Teaching Plan Lecturer Ye Bin Course English for Telecommunications Lesson Number 10(Unit 10)  Time  Grade  Teaching Mode Lecturing  Content GSM（Global System for Mobile Communication） Class Hours 2 Periods  Teaching Objectives to know the principle , function and operation of GSM（Global System for Mobile Communication） to understand the main idea and organization of the text to master important new words, phrases and their usages, especially the telecom terms and expressions in the text  Focal & Difficult Points Focal Points：important new words, phrases and their usages, especially the telecom terms and expressions in the text; the main idea and organization of the text; Translation training Difficult Points: Detailed analysis of difficult sentences in the text  Teaching Methods Applied Ways of lecturing, multimedia demonstration and speech interacting are applied to achieve the most understanding of the text intended.  Discussion, Exercises and Assignments Discussion：the main idea and organization of the text Exercises in class: Exercises 1-2 on page 120 Assignments：１to collect the materials related to Global System for Mobile Communication 2. Exercises 3-5 on page from 121 to 124 3. to preview unit 11  Bibliography Zhang Daozhen,ed.Practical English Grammar (the 3rd Revision).Shanghai: the Commercial Press,1992 Shanghai Translation Publishing House,ed.New English-Chinese Dictionary. Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Publishing House,1988. Posts and Telecom Press,ed. English-Chinese Telecommunications Technology Dictionary.Beijing: Posts and Telecom Press,1997 Zhang Xiaohua and Shi Fangwen,ed.English for Telecommunications (the 4th Version).Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2004 Xu Xiulan.English for Computers and Telecommunications (the 3rd Revision) .Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2004   Teaching Content Contents Time Teaching Apparatuses  I. Revision Ask the students to answer the following questions: 1. what have we learned in the Unit 9? Possible answers: cellular Mobile Telephone System 2.What is cellular Mobile Telephone System? Possible answers: to reuse the allocated frequency band in different geographic locations. 3.How many parts does a basic cellular consist of? What are they? Possible answers: 3 parts, they are mobile units, cell site and MTSO (mobile telephone switching office) II. Pre-reading Activities Ask the students the following questions related to the text The history of mobility can split into generations，what are they？ Possible answer： The first generation systems are AMPS，TACS，NMT，they are all analogue system；The second generation is GSM（Global System for Mobile Communication）；The third generation mobile is developed in Europe currently. Please tell about the principle of the GSM system. Possible answer: The GSM system is based on a cellular communications principle . III. While-reading Activities New Words And Phrases Students read the new words and phrases aloud one by one afer teacher Text organization Ss read the text and point out the main idea of the text. The main idea: the text mainly discussion the principle , function and operation of the second generation mobile communication system----GSM. Ss make an analysis of the organization of the text. Section1(line 1-20): The rapid development of the personal communication is high dependent on technology and communication standards. Section2(line21-81): GSM provides common standard and uses the advanced digital technology. Section3(line82-87): the third generation mobile communication system currently is developed in Europe. iii. Passage-reading Activities 1标题：GSM（Global System for Mobile Communication） ＧＳＭ是此词组Global System for Mobile Communication的缩写形式，他取了Global System Mobile三个单词的首字母，译为全球移动通信系统。 2.The success of mobile systems across the world is a sign that communication is moving towards a more personalized, convenient system. 分析: across the world: throughout the world 全球 towards：-prep. toward, in the direction of 向…,往…. 类似的表达: walk toward(s), run toward(s)….. that引导定语从句修饰sign．sign是名词，但在译成中文可用动词表达。本句可译为世界范围移动通信的成功标志着．．．．．． 在英译汉过程中, 有些句子可以逐词对译, 有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同,在译文中需要转换词性,才能使译文通顺自然。 eg. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。（名词转译成动词） The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见机器声，令我特别神往。（名词转译成动词） 3.People who have to use a mobile phone on business soon begin to realize that the ability to phone any time, any place in one's personal life rapidly becomes a necessity, not a convenience. 句子的主语: people 句子的谓语: begin to realize Who所引导的定语从句修饰句子的主语People，而that引导了一个宾语从句。“the ability to phone”动词不定式to phone做定语修饰the ability, 打电话的能力。 4The speed and rapidity with which the personal communications revolution takes place is, unlike fixed transmission systems, highly dependent on technology and communication standards. with which引导定语从句修饰句子主语The speed and rapidity，speed 和 rapidity意思一样都表示速度。　 unlike fixed transmission systems是插入语成分。 take place： 发生 be dependent on：depend on，依靠，依赖。 5.For mobile the three key elements to achieving service take-up are the cost, the size and the weight of the phone, and the cost and quality of the link.3 句子的主语: the three key elements to achieving service take-up译为取得业务腾飞的三个关键因素，to是介词，所以后面接的是动名词achieving.　are后面是三个并列的成分作表语。 6. If any of these are wrong, especially the first two, then market growth is liable to be severely restricted. 分析： liable 是一个形容词，意思是易于。 　eg: He is liable to shout when angry. She is liable to bad colds. severely: -adv. 严重地, 严厉地 7. The fixed telephone service is global and the interconnection varies from coaxial cable to optical fibre and satellite. Vary from …to …使变化, 在......范围内变化。 eg: Her health varies from good to rather weak. 8.The national standards are different, but with common interfaces and interface conversion, interconnection can take place. 本句可译为:虽然各国标准不同，但却采用共同的接口和接口转换装置，使得相互连接可以进行。 此句采用了增词法，也就是在翻译时按意义上或修辞上以及句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。 9. For mobile the problem is far more complex, with the need to roam creating a need for complex networks and systems. far more complex在比较级more前加 far表程度，很，比…得多，译为：要复杂得多。with the need to roam creating a need for complex networks and systems.是分词的独立结构，由介词with引出。 eg. With the tree growing tall, we get more shade., With him well taken care of, we felt quite relieved. 10. In addition, there is also the vexed question of spectrum allocation in the mobile area. in addition(to): 此外, 除…以外 vexed question：颇受争议的问题，难题 11. The history of mobility can split into generations. split into: divide into separate parts. 分开,分离 12.The first generation systems were the advanced mobile phone systems (AMPS) in the US, total access communication system (TACS) in most of Europe and Nordic mobile telephone system (NMT); which were all analogue systems. Nordic –adj.北欧的, 北欧人的. –n.北欧人 which引导的定语从句修饰前面的句子，可译为这些（AMPS, TACS，ＮＭＴ）都是模拟系统。 13.The second generation is vary much dominated by the standard first set out in Europe by the group special mobile (GSM) committee, which was designed as a global mobile communication system dominate: -vt. have a commanding influence over 支配,管理 GSM也被称之为欧洲特别移动小组委员会,它取了 group special mobile三个单词的首字母。 本句中两次出现了介词by，第一个by意思是according to 根据，依照; 第二个by 引导被动语态的动作执行者。 set out: 制定；开始做…,着手;出发. which引导的定语从句修饰前面句子中的standard。 14.?The GSM system is based on a cellular communications principle which was first proposed as a concept in the 1940s by Bell System engineers in the US. be based on:以…为基础,以..为根据。 which引导的定语从句修饰a cellular communications principle。翻译时,注意将句子拆分为两个并列句。 译文：GSM系统基于蜂窝通信系统原则。这一概念是由美国贝尔系统工程师在40年代首先提出来的。 propose : put forward 提出，提议。 as作介词用，表示作为… 15.The idea came out of the need to increase network capacity and got round the fact that broadcast mobile networks, operating in densely populated areas, could be jammed by a very small number of simultaneous calls. come out of：出自于…,从…中出来 get round ：规避,克服。 that 引出定语从句修饰fact ，operating in densely populated areas现在分词短语对前面的定语从句的主语broadcast mobile networks作进一步的说明。 densely populated areas 人口密集的地区 a very small number of：很少量的，极少数的 16. Frequency reuse comes into play by using radio channels on the same frequency in coverage areas that are far enough apart not to cause co-channel interference come into play：起作用 by ：以…的方式，采用 that are far enough apart not to cause co-channel interference定语从句修饰coverage areas not to cause co-channel interference这个含否定意义的不定式短语作状语。 译文：在相邻覆盖区域相隔足够远而不至于引起共用信道干扰的，通过使用同一频率的无线信道、频率再利用才起作用。 17. Cell splitting is necessary when the traffic demand on a cell has reached the maximum and the cell is then divided into a micro-cellular system. When引导时间状语从句 traffic:(电话的) 通话量, divide into: separate into parts(使)分割;分切 Divide this line into 20equal parts. 18. The shape of cell in a cellular system is always depicted as a hexagon and the cluster size can be seven, nine or twelve. depict: -vt. represent, describe 描写, 描绘,表达 cluster: -n. group (人,动物等的)群,团 eg. a cluster of people 19. The GSM system requires a number of functions to be created for a fully operational mobile system. a number of: some一些,许多 create: bring into existence,创造,创立 20. ?The cell coverage area is controlled by a base station which is itself made up of two elements. be made up of: 由…组成, 由…构成 itself: 反身代词, 用来加强语气, 表示“它本身” 21 …which communicates out to the mobile and also receives information from it to set up and maintain calls when actually in operation. set up:建立,成立 eg. The new government was set up after the war. maintain: to continue to have, do.维持,保持 为了让译文更为流利本句可以把原文中两个动宾搭配 communicates out to the mobile and also receives information from it 译为与移动台进行通信 22.---the essential link to the local public switched telephone network (PSTN), and to the subscriber data which is stored in registers within the system. essential: -adj. 基本的, 不可缺少的 本句在翻译中为了使译文通顺采用了增词法, 增加动词。 这条通信链路，对于MSC与本地公共交换电话网(PSTN)的链接以及连接存储在系统寄存器中的用户数据来说，都十分重要。 23. The GSM system was allocated part of the 900 MHz band at the 1978 World Administration Conference (WAC)… at the 1978 World Administration Conference: 1978年的世界管理会议 …the actual bands being 890 to 915 MHz for the uplink transmission and 935 to 960 MHz for the downlink. 此句为分词的独立结构形式,对前面的主句作进一步的说明。 独立结构由“名词/代词+V-ing或 V-ed”构成，一般用作句子的状语，表示时间、原因、伴随、方式等。 Class being over, the children went home.(表时间) They had many talks with the native, the guide acting as interpreter.(表伴随) 24. ?The GSM system operates in a burst transmission mode with 124 radio channels in the 900 MHz band, and these bursts can carry different types of information. 此句在翻译时注意将其拆分。译文： GSM系统以突发脉冲序列传输方式工作。在900 MHz频带有124个无线信道，这些突发脉冲序列可以传送不同的信息。 25. These two forms of transmission are the useful parts of the transmission, but have to be supported by overhead information which is sent in control channels (CCH). which引导定语从句,修饰overhead information, 在翻译时,可将句子译成并列分句。译文：这两类信息是传输信息的有用部分，但是传输还必须得到额外开销信息的支持，开销信息通过控制信道传输。 26. The use of digital radio transmission and the advanced handover algorithms between radio cells in GSM network allows for significantly better frequency usage than in analogue cellular systems, thus increasing the number of subscribers that can be served.. 句子的主语:The use of digital radio transmission and the advanced handover algorithms between radio cells in GSM network. GSM网络使用数字无线传输和先进的无线越区切换算法 句子的谓语allows for: provide for，to make possible for使得以 thus increasing the number of subscribers that can be served.分词短语表示伴随状况 27. The GSM technical specifications are designed to work in concert with other standards, e. g. ISDN. in concert : in agreement一致,共同 eg. The various government decided to act in concert over this matter. 28．In the long term perspective cellular systems, using a digital technology, will become the universal method of telecommunication. perspective: view, 远景; in the long term perspective展望未来 分词短语using a digital technology修饰主语cellular systems。 29.?The third generation mobile communication system currently being developed9 in Europe is intended to integrate all the different services of second generation systems and cover a much wider range of broadband services (voice, data, video and multimedia) consistent and compatible with technology developments taking place within the fixed telecommunication networks. 句子的主语：The third generation mobile communication system being developed作后置定语修饰主语。 intend to：to plan, to mean to do打算 much wider：宽得多的 consistent(with) :一致的，一贯的; compatible(with): 和谐共处,相容 consistent and compatible定语后置修饰broadband service。 本句句子较长,在翻译的时候注意对句子进行拆分, 使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。目前在欧洲正在开发第三代移动通信系统，其目的是要综合第二代系统的所有不同业务并覆盖更广泛的业务(话音、数据、视频、多媒体)范围，而且还要与固定电信网络的技术发展保持一致和兼容。 30.与本单元有关的电信术语或用语: .total access communication system 全接入的通信系统 global mobile communication system 全球移动通信 time division multiple access 时分多址 facsimile and short message service 传真和短消息服务 fixed communication networks 固定通信网络 coaxial cable 同轴电缆 interface conversion 接口转换 cellular communication principle 蜂窝通信原理 frequency reuse and cell splitting 频率再用和蜂窝裂变 cochannel interference共信道干扰 base station transceiver 机站收发信机 subscriber register用户寄存器 burst transmission mode突发脉冲传输模式 overhead information 开销信息 technical specifications 技术规范 personal communications 个人通信 communication standards 通信标准 fixed telephone service 固定电话业务 network capacity 网络容量 mobile switching center 移动交换中心 international roaming 国际漫游 broadband service 宽带业务 frequency allocation 频谱分配 analogue mode 模拟方式 billing function 收费功能 handover algorithms 切换算法 IV. Post-reading Activities 1. Review the important expressions , phrases, sentences and translation skills learnt in the study of the text 2. Guide students through some exercises in class. V. Further Development of the Theme-related Specialized Knowledge http://tech.sina.com.cn/t/2006-02-15/0811841277.shtml http://tech.sina.com.cn/other/2004-07-08/1516385072.shtml VI.Assignments Do Exercises 3-5 on page from 121 to 124 2. Preview Unit 11 3 mins 5mins 60mins 20mins 1min 1min computer， projector， loud speaker blackboard， r