Teaching Plan Lecturer Ji Hong Course English for Telecommunications Lesson Number 15(Unit 15)  Time  Grade  Teaching Mode Lecturing  Content The Integrated Services Digital Network. Class Hours 2 Periods  Teaching Objectives to know The Integrated Services Digital Network. to understand the construction of The Integrated Services Digital Network. to master some important new words and passive voice.  Focal & Difficult Points Focal Points：1. Important new words, phrases and their usages, especially the theme-related telecom terms and expressions in the text;. 2. Organization of the text; 3. Translation training. Difficult Points：1. Detailed analysis of difficult sentences in the text.;2. Prefix: mega-; trans- 3. Passive Voice.  Teaching Methods Applied Ways of lecturing, multimedia demonstration and speech interacting are applied to achieve the most understanding of the text intended.  Discussion, Exercises and Assignments Discussion：The advantages of ISDN. Exercises：共5道题 Assignments： 1. to finish Exercises 3-5 on between page 179 and 181. 2. to preview unit 16.  Bibliography Zhang Daozhen,ed.Practical English Grammar (the 3rd Revision).Shanghai: the Commercial Press,1992 Shanghai Translation Publishing House,ed.New English-Chinese Dictionary. Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Publishing House,1988. Posts and Telecom Press,ed. English-Chinese Telecommunications Technology Dictionary.Beijing: Posts and Telecom Press,1997 Zhang Xiaohua and Shi Fangwen,ed.English for Telecommunications (the 4th Version).Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2004 Xu Xiulan.English for Computers and Telecommunications (the 3rd Revision) .Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2004   Teaching Content Contents Time Teaching Apparatuses  I. Revision 上节课主要学习了第14单元关于The Public Telecommunications Network的知识。 Teacher uses the following exercises to help the students to revise the important expressions or phrases learnt last time. Teacher: When I say a phrase or an expression in Chinese, you respond by giving an English equivalent you learnt in unit 14. Teacher (Chinese) Student (English) 公众信息网 public telecommunications network 外部呼叫 external call 收费中心 toll center 电话用户 telephone subscriber 音频电路 voice- frequency circuit 路由 route 双绞线 twisted pair 数据流量 data traffic II. Pre-reading Activities Brief introduction about ISDN. 1.What is ISDN? ISDN, which stands for Integrated Services Digital Network, is a system of digital phone connections which has been available for over a decade. This system allows voice and data to be transmitted simultaneously across the world using end-to-end digital connectivity. 2. The features of ISDN. ISDN allows multiple devices to share a single line. It is possible to combine many different digital data sources and have the information routed to the proper destination. Since the line is digital, it is easier to keep the noise and interference out while combining these signals. ISDN technically refers to a specific set of digital services provided through a single, standard interface. Without ISDN, distinct interfaces are required instead III. While-reading Activities i. New Words And Phrases Students read the new words and phrases aloud one by one after teacher.( 3 minutes) ii. Text organization 1. Ss read the text and point out the main idea of the text. The main idea: The text mainly discusses the importance, characteristics and development of ISDN. 2. Ss make an analysis of the organization of the text . The text may be divided into three major sections. Section 1 (Lines 1-7): It tells us that ISDN is the road map to the future for all forms of digital communications. Section 2 (Lines 8-60): The characteristics and growth of ISDN. Section 3 (Lions 61-62): ISDN will be the blueprint to the electronic communications system of the future. iii. Key language points 1. The integrated services digital network(ISDN) is the road map to the future for all forms of digital communications. Integrate: Vt. to combine things together使结合，使并入 Train and bus services have been well integrated. Integrated: adj. an integrated systems or institutions combines many different groups, ideas or parts in a way that works well. 过去分词修饰名词时反映动作的结果。(如下best kept trillion dollar secret) Digital: adj. using a system in which information is represented in the form of changing electrical signals. Digital computer / control (数控) / recording (数字式录音) Translation: 对各种形式的数字通信来说，综合业务数字网（ISDN）是未来的发展方向 2. Dictate: Vt. to control or influence ; determine 支配，命令 Funds dictate what we can do. Can they dictate how the money will be spent? 3. ISDN is, therefore, a mega-telecommunication issue and as such, it is probably the world’s best kept trillion dollar secret. Mega: prefix, 1) a million times a particular unit of something. Megahertz (兆赫), megabyte, megawatt 2)great, very large Megaphone(扩音器)， megastar (superstar) 4.Enormous: extremely large in size or in amount 巨大的 The amount of data involved is enormous. 5. This new prominence does not mean that the idea is new. Prominence: the fact of being important and well- known 显著 Gandhi first came to prominence in South Africa in 1920s. Construction: 主语：This new prominence 谓语：does not mean 宾语：the idea is new ( 句子充当宾语，是由that引导的宾语从句) Eg. Early studies suggested that digital services offered significant advantages. 6. public switched telephone network 公共交换电话网 Switch: 1) n. device for completing or breaking an electric circuit Please press the on / off switch. A two-way switch ,eg at the top and the bottom of a stair 双路开关（楼梯上下均可控制） 2) n/ v， shift or change A switch from gas to electric 由使用煤气改为电气 Can you switch the TV over? 3) v. to connect or disconnect electricity Switch on / off Switch on / off the gas / power at the mains Switchboard n. 电话交换台，总机 7.The first characteristic is achieved when a signal is digitally encoded to overcome degradation due to the transmission medium. due to: cause by sth/ sb, because of sb/ sth The team’s success was largely due to her efforts. transmission: n.传播，传输 A break in transmission due to a technical fault. Prefix: trans -, across, beyond Transmit v. 传输, transit v. 运载， transaction n. 处理， Transfer v. 转移， translate v. 翻译 8. Early studies suggested that digital services offered significant advantages since a substantial quantity of interface equipment in the telephone exchange could be eliminated. Substantial: large enough in amount to be noticeable 大量的 The document requires substantial changes. Construction: 主语：early studies 谓语：suggested 宾语：that digital services offered significant advantages 状语：由since引导的a substantial quantity of interface equipment in the telephone exchange could be eliminated. Translation: 至于经济性，早期的研究表明由于数字业务可能避免在电话交换中使用大量的接口设备，因而具有重要的经济优势。 9.refer to: mention, speak of sth / sb Don’t refer to that matter again, please. 10. It also used the idea of a totally open network with universally available and standardized “ports” that can plug in everywhere. plug: v. to connect a piece of electrical equipment to the main supply of electricity, or to another electrical equipment I don’t think the antenna is plugged in right. n. a thing used for connecting a piece of electrical equipment to the main supply of electricity a two- pin plug, a three-pin plug Put the plug in the socket, please. Construction: 句中with universally available and standardized “ports”是介词短语，修饰network,起定语作用. that can plug in everywhere是个定语从句，修饰“ports”. Translation: 它也指一个完全开放的网络，并具有普遍适用的标准化的接口，而这个接口可在任何地方插接。 翻译方法：分句法（将原来的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子） Sometimes Mrs. Cross would be walking around in the big kitchen watching him eat. 有时候，克罗斯太太会一面在大厨房里踱来踱去，一面看他吃饭。 11. Similarly, the introduction of voice encoding techniques using pulse code modulation contributed to the concept’s evolution. Using pulse code modulation: 由现在分词短语作定语，修饰techniques Pulse: n. signal vibration of sound, light, electric current etc. The machine emits sound pulses. 发出声脉冲信号。 The machine is operated by an electric pulse.由脉冲信号控制。 Translation: 同样,使用脉码调制的话音编码技术也对这一概念的发展起了作用. 12. base sth on/ upon sth: use sth as ground This novel is based on historical facts. 13. access: v. to get information from or put information into She accessed three different files to find the correct information. 她存取了三个不同的文件以找到所有的信息。 14. constitute of: make up or form The committee is constituted of 23 members. 15. Currently PSTN, available in almost 200 countries and territories around the world, offers universal voice access to almost 750 million telephones around the world. Construction: 主语：PSTN 谓语：offers 宾语：universal voice 句中available in almost 200 countries and territories around the world 是形容词短语，修饰PSTN(公共电话交换网)，可译为“在世界上将近200多个国家和地区运行的PSTN”. Translation: 目前，几乎近200个国家和地区的PSTN向全世界七亿五千万部电话提供广泛的话音通路。 16.The primary emphasis, however, has been the enhancement of services rather than a simple replacement of existing equipment. 句中的however用以加强语气 .rather than … 意为:(而)不是…. 17. Analogue: sth that is similar to sth else 模拟物 Analogue computer: a computer that calculate things by measuring changing quantities such as voltage rather than using a binary system of counting.(二进制运算) 用物理量如电压，重量，长度等来表示数量的计算机。 18. a lot of issues will have to be revolved. Have to be revoved: 必须被解决；必须加以解决. 19. of necessity: ( of + n. ----- adj.) necessary必然地，不可避免地. Eg. Of importance ----- important Of help ------- helpful 20. Passive Voice: 由助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词构成，be有人称和时态的变化。 1) am/ is/ are + done: The first characteristic is achieved when a signal is digitally encoded to overcome degradation due to the transmission medium. 为克服由于传输媒介引起的失真而对信号进行的数字编码，表现出了第一个特点。 2) was / were + done: The ISDN concept was born in the mid 1960s as a part of the progressive application of digital technology in public switched telephone networks. 60年代中期，作为在公共交换电话网（PSTN）中逐步应用数字技术的一部分，产生了ISDN这一概念。 3) be being done: ISDN’s enormous importance is only gradually being understood. ISDN的极其重要性只是逐渐被认识到的。 4) have / has been done: Years of work have been carried out by the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee. 国际电报电话咨询委员会（CCITT）和国际标准化组织(ISO)为此进行了数年的研究工作。 5) will be done: Many planners believe that the transition from experimental ISDN technology to operational system will be convincingly made in the next few years. 许多规划人员认为，在随后几年中，从实验性的ISDN技术向实用系统的过渡会令人信服地完成。 翻译法：被动语态的翻译 1. 译成汉语主动句. 1） 原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语： The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天以内全国武装起来了。 2） 原文中的主语在译文中作宾语： Mr. Billings cannot be deterred from his plan. 人们不能阻止比林斯先生实行他的计划。 3）译成带表语的主动句。 The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易做出的。 2. 译成汉语被动句。 1） “被……”： Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. 我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。 2）“受……”： They were given a hearty welcome. 他们受到热烈欢迎。 3. 译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句： The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火把/使这著名旅馆几乎全部毁灭。 IV. Post-reading Activities 1. Review the important expressions , phrases, sentences and translation skills learnt in the study of the text. 2. Guide students through some exercises in class. V. Further Development of the Theme-related Specialized Knowledge ISDN一线通 http://www.kaifaqu.net/isdn/ VI. Assignments 1. Finish the exercises 3-5 between page 179 and 181. 2. Preview unit 16. 3 mins 3 mins 60 mins 2mins 4 mins 1 mins computer， projector， loud speaker， audio-visual language teaching system， blackboard， recorder， DVD， radio， hanging chart， model.