Teaching Plan Lecturer Yu Xiaochuan Course Telecommunications English Lesson Number 2 (Unit2)  Time  Grade  Teaching Mode Lecturing  Content Asynchronous Serial Data Transmission Class Hours 2 Periods  Teaching Objectives 1.to know the origin, operation and disadvantages of asynchronous serial data transmission ; 2. to understand the main idea and organization of the text; 3.to master some important new words, phrases and their usages, especially the theme-related telecom terms and expressions in the text;  Focal & Difficult Points Focal Points：1. Important new words, phrases and their usages, especially the theme-related telecom terms and expressions in the text;. 2. Organization of the text; 3. Translation training Difficult Points：1. Detailed analysis of difficult sentences in the text; 2. Expressions of times; 3. Affix: inter-，a-or an-; 4. Modifiers before comparative and superlative structure  Teaching Methods Applied Ways of lecturing, multimedia demonstration and speech interacting are applied to achieve the most understanding of the text intended.  Discussion, Exercises and Assignments Discussion：the main idea and organization of the text Exercises in class：Exercises 1-2 of Page 31 Assignments： 1. to collect the materials related to asynchronous serial data transmission and data transmission. 2. Exercises3-5 between Page 31 and Page 34 3. to preview Unit 3  Bibliography Zhang Daozhen,ed.Practical English Grammar (the 3rd Revision).Shanghai: the Commercial Press,1992 Shanghai Translation Publishing House,ed.New English-Chinese Dictionary. Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Publishing House,1988. Posts and Telecom Press,ed. English-Chinese Telecommunications Technology Dictionary.Beijing: Posts and Telecom Press,1997 Zhang Xiaohua and Shi Fangwen,ed.English for Telecommunications (the 4th Version).Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2004 Xu Xiulan.English for Computers and Telecommunications (the 3rd Revision).Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2004   Teaching Content Contents Time Teaching Apparatuses  I. Revision Teacher can use the following questions to help the students to revise what they studied in the last unit. 1. What have we studied in the Unit 1? Possible answers: the principle of PCM 2. What is PCM? Possible answers: an encoding method to transformed analog voice signal to digital one. 3. Tell us the main operations of PCM? Possible answers: sampling, quantizing and coding. II. Pre-reading Activities Ask the Ss the following two questions related to the theme of the text: Can you enumerate what you contacted in the study of the courses including digital communications and switching technology? Possible answers: PCM, space division switching, time division switching , time division multiplexing( TDM), etc. What is TDM? Possible answers: TDM is a scheme in which numerous signals are combined for transmission on a single communications line or channel. Each signal is broken up into many segments, each having very short duration. With TDM, many analog channels were digitized and it has became a popular way to deliver analog voice over digital networks. 2. Teacher leads into the text by saying: From the explanation you gave about TDM, It can be said that TDM lays very important groundwork for data communications. Based on your knowledge about TDM, I’m sure, you can achieve a good understanding of the new text, asynchronous serial data transmission because it is closely related to TDM. Now, let’s have a careful study of the text. (1minute) III. While-reading Activities i. New words and phrases Students read the new words and phrases aloud one by one after teacher.( 3 minutes) ii. Text organization 1. Ss read the text and point out the main idea of the text. The main idea: The text mainly discusses the origin, operation and disadvantages of asynchronous serial data transmission. 2. Ss make an analysis of the organization of the text . The text may be divided into three major sections. Section 1 (Lines1-16): the introduction of the concept of asynchronous serial data transmission , the origin of serial data transmission and the fundamental problem in this type of transmission; Section 2 (Lines17-52): the operation of asynchronous serial data transmission; Section 3 (Lines55-60): the disadvantages of asynchronous serial data transmission. iii. Key language points 1. by far 修饰比较级， 最高级, 表示数量、程度等，表示“远远地、大大地、非常、最”等等。 eg: By far the most popular…”意为 “最为常见的”或“最常用地” 其它比较级，最高级常用修饰语： 1）more than 结构： 一些：a bit, a little, slightly, somewhat 得…多：far, a great deal, greatly, a lot, much 倍数：three times 2）最高级结构： 置于最高级定冠词前：by no means, nearly, almost, much, far, quite, really，nothing like, nowhere near, etc. 置于最高级后：ever, yet 置于定冠词和最高级之间：second, next 2. inter- pref. between, among; in the midst of, within; mutual, mutually; reciprocal, reciprocally. eg: international, intertropical, interrelate, intermingle, Uses in Telecom English: interface, intercharacter, intersymbol, interactive data transaction(交互式数据处理), interblock gap(数据块间隔), intermodulation noise（互调噪声），interoffice trunk (局间中继线)，interlock code （互锁码），etc. 3. a- or an- pref. without, not eg: asynchronous(异步的), asymmetrical（非对称的） 4. synchronize vt. to cause to occur or operate with exact coincidence in time or rate: 使同步,使按照完全相同的时间或速度出现或运作： 5. therefore no special means of synchronizing the clocks at the transmitter and receiver is necessary． 翻译技巧：增词法 1)在翻译中，为更忠实、更通顺得体现原文内容，可适当增加译词。上句就可在“特殊手段”（special means）前增加动词“采用”，全句译为：“因此，没有必要采用特殊手段使发送器和接收器的时钟同步。” 2)更多译例： ① This cell phone is indeed cheap and fine. 这部手机确实是价廉物美。（增加名词） ② The first computers went into operation in 1945. 第一批计算机1945年投入使用。（增加“批”） 6. have one’s origin in…..: originate, stem from….( 起源于...) 7. around adj: being in existence（活的，处于，存在...中） eg: Our old dog is no longer around. 8. The fundamental problem encountered by all serial data transmission systems is how to split the incoming data stream into individual units (i.e., bits) and how to group these units into characters 1）句子结构分析： 主语：The fundamental problem 定语：“encountered by all serial data transmission systems”是动词过去分词短语，用于修饰先行词problem，可转换成定语从局“which is encountered by all serial data transmission systems” 帮助理解。 表语：how to split … into …and how to group … into … 2）词语搭配: ① split … into …：divide …into..(分成…) ② group … into …：place, arrange …in a group of（组合成…） 9…., which is three times the duration of an intersymbol space. 倍数的表达： 1）X times as adj / adv as as 译为：① A…是B的X倍（或净增X-1倍） ② A…是B的1/X倍（或比B减少（X-1）/ X倍） 2）X times the duration( width, length, value…) of … 译为：A…是B的X倍（或净增X-1倍） 3) X times –er/more—than … 译为：① A…是B的X+1倍（或净增X倍） ② A…是B的1/（X+1）倍（或比B减少X/ （X+1）倍） 翻译技巧：非限定性定语从句的译法 1） 很多时候，在忠实原文的基础上，我们可以不用通常的汉语定语模式来表述，而将此类从句和主句分别翻译成独立的两句话，既把从句译为一个独立句，使译文更为通顺，避免译句过于冗长、累赘。因此，上句可译为：“这个空格是点、划间空格的三倍”。 2) 更多译例： He survived the earth quake in 1976, in which above 200, 000 people were killed and the loss in material totaled billions of US dollars. 他在1976年发生的那次地震中幸存了下来。在那次地震中，有20多万人遇难，物资损失多达数十亿美圆。 10．oriented，…-oriented adj: with…as the direction, aim, or facing 以...为方向[目的]的, 面向的 词语搭配和翻译: character-oriented ( 面向字符的)，market-oriented ( 以市场为导向的)，export-oriented ( 以出口为导向的，出口型的)， application and techniques-oriented（应用型、技能型的） 11. in the form of : (以….形式) 12. These characters are invariable units comprising 7 or 8 bits of "information" plus 2 to 4 control bits. 1）句子结构分析： 定语：“comprising 7 or 8 bits of "information" plus 2 to 4 control bits”是动词现在分词短语，用于修饰先行词units，相当于定语从局“which comprise 7 or 8 bits of "information" plus 2 to 4 control bits”。 2) 词语、搭配 comprise vt: be made up of, be composed of, consist of (由…组成) 13. correspond to: be in agreement with (与…一致，相符，相对应) 14. be referred to as: be regarded as...,be called...(被称为...) 15. by convention: 按照惯例 16. The transmitter then sends the character, 1 bit at a time, by placing each successive bit on the line for a duration of T seconds, until all bits have been transmitted. 句子结构分析： 方式状语：① “1 bit at a time ”（一次一个比特地） ② “by placing each successive bit on the line for a duration of T seconds”是by doing 结构，一般作方式状语，意为“通过…..”。 17. …the receiver continually monitors the line looking for a start bit 句子结构分析：“looking for a start bit”是一个现在分词短语，表示伴随情况。全句可译为：接收器持续监视着线路，寻找起始比特。 18…. the receiver waits until the end of the start bit and then samples the next N bits at their centers, using a clock generated locally by the receiver 句子结构分析：“using a clock generated locally by the receiver” 是一个现在分词短语，表示伴随情况。斜体部分“generated locally by the receiver” 是过去分词短语，用于修饰先行词clock。划线部分可译为：利用接收器本地(产生的)时钟。 19.due to...: because of , as result of , owing to(由于...) 20. ...,say,...: 当say的前后用逗号分开时，其作用相当于一个口语中的插入语，意为“比方说”。 21. dump：to transfer (data stored internally in a computer) from one place to another, as from a memory to a printout, without processing.( 转储，转出, 将（储存在计算机内中的数据）未经处理而从一处转入另一处，如从存储器转入打印输出) 22. 与本单元课题有关的电信术语或用语： Asynchronous Serial Data Transmission 异步串行数据传输 serial interface 串行接口 data link 数据链路 teleprinter 电传打字机 data stream 数据流 intersymbol符号间（的） intercharacter字符间 character oriented 面向字符的 bits of “information” 信息比特 control bits 控制比特 Morse code莫尔斯电码 idle state 闲置状态 mark level信号电平 space level空号电平 start bit起始位 parity bit奇偶校验位 error flag错误标志 falling edge下降沿 logical 1 level逻辑1电平 binary data二进制数据 IV. Post-reading Activities i. Review the important expressions , phrases or sentences which were learnt in the study of text by guiding the students through Exercises 1-2 of Page 31 in class . ii. Ask the students to summarize the translation skills touched upon in the study of the text. Possible answers: 增词法、非限定性定语从句的译法 V. Further Development of the Theme-related Specialized Knowledge 数据通信基本知识： http://www.emoyo.net/tech/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=200 时分多路复用：http://www.btc.sh.cn/wsxy/digi/d3z.htm VI. Assignments Preview Unit 3 Do Exercises3-5 between Page 31 and Page 34 3 mins 5 mins 3 mins 15 mins 42 mins 20 mins 1 mins 1 mins computer， projector， loud speaker， blackboard，