 + 不定式
? afford aim appear agree arrange ask
be decide bother care choose come
dare demand desire determine expect elect
endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate
learn long mean manage offer ought
plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem
tend wait wish undertake
? The driver failed to see the other car in time,
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
? I happen to know the answer to your question,
? 2）动词 +不定式 ； 动词 +宾语 +不定式
? ask,beg,choose,expect,hate,help intend like,
love,need prefer,prepare,promise,want,wish…
? I like to keep everything tidy,我喜欢每件东西都
保持整洁 。
? I like you to keep everything tidy,我喜欢你年使
每件东西都保持整洁 。
? I want to speak to Tom,我想和汤姆谈话 。
? I want you to speak to Tom,我想让你和汤姆谈
话。
? 3）动词 +疑问词 + to
? decide,know,consider forget,learn,remember,show,
understand,see,wonder,hear,find out,explain,tell
? Please show us how to do that,请演示给我们如何去做。
? There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I
can‘t make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，
我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
? 注意,疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单
数。
? The question is how to put it into practice,
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
? 10.2 不定式作补语
? 1) 动词 +宾语 +不定式 (to do)
? advise allow appoint believe cause
challenge command compel consider declare
drive enable encourage find forbid
force guess hire imagine impel
induce inform instruct invite judge
know like order permit persuade
remind report request require select
send state suppose tell think
train trust understand urge warn
? Father will not allow us to play on the street,
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
? We believe him to be guilty,
我们相信他是有罪的。
? 2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
? acknowledge,believe,consider,think,
declare(声称 ),discover,fancy(设想 ),feel find,
guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,
see(理解 ),show,suppose,take(以为 ),
understand
? We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
? Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer,
A,to invent B,inventing
C,to have invented D,having invented
? 答案,A,由 consider to do sth,排除 B,D。, 此句只说明发
明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而 C为现在完成时，发明
为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因
此不选 C。
? 3) to be +形容词
? seem,appear,be said,be supposed,
be believed,be thought,be known,be reported,
hope,wish,desire,want,plan,expect,
mean…
? The book is believed to be uninteresting.人们认为
这本书没什么意思。
? 4)there be+不定式
? believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,
want,wish,understand
? We didn't expect there to be so many people there.
我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
? 10.3 不定式作主语
? 1） It‘s + adj,(for me) + to do sth,
? easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,
necessary,better; the first,the next,the last,the best,too much,
too little,not enough
? It‘s so nice to hear your voice.听到你的声音真高兴 。
? It‘s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it,
当你不用车的时候, 锁车是有必要的 。
? 2) It‘s + adj,of sb + to do sth,
? kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,
brave,considerate(考虑周到的 ),silly,selfish(自私的 )
? It was silly of us to believe him,我们真愚蠢, 竟然相信了他 。
? It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything,
?
? 注意,
? 1) 其他系动词如, look,appear等也可用于此句型 。
? 2) 不定式作为句子成分时, 动词用单数形式 。
? 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时, 不能用 It is… to… 的
句型 。
? (对 )To see is to believe,百闻不如一见 。
(错 )It is to believe to see,
? 10.4 It's for sb.和 It's of sb,
? 1） for sb,常用于表示事物的特征特点, 表示客观形式的形容词,
如 easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等,
? It‘s very hard for him to study two languages,对他来说学两门外语
是很难的 。
? 2） of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格, 品德, 表示主观感情或
态度的形容词, 如 good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。
? It‘s very nice of you to help me,你来帮助我, 你真是太好了 。
? for 与 of 的辨别方法,
? 用介词后面的代词作主语, 用介词前边的形容词作表语, 造个
句子 。 如果道理上通顺用 of,不通则用 for。 如,
? You are nice,(通顺, 所以应用 of)。
It is nice of you …
? He is hard,(人是困难的, 不通, 因此应用 for。 )
It is hard for him…
? 10.5 不定式作表语
? 不定式可放在 be动词后面，形成表语。例如,
? My work is to clean the room every day,
? His dream is to be a doctor,
? 10.6 不定式作定语
? 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如,
? I have a lot of work to do,
? So he made some candles to give light,
? 10.7 不定式作状语
? 1）目的状语
? to…,only to ( 仅仅为了 ),in order to,so as to,so(such)… as
to… ( 如此 …… 以便 ……)
? He ran so fast as to catch the first bus,他飞快地跑以便赶上第一
班车 。
? I come here only to say good-bye to you,我来仅仅是向你告别。
? 2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
? What have I said to make you angry,
? He searched the room only to find nothing,
? 3)表原因
? I'm glad to see you,
? 典型例题
The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to ___,
A,sit B,sit on C,be seat D,be sat on
? 答案,B,如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
当动词与介词连用时，常位于 "形容词 +动词不定式 "结构的末尾。
? 10.8 省 to 的动词不定式
? 1） 情态动词 ( 除 ought 外, ought to),
? 2） 使役动词 let,have,make,
? 3） 感官动词 see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,
smell,feel,find 等后作宾补, 省略 to。
? 注意,在被动语态中则 to 不能省掉 。
? I saw him dance,=He was seen to dance,
? The boss made them work the whole night,
=They were made to work the whole night,
? 4） would rather,had better,
? 5） Why… / why not…,
? 6） help 可带 to,也可不带 to,help sb (to) do sth,
? 7） but和 except,but前是动词 do时, 后面出现的动词用不带 to的
动词不定式 。
? He wants to do nothing but go out,
? 比较,He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine,
? 8） 由 and,or和 than连接的两个不定式, 第二个 to 可以省去,
? He wants to move to France and marry the girl,
? 9） 通常在 discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等词后, 可
以省去 to be,
? He is supposed (to be) nice,他应该是个好人。
? 典型例题
? 1) ---- I usually go there by train,
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A,to try going B,trying to go
C,to try and go D,try going
? 答案,D,why not 后面接不带 to 的不定式, 因此选 D。
? 2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___,He always works hard,
A,learn B,to learn C,learned D,learning
? 答案,B,make后接不带 to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时,to
不可省略。
? 10.9 不定式的特殊句型 too…to…
? 1） too…to 太 … 以至于 …
? He is too excited to speak.他太激动了，说不出话来。
? ---- Can I help you?
---- Well,I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it,
but thank you all the same,
? 2) 如在 too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定,
too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为, 不太, 。
? It‘s never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。
? 3) 当 too 前面有 only,all,but时，意思是：非常 … 等于
very。
? I'm only too pleased to be able to help you,我非常高兴能
帮助你 。
? He was but too eager to get home,他非常想回家。
? 10.10 不定式的特殊句型 so as to
? 1） 表示目的；它的否定式是 so as not to do。
? Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose
his job.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的
工作。
? Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.轻点进去，
别惊醒了婴儿。
? 2) so kind as to ---劳驾
? Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?劳驾，
现在几点了。
? 10.11 不定式的时态和语态
? 时态 \语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
? 1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动
作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
? He seems to know this,
? I hope to see you again,= I hope that I'll see you again,
? 2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
? I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble,
? He seems to have caught a cold,
? 3) 进行时,表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发
生。
? He seems to be eating something,
? 4) 完成进行时,
? She is known to have been working on the problem for many years,
? 11.12 动名词与不定式
? 1） 动名词与不定式的区别,
动名词表达的是：状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生
的；
不定式表达的是：目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生
的。
? 2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。
如,like,love,begin,start,etc,
? 3） 动名词与不定式语义不同，如,
? 1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 cease to do cease doing
6 try to do try doing
7 go on to do go on doing
10 mean to do mean doing
TEM4-97
Homework
? Exercise 19A on Pages 330-331
? Exercise 19B on Pages 332-333
? Exercise 19C on Pages 338-339
? Exercise 19D on Pages 339-340
? Exercise 20A on Pages 344-345
? Exercise 20B on Pages 345-346
? Exercise 20C on Pages 348-349
? Exercise 20D on Pages 349-350
? Exercise 20E on Pages 354-356
? 预习 第 21讲 （ 357—373页）
? 预习 第 22讲 （ 374—386页）
? 8 非谓语动词
? 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做
非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式,不定式，动名
词，和分词 (分词包括现在分词和过去分词 )。
? 1）不定式
时态 \语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
? 2）动名词
时态 \语态 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
? 3）分词
时态 \语态 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been
done
? 否定形式,not +不定式, not + 动名词,
not + 现在分词
? 9 动名词
? 9.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语
? 1）作主语
Fighting broke out between the South and the North,
南方与北方开战了。
? 2）作宾语
? a,动词后加动名词 doing作宾语 V,+ doing sth
? admit 承认 appreciate 感激,赞赏 avoid 避免
complete 完成 consider 认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认
detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱
prevent阻止 fancy 想象 finish 完成
imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念
postpone 推迟 practise 训练 recall 回忆
resent 讨厌 resist 抵抗 resume 继续
risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对
include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解
forgive 宽恕 keep 继续
? b,词组后接 doing
? admit to承认 prefer…to be used to
lead to devote oneself to object to
stick to be busy look forward to
no good,no use,It‘s worth…,
as well as,can’t help,It‘s no use /good
be tired of be fond of be capable of
be afraid of be proud of think of / about
hold off拖延 put off keep on
insist on count on / upon set about
be successful in good at take up
give up burst out 突发 prevent … from…
? 3)作表语
? Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the
children,
? 9.2 worth 的用法
? worth,worthy,worth-while都为 adj,意为, 值得, 。
? 1,worth,
? be worth + n., …… 值得 ……,
? be worth doing sth.,…… 某事值得被做,
? The question is not worth discussing again and again,
? 2,worthy,
? be worthy of +n,当名词为抽象名词时表示, …… 值得 ……,
? be worthy to be done,某事值得被做,
? The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again,
? 3,worth-while,
? be worth-while to do sth,值得做某事,
? worth while,It is worth while doing sth
? It is worth while sb to do sth,
? It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again,
A.worth B.worthy C.worth-while D.worth while
? 答案 C,此句只适合词组 be worth-while to do sth.。 因此选 C。
? 10 动词不定式
? 10.1 不定式作宾语
? 1) 动词 + 不定式
? afford aim appear agree arrange ask
be decide bother care choose come
dare demand desire determine expect elect
endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate
learn long mean manage offer ought
plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem
tend wait wish undertake
? The driver failed to see the other car in time,
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
? I happen to know the answer to your question,
? 2）动词 +不定式 ； 动词 +宾语 +不定式
? ask,beg,choose,expect,hate,help intend like,
love,need prefer,prepare,promise,want,wish…
? I like to keep everything tidy,我喜欢每件东西都
保持整洁 。
? I like you to keep everything tidy,我喜欢你年使
每件东西都保持整洁 。
? I want to speak to Tom,我想和汤姆谈话 。
? I want you to speak to Tom,我想让你和汤姆谈
话。
? 3）动词 +疑问词 + to
? decide,know,consider forget,learn,remember,show,
understand,see,wonder,hear,find out,explain,tell
? Please show us how to do that,请演示给我们如何去做。
? There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I
can‘t make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，
我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
? 注意,疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单
数。
? The question is how to put it into practice,
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
? 10.2 不定式作补语
? 1) 动词 +宾语 +不定式 (to do)
? advise allow appoint believe cause
challenge command compel consider declare
drive enable encourage find forbid
force guess hire imagine impel
induce inform instruct invite judge
know like order permit persuade
remind report request require select
send state suppose tell think
train trust understand urge warn
? Father will not allow us to play on the street,
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
? We believe him to be guilty,
我们相信他是有罪的。
? 2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
? acknowledge,believe,consider,think,
declare(声称 ),discover,fancy(设想 ),feel find,
guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,
see(理解 ),show,suppose,take(以为 ),
understand
? We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
? Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer,
A,to invent B,inventing
C,to have invented D,having invented
? 答案,A,由 consider to do sth,排除 B,D。, 此句只说明发
明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而 C为现在完成时，发明
为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因
此不选 C。
? 3) to be +形容词
? seem,appear,be said,be supposed,
be believed,be thought,be known,be reported,
hope,wish,desire,want,plan,expect,
mean…
? The book is believed to be uninteresting.人们认为
这本书没什么意思。
? 4)there be+不定式
? believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,
want,wish,understand
? We didn't expect there to be so many people there.
我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
? 10.3 不定式作主语
? 1） It‘s + adj,(for me) + to do sth,
? easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,
necessary,better; the first,the next,the last,the best,too much,
too little,not enough
? It‘s so nice to hear your voice.听到你的声音真高兴 。
? It‘s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it,
当你不用车的时候, 锁车是有必要的 。
? 2) It‘s + adj,of sb + to do sth,
? kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,
brave,considerate(考虑周到的 ),silly,selfish(自私的 )
? It was silly of us to believe him,我们真愚蠢, 竟然相信了他 。
? It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything,
?
? 注意,
? 1) 其他系动词如, look,appear等也可用于此句型 。
? 2) 不定式作为句子成分时, 动词用单数形式 。
? 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时, 不能用 It is… to… 的
句型 。
? (对 )To see is to believe,百闻不如一见 。
(错 )It is to believe to see,
? 10.4 It's for sb.和 It's of sb,
? 1） for sb,常用于表示事物的特征特点, 表示客观形式的形容词,
如 easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等,
? It‘s very hard for him to study two languages,对他来说学两门外语
是很难的 。
? 2） of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格, 品德, 表示主观感情或
态度的形容词, 如 good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。
? It‘s very nice of you to help me,你来帮助我, 你真是太好了 。
? for 与 of 的辨别方法,
? 用介词后面的代词作主语, 用介词前边的形容词作表语, 造个
句子 。 如果道理上通顺用 of,不通则用 for。 如,
? You are nice,(通顺, 所以应用 of)。
It is nice of you …
? He is hard,(人是困难的, 不通, 因此应用 for。 )
It is hard for him…
? 10.5 不定式作表语
? 不定式可放在 be动词后面，形成表语。例如,
? My work is to clean the room every day,
? His dream is to be a doctor,
? 10.6 不定式作定语
? 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如,
? I have a lot of work to do,
? So he made some candles to give light,
? 10.7 不定式作状语
? 1）目的状语
? to…,only to ( 仅仅为了 ),in order to,so as to,so(such)… as
to… ( 如此 …… 以便 ……)
? He ran so fast as to catch the first bus,他飞快地跑以便赶上第一
班车 。
? I come here only to say good-bye to you,我来仅仅是向你告别。
? 2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
? What have I said to make you angry,
? He searched the room only to find nothing,
? 3)表原因
? I'm glad to see you,
? 典型例题
The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to ___,
A,sit B,sit on C,be seat D,be sat on
? 答案,B,如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
当动词与介词连用时，常位于 "形容词 +动词不定式 "结构的末尾。
? 10.8 省 to 的动词不定式
? 1） 情态动词 ( 除 ought 外, ought to),
? 2） 使役动词 let,have,make,
? 3） 感官动词 see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,
smell,feel,find 等后作宾补, 省略 to。
? 注意,在被动语态中则 to 不能省掉 。
? I saw him dance,=He was seen to dance,
? The boss made them work the whole night,
=They were made to work the whole night,
? 4） would rather,had better,
? 5） Why… / why not…,
? 6） help 可带 to,也可不带 to,help sb (to) do sth,
? 7） but和 except,but前是动词 do时, 后面出现的动词用不带 to的
动词不定式 。
? He wants to do nothing but go out,
? 比较,He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine,
? 8） 由 and,or和 than连接的两个不定式, 第二个 to 可以省去,
? He wants to move to France and marry the girl,
? 9） 通常在 discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等词后, 可
以省去 to be,
? He is supposed (to be) nice,他应该是个好人。
? 典型例题
? 1) ---- I usually go there by train,
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A,to try going B,trying to go
C,to try and go D,try going
? 答案,D,why not 后面接不带 to 的不定式, 因此选 D。
? 2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___,He always works hard,
A,learn B,to learn C,learned D,learning
? 答案,B,make后接不带 to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时,to
不可省略。
? 10.9 不定式的特殊句型 too…to…
? 1） too…to 太 … 以至于 …
? He is too excited to speak.他太激动了，说不出话来。
? ---- Can I help you?
---- Well,I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it,
but thank you all the same,
? 2) 如在 too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定,
too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为, 不太, 。
? It‘s never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。
? 3) 当 too 前面有 only,all,but时，意思是：非常 … 等于
very。
? I'm only too pleased to be able to help you,我非常高兴能
帮助你 。
? He was but too eager to get home,他非常想回家。
? 10.10 不定式的特殊句型 so as to
? 1） 表示目的；它的否定式是 so as not to do。
? Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose
his job.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的
工作。
? Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.轻点进去，
别惊醒了婴儿。
? 2) so kind as to ---劳驾
? Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?劳驾，
现在几点了。
? 10.11 不定式的时态和语态
? 时态 \语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
? 1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动
作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
? He seems to know this,
? I hope to see you again,= I hope that I'll see you again,
? 2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
? I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble,
? He seems to have caught a cold,
? 3) 进行时,表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发
生。
? He seems to be eating something,
? 4) 完成进行时,
? She is known to have been working on the problem for many years,
? 11.12 动名词与不定式
? 1） 动名词与不定式的区别,
动名词表达的是：状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生
的；
不定式表达的是：目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生
的。
? 2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。
如,like,love,begin,start,etc,
? 3） 动名词与不定式语义不同，如,
? 1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 cease to do cease doing
6 try to do try doing
7 go on to do go on doing
10 mean to do mean doing
TEM4-97
Homework
? Exercise 19A on Pages 330-331
? Exercise 19B on Pages 332-333
? Exercise 19C on Pages 338-339
? Exercise 19D on Pages 339-340
? Exercise 20A on Pages 344-345
? Exercise 20B on Pages 345-346
? Exercise 20C on Pages 348-349
? Exercise 20D on Pages 349-350
? Exercise 20E on Pages 354-356
? 预习 第 21讲 （ 357—373页）
? 预习 第 22讲 （ 374—386页）
