Unit 8
The Development of
Paging System
四川邮电职业技术学院 2
Contents
? Revision
? Pre-reading Activities
? While-reading Activities
?New words and phrases
?Text organization
? Text and translation
? Post-reading Activities
? Further Development of the Theme-related
Specialized Knowledge
? Assignments
? 浅谈英语长句的翻译
四川邮电职业技术学院 3
Revision
?上节课主要学习了第 7单元关于 WDM的知识。
?Please tell me the important new words
related to WDM and what’s the main idea of
the text,
返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 4
Pre-reading Activities
?在日常生活中，通信方式主要有哪些呢？
?它们各有什么特点呢？
?本次课将给大家讲 paging system有关方面的知
识
返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 5
While-reading Activities / New
words and phrases
?Advantage n,advantage over somebody
?He has the advantage of a steady job,
?(idiom),have the advantage of somebody 比
别人强，占上风
?Take advantage of something /somebody
?Essential adj,essential (to /for something)
necessary,indispensable
?Is money essential to happiness?
下 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 6
While-reading Activities / New
words and phrases
?It’s essential that you attend all the meeting
?perpetual adj,permanent 永久的
?instantaneous adj,happening or done
immediately 瞬时的
?e.g,Death was instantaneous,
?unquestionable,adj,beyond doubt,certain
不用怀疑的；
?e.g,His honest is unquestionable,
?Oblige,v,(usu,Passive) compel or require
by law,agreement or moral pressure to do
something 强迫 下 一 页
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While-reading Activities / New
words and phrases
?e.g,The law obliged parents to send their
children to school,
?Compensate,v,compensate something to
somebody 补偿
? Compensate somebody for something,give
somebody something good to balance or
lessen the bad effect of damage,loss,injury
etc,
?Nothing can compensate for the loss of
one’s health,
?Compensation n,
上 一 页 返 回
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While-reading Activities / Text
organization
?step 1:Ask students to preview the text
for several minutes,
?Step 2:Let students discuss the
communication approaches in the past
and nowadays,
?Step 3:Analyze the language points in
the text,
?Language points
返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 9
Text and translation
?The Development of Paging System(1)
翻 译 下 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 10
Text and translation
?Any communication system which can
provide customers with means to
communicate from any place,at any time
and at any distance gives social and
economic advantages（ 2）, This capability
does not exist in many parts of the world,
Assuming that it existed,such a system
would be limited by the availability of the
called person,This person may not be close
to his telephone when he/she is called,
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
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Text and translation
?Urgent communications (police,firemen,
hospitals,etc.) which could not be
established because of no reply at one end
of the link could have dramatic
consequences if the delay in response is too
long or if the call remain unanswered (3), It is
therefore essential to provide the person
with means to communicate,
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
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Text and translation
?The operation of a communication network
needs,for this reason,to be complemented
by a messaging system (one-way or two-way)
which can offer either an additional facility
in the case of a sophisticated network or a
primary communication means when the
wired and mobile telephone network are
embryonic and do not cover a whole
territory(4),
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
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Text and translation
?Paging solutions to the above
communication situations were introduced
in the first half of this century by means of
simple optical and acoustical signaling
devices installed on the premises of
enterprises,hospitals,offices,etc(5),The
operator of a local telephone switchboard
had an option to transmit an optical or
acoustical signal for the searched person
over a wired network,
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
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Text and translation
?Such a signal meant that the person
concerned had to call the switchboard
operator immediately for instructions from
the closest telephone(6),
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
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Text and translation
?Installations of this kind were quite common
and were appreciated for their cost
efficiency in particular when installed in a
restricted area,Thus was born a new,but
perpetually developing paging service
defined as a one-way selective signaling
system without speech and designed as an
extension of the telephone network(7),
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
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Text and translation
? The unquestionable success of the first
generation of paging systems using wired
networks with signaling devices was
followed in the early 1950s by technological
progress in the miniaturization of electronic
circuitry(8),This resulted in the explosion of
many new types of paging systems using
wireless transmission(9),
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
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Text and translation
? The advantages of wireless paging were
obvious,the possibility to create almost
instantaneously a service area of
considerable size,no complex infrastructure,
and installing one or only a few dedicated
radio transmitters connected to the
responsible switchboard,
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
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Text and translation
? In the wireless system,the miniature radio
receiver responds by beeping only to its
unique code until recognition of reception
takes place,Today,certain models of pagers
are even equipped with a display capability
of providing optical messages consisting of
10 to 80 characters,and thus substantially
increasing the efficiency of the system,
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
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Text and translation
?Paging systems using radio transmitters
dedicated to this service remain currently in
use mainly for service areas not exceeding a
few kilometers(10),Large service areas for
several city agglomerations or a whole
country are at present covered by means of
dedicated radio networks operating in
accordance with specific standards(11),
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
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Text and translation
?Being a tributary of terrestrial networks,
today's paging systems cannot achieve the
global coverage for countries with large
territories and for many developing
countries lacking means of the operations of
global networks(12),In addition,they
continue to be only one-way communication,
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 21
Text and translation
?To obtain a two-way system would require the
use of portable mobile telephones,such as
terrestrial cellular packet radio systems,
which are presently gaining popularity in
networks(13),However,the same terrestrial
limitation will remain,and furthermore,the
high cost of such voice communication,
including terminal equipment and fees,will
prevent access of many people to this service,
Paging allows substantially lower overall cost
of operation than for mobile radio telephone,
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
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Text and translation
?The next qualitative step in the evolution of
paging is likely to be the use of satellites to
increase the service area to global
coverage(14),The coverage extends to one
third of the Earth's surface with one satellite,
and with three to five geo-stationary
satellites,a quasi-global coverage is
achieved with the exception of polar
regions(15),
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
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Text and translation
?However,the geo-stationary satellite orbit
has a penalty in the high free space
transmission loss which must be
compensated primarily by the space station
antenna gain(16),This is necessary because
of the physical limitation of personal pocket
size radio equipment which uses antennas
with only 0 dB gain,
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
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Text and translation
? The present evolution of paging systems
indicates preference for LEO(17) systems in
VHF bands,because the high number of
satellites involved is no longer an
economically prohibitive factor,The
proximity of LEO to the Earth's surface will
require less complex satellites and simpler
user terminals than in the case of geo-
stationary orbit satellites,thereby
significantly reducing the cost of the space
and user segments(18),
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
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Text and translation
?与本单元课题有关的电信术语或用语 (19) 。
上 一 页 返 回
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Post-reading Activities
?i,Review the important expressions,
phrases,sentences and translation skills
learnt in the study of the text,
下 一 页
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Post-reading Activities
?ii,Guide students through some exercises
in class,
上 一 页 返 回
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Further Development of the Theme-
related Specialized Knowledge
?传呼技术的发展及应用,
?http://www.sta.net.cn/article/fenzu/fenzu.h
tml
?http://www.ddvip.com/netyl/Switch/index1
/21.htm
返 回
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Assignments
? Translate the following phrases into
English,
? Translate the following phrases into
Chinese,
? Fill in the blanks with proper answer,
? Choose the best answer according to the
text,
? Translate the following passage into
Chinese,
返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 30
本单元结束！
谢 谢！！
四川邮电职业技术学院 31
?以下幻灯片为翻译
四川邮电职业技术学院 32
Text and translation
?课文题目：寻呼系统的发展
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 33
Text and translation
?任何一种能在任何在地方、任何时间，在任意距
离内顾客提供通信的通信系统，都会产生社会及
经济的效益，而这种通信能力在世界上许多地方
并不存在。即使存在这样的系统，它也会由于能
否找到接话人而受到限制。接话人可能在别人给
打电话时不在电话附近。
课 文
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Text and translation
?由于线中另一端无回答而不能完成紧急通信（警
察、消防人员、医院等），如果延误时间太长或
一直没有回音，将会造成严重的后果，因此为这
种人提供通信手段是必不可少的。困而需用一种
寻呼系统（单向或双向）来完成通信网的运行。
寻呼系统可在复杂网络中提供一种辅肋的便利通
信方式，或者当有线和移动电话网络处于发展初
期，还不能覆盖整个地区时提供一种基本的通信
手段。
课 文
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Text and translation
?困而需用一种寻呼系统（单向或双向）来完成通
信网的运行。寻呼系统可在复杂网络中提供一种
辅肋的便利通信方式，或者当有线和移动电话网
络处于发展初期，还不能覆盖整个地区时提供一
种基本的通信手段。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 36
Text and translation
?用寻呼方法解决上述通信问题是在本世纪上半叶
开始的，它利用安装在企业、医院办公室等房屋
中的简单光信号和声音信号装置来完成寻呼。通
过有线网络，当地电话交换台的接线员可选择向
寻找的人发送光或声音信号。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 37
Text and translation
?这样的信号意味着有关人员必须立刻由最近的电
话向交换台回话以获得批示。
课 文
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Text and translation
?在一个有限的地区里，建立这种通信方式是很普
遍的，其成本效益也是很引人注目的。于是就产
生了一种新的、可无止境发展的寻呼服务，它被
定义为一种不用说话而具有单向选择的信号系统，
并作为电话网的扩充。
课 文
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Text and translation
?第一代寻呼系统，使用带有信号装置的有线网络，
无疑取得了很大的成功。接着，在 50年代初，由
于在电子电路小型化方面取得的技术进步，很快
产生了施工种用无线电传输的寻呼系统。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 40
Text and translation
?无线寻呼的优点是明显的：有可能马上建立起很
大的服务区（城市或农村），而不需要复杂的基
本设施，只须安装一台或几台与有关交换台相联
的专有无线发射机。在无线系统中，小型无线接
收机只对特有的代码发出嘟嘟声，直到识别接收
为止。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 41
Text and translation
?在无线系统中，小型无线接收机只对特有的代码
发出嘟嘟声，直到识别接收为止。今天，一些寻
呼机型甚至具有显示能力，能用光来显示 10～ 80
个符号组成的信息，这就大大提高了该系统的效
能。
课 文
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Text and translation
?目前使用的无线发射机寻呼系统，其主要服务区
不超过几千米，几个城市或整个国家的列大服务
区，现在通过符号特定标准的专用无线网络来覆
盖。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 43
Text and translation
?作为地面网络的辅助，今天的寻呼系统还不能为
地域广大的几个国家和那些尚无全球网络运支的
发展中国家提供全球覆盖。此外，它们仍只是单
向通信。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 44
Text and translation
?为得到双向通信，需要使用便携式移动电话，如
地面蜂窝状分组交换系统，目前是各种网络中受
欢迎的一种。然而它仍受地面情况的限制。再则，
这种话音通信的高成本，包括终端设备及收费，
使许多人不能享用这一服务。寻呼与移动无线电
话相比，整个运行成本降低很多。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 45
Text and translation
?寻呼系统发展的下一步必然是利用卫星以扩大全
球覆盖的服务区。用一颗同步卫星可覆盖三分之
一的地球表面，用三颗到五颗地球同步卫星可获
得除南、北极以外的准全球覆盖。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 46
Text and translation
?然而地球同步卫星轨道受到高空传输损耗方面的
限制，这些损耗首先须用空间站天线增益来补偿。
这种补偿是必要的，因为个人用便携式无线设备
使用的天线增益只有 0 dB。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 47
Text and translation
?目前寻呼系统发展方向是利用 VHF频段的 LEO系
统。因为发射很多的卫星已不再受经济因素的限
制。 LEO在地球表面附近，与地球同步轨道卫星
相比，要求不太复杂的卫星设备、较简单的用户
终端，因此会大大降低空间及用户的设备成本。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 48
?以下幻灯片为课文 Notes。
四川邮电职业技术学院 49
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?1.本篇课文涉及无线寻呼技术，题目可译为：寻
呼系统的发展。
四川邮电职业技术学院 50
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
? 2,Any communication system which can
provide customers with means to
communicate from any place,at any time
and at any distance gives social and
economic advantages,
?分析,which引导的是一个定语从名修饰
communication system.本句主语为
communication system，谓语是 gives,which
引出定语从句，用以修饰 communication
system.句中的 from any place,at any time和
at any distance 三个部分是并列的。
四川邮电职业技术学院 51
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?3,Urgent communications
(police,firemen,hospitals,etc.) which could
not be established because of no reply at
one end of the link could have dramatic
consequences if the delay in response is too
long or if the call remain unanswered),
?分析：本句谓语为 could have,which 引出定语
从句以修饰主语 Urgent communications.句中
的连词 or 连接两个由 if 引出的状语从句。
四川邮电职业技术学院 52
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?4.语句,(one-way or two-way) which can offer
either an additional facility in the case of a
sophisticated network or a primary
communication means when the wired and
mobile telephone network are embryonic and
do not cover a whole territory
?分析,offer somebody something ;offer
something to somebody
?in the case of 在 … 情况下
?in case of 假如 万一 后面跟名词或名词性词组
?in case 假如 万一 后面跟句子
?which 引导的定语从句 修饰 messaging system
?one-way two-way 单向或双向
四川邮电职业技术学院 53
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?5,Paging solutions to the above
communication situations were introduced
in the first half of this century by means of
simple optical and acoustical signaling
devices installed on the premises of
enterprises,hospitals,offices,etc,
?分析：主语是 paging solutions,谓语是 were
introduced,过去分词 installed作 devices的后
置定语。
四川邮电职业技术学院 54
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?6,Such a signal meant that the person
concerned had to call the switchboard
operator immediately for instructions from
the closest telephone,
?分析：主语是 developing paying service,过去
分词 defined,designed 修饰主语，本句因主语
太长了，为避免头重脚轻，故采用了倒装结构。
四川邮电职业技术学院 55
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?7,Thus was born a new,but perpetually
developing paging service defined as a one-
way selective signaling system without
speech and designed as an extension of the
telephone network,
?分析：本句主语是 developing paying service,
过去分词 defined,designed 修饰主语。本句因
主语太长了，为避免头重脚轻，故采用了倒装结
构。
四川邮电职业技术学院 56
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?8,The unquestionable success of the first
generation of paging systems using wired
networks with signaling devices was
followed in the early 1950s by technological
progress in the miniaturization of electronic
circuitry,
?分析：本句中 using wired networks 这一现在
分词短语作定语，相当于 which/that use wired
networks 。相同的用法还有本段的下一句，及
para4的 1st sentence,
四川邮电职业技术学院 57
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?9.语句,This resulted in the explosion of
many new types of paging systems using
wireless transmission
?分析,result in 导致 近义词组,lead to,give
rise to
四川邮电职业技术学院 58
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?10.语句,Paging systems using radio
transmitters dedicated to this service remain
currently in use mainly for service areas not
exceeding a few kilometers
?分析,using radio transmitters现在分词用作
定语修饰 Paging system
?not exceeding a few kilometers 现在分词短语
用作定语修饰 service areas
四川邮电职业技术学院 59
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?11.语句,Large service areas for several city
agglomerations or a whole country are at
present covered by means of dedicated
radio networks operating in accordance with
specific standards
?分析,by means of 通过 … 方式
?in accordance with 与 … 保持一致
?operating in accordance with specific
standards 在句中用作定语修饰 radio
networks
四川邮电职业技术学院 60
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
? 12.语句,Being a tributary of terrestrial networks,
today's paging systems cannot achieve the
global coverage for countries with large
territories and for many developing countries
lacking means of the operations of global
networks
?分析,Being a tributary of terrestrial networks 在
句中用作状语表方式 相当于 As it is a tributary of
terrestrial networks
? Lacking means of the operations of global
networks 在句中用作定语修饰 developing
countries
四川邮电职业技术学院 61
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?13,To obtain a two-way system would
require the use of portable mobile
telephones,such as terrestrial cellular
packet radio systems,which are presently
gaining popularity in networks(8),
?分析,which 引导一个非限定性定语从句，修饰
systems。句中 the use of portable mobile
telephones 意为“使用便携式移动电话”。这
种,n+ prep,+n.”的结构有动词的意义。
四川邮电职业技术学院 62
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?14.语句,The next qualitative step in the
evolution of paging is likely to be the use of
satellites to increase the service area to
global coverage
?分析,something is likely to be 有 … 的可能性
四川邮电职业技术学院 63
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?15.语句,The coverage extends to one third
of the Earth's surface with one satellite,and
with three to five geo-stationary satellites,a
quasi-global coverage is achieved with the
exception of polar regions
?分析,extends to 扩展到 geo-stationary
satellites 地球同步卫星
?a quasi-global coverage 准全球覆盖
?with the exception of 除 … 以外
四川邮电职业技术学院 64
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?16.语句,However,the geo-stationary
satellite orbit has a penalty in the high free
space transmission loss which must be
compensated primarily by the space station
antenna gain
?分析,antenna gain 无线增益
?Which 引导的定语从句修饰 the high free
space transmission loss
四川邮电职业技术学院 65
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?17.LEO
?分析,LEO是 Low Earth Orbit的缩写
四川邮电职业技术学院 66
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?18.语句,The proximity of LEO to the Earth's
surface will require less complex satellites
and simpler user terminals than in the case
of geo-stationary orbit satellites,thereby
significantly reducing the cost of the space
and user segments
?分析：句中的 less complex satellites and
simpler user terminals是 and连接的两个并列
的比较级
四川邮电职业技术学院 67
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?19.与本单元相关的电信短语及术语
?1) means to communicate 通信手段
?2) the operation of a communication network
通信网的运行
?3) the wired and mobile telephone network
有线和移动电话网
?4) optical and acoustical signaling devices
光信号和声音信号装置
下 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 68
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?5) the operator of a local telephone
switchboard
? 当地电话交换台的接线员
?6) the first generation of paging system 第一
代寻呼系统
?7) the technological progress 技术进
步
?8) the paging systems using wireless
transmission
?用无线电传输的寻呼系统 下 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 69
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?9) the dedicated radio receiver 专用无线接
收机
?10) social and economic advantages 社会及
经济效益
?11) the called person 被叫人
?12) the miniaturization of electronic circuitry
小型化电子电路
?13) cost efficiency 降低效率
下 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 70
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?14) the miniature radio receiver 小型无线接
收机
?15) display capability 显示能力
?16) global coverage 全球覆盖
?17) the space station antenna gain 空间站
无线增益
?18) geostationary orbit satellites 地球同步
卫星轨道
?19 user terminal 用户终端
上 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 71
20 浅谈英语长句的翻译
?通过一个例句的讲解让学生明白句子结构分析对
于准确翻译的重要性,结合文章中的定语从句让学
生进行实践,
?每一个人，作为社会的一个成员，有权享受其人
格和尊严的自由发展所必需的社会、经济、文化
权利，这些权利是通过国家努力和国际合作来实
现的，并且与所在国家的组织、资源、现状相一
致。
下 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 72
20 浅谈英语长句的翻译
对于这种比较复杂的中文句子，在正式翻译
成英文句子之前，应当按照它的含义，将它划分
成不同的部分，以便我们确定英文句子的结构。
我首先将这个中文句子划分成 6个部分，请特别
注意，第 4部分嵌套在第 3部分中间。
上 一 页 下 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 73
20 浅谈英语长句的翻译
?
▲①每一个人，②作为社会的一个成员，③
有权享受 [④ 其人格和尊严的自由发展所必需的 ]
社会、经济、文化权利，⑤这些权利是通过国家
努力和国际合作来实现的，⑥并且与所在国家的
组织、资源、现状相一致。
这样划分之后，我初步决定，将第 4,5,6
部分翻译成三个定语从句，用来修饰第 3部分的
最后一个单词 rights，请看,
上 一 页 下 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 74
20 浅谈英语长句的翻译
? ① Everyone
② as a member of society
③ is entitled to the social,economic and
cultural rights
④ necessary to the unrestrained
development of his/her personality and
dignity
⑤ which are realized through national
effort and international cooperation and
concordant with the organization,resources
and situation of each country,
上 一 页 下 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 75
20 浅谈英语长句的翻译
?最后，将这 5个部分组合起来，就是这个中文句
子的英文译文。
Everyone,as a member of society,is
entitled to the social,economic and cultural
rights necessary to the unrestrained
development of his/her personality and
dignity,which are realized through national
effort and international cooperation and
concordant with the organization,resources
and situation of each country,
上 一 页
The Development of
Paging System
四川邮电职业技术学院 2
Contents
? Revision
? Pre-reading Activities
? While-reading Activities
?New words and phrases
?Text organization
? Text and translation
? Post-reading Activities
? Further Development of the Theme-related
Specialized Knowledge
? Assignments
? 浅谈英语长句的翻译
四川邮电职业技术学院 3
Revision
?上节课主要学习了第 7单元关于 WDM的知识。
?Please tell me the important new words
related to WDM and what’s the main idea of
the text,
返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 4
Pre-reading Activities
?在日常生活中，通信方式主要有哪些呢？
?它们各有什么特点呢？
?本次课将给大家讲 paging system有关方面的知
识
返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 5
While-reading Activities / New
words and phrases
?Advantage n,advantage over somebody
?He has the advantage of a steady job,
?(idiom),have the advantage of somebody 比
别人强，占上风
?Take advantage of something /somebody
?Essential adj,essential (to /for something)
necessary,indispensable
?Is money essential to happiness?
下 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 6
While-reading Activities / New
words and phrases
?It’s essential that you attend all the meeting
?perpetual adj,permanent 永久的
?instantaneous adj,happening or done
immediately 瞬时的
?e.g,Death was instantaneous,
?unquestionable,adj,beyond doubt,certain
不用怀疑的；
?e.g,His honest is unquestionable,
?Oblige,v,(usu,Passive) compel or require
by law,agreement or moral pressure to do
something 强迫 下 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 7
While-reading Activities / New
words and phrases
?e.g,The law obliged parents to send their
children to school,
?Compensate,v,compensate something to
somebody 补偿
? Compensate somebody for something,give
somebody something good to balance or
lessen the bad effect of damage,loss,injury
etc,
?Nothing can compensate for the loss of
one’s health,
?Compensation n,
上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 8
While-reading Activities / Text
organization
?step 1:Ask students to preview the text
for several minutes,
?Step 2:Let students discuss the
communication approaches in the past
and nowadays,
?Step 3:Analyze the language points in
the text,
?Language points
返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 9
Text and translation
?The Development of Paging System(1)
翻 译 下 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 10
Text and translation
?Any communication system which can
provide customers with means to
communicate from any place,at any time
and at any distance gives social and
economic advantages（ 2）, This capability
does not exist in many parts of the world,
Assuming that it existed,such a system
would be limited by the availability of the
called person,This person may not be close
to his telephone when he/she is called,
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 11
Text and translation
?Urgent communications (police,firemen,
hospitals,etc.) which could not be
established because of no reply at one end
of the link could have dramatic
consequences if the delay in response is too
long or if the call remain unanswered (3), It is
therefore essential to provide the person
with means to communicate,
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 12
Text and translation
?The operation of a communication network
needs,for this reason,to be complemented
by a messaging system (one-way or two-way)
which can offer either an additional facility
in the case of a sophisticated network or a
primary communication means when the
wired and mobile telephone network are
embryonic and do not cover a whole
territory(4),
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 13
Text and translation
?Paging solutions to the above
communication situations were introduced
in the first half of this century by means of
simple optical and acoustical signaling
devices installed on the premises of
enterprises,hospitals,offices,etc(5),The
operator of a local telephone switchboard
had an option to transmit an optical or
acoustical signal for the searched person
over a wired network,
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 14
Text and translation
?Such a signal meant that the person
concerned had to call the switchboard
operator immediately for instructions from
the closest telephone(6),
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 15
Text and translation
?Installations of this kind were quite common
and were appreciated for their cost
efficiency in particular when installed in a
restricted area,Thus was born a new,but
perpetually developing paging service
defined as a one-way selective signaling
system without speech and designed as an
extension of the telephone network(7),
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 16
Text and translation
? The unquestionable success of the first
generation of paging systems using wired
networks with signaling devices was
followed in the early 1950s by technological
progress in the miniaturization of electronic
circuitry(8),This resulted in the explosion of
many new types of paging systems using
wireless transmission(9),
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 17
Text and translation
? The advantages of wireless paging were
obvious,the possibility to create almost
instantaneously a service area of
considerable size,no complex infrastructure,
and installing one or only a few dedicated
radio transmitters connected to the
responsible switchboard,
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 18
Text and translation
? In the wireless system,the miniature radio
receiver responds by beeping only to its
unique code until recognition of reception
takes place,Today,certain models of pagers
are even equipped with a display capability
of providing optical messages consisting of
10 to 80 characters,and thus substantially
increasing the efficiency of the system,
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 19
Text and translation
?Paging systems using radio transmitters
dedicated to this service remain currently in
use mainly for service areas not exceeding a
few kilometers(10),Large service areas for
several city agglomerations or a whole
country are at present covered by means of
dedicated radio networks operating in
accordance with specific standards(11),
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 20
Text and translation
?Being a tributary of terrestrial networks,
today's paging systems cannot achieve the
global coverage for countries with large
territories and for many developing
countries lacking means of the operations of
global networks(12),In addition,they
continue to be only one-way communication,
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 21
Text and translation
?To obtain a two-way system would require the
use of portable mobile telephones,such as
terrestrial cellular packet radio systems,
which are presently gaining popularity in
networks(13),However,the same terrestrial
limitation will remain,and furthermore,the
high cost of such voice communication,
including terminal equipment and fees,will
prevent access of many people to this service,
Paging allows substantially lower overall cost
of operation than for mobile radio telephone,
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 22
Text and translation
?The next qualitative step in the evolution of
paging is likely to be the use of satellites to
increase the service area to global
coverage(14),The coverage extends to one
third of the Earth's surface with one satellite,
and with three to five geo-stationary
satellites,a quasi-global coverage is
achieved with the exception of polar
regions(15),
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 23
Text and translation
?However,the geo-stationary satellite orbit
has a penalty in the high free space
transmission loss which must be
compensated primarily by the space station
antenna gain(16),This is necessary because
of the physical limitation of personal pocket
size radio equipment which uses antennas
with only 0 dB gain,
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 24
Text and translation
? The present evolution of paging systems
indicates preference for LEO(17) systems in
VHF bands,because the high number of
satellites involved is no longer an
economically prohibitive factor,The
proximity of LEO to the Earth's surface will
require less complex satellites and simpler
user terminals than in the case of geo-
stationary orbit satellites,thereby
significantly reducing the cost of the space
and user segments(18),
翻 译 下 一 页 上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 25
Text and translation
?与本单元课题有关的电信术语或用语 (19) 。
上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 26
Post-reading Activities
?i,Review the important expressions,
phrases,sentences and translation skills
learnt in the study of the text,
下 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 27
Post-reading Activities
?ii,Guide students through some exercises
in class,
上 一 页 返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 28
Further Development of the Theme-
related Specialized Knowledge
?传呼技术的发展及应用,
?http://www.sta.net.cn/article/fenzu/fenzu.h
tml
?http://www.ddvip.com/netyl/Switch/index1
/21.htm
返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 29
Assignments
? Translate the following phrases into
English,
? Translate the following phrases into
Chinese,
? Fill in the blanks with proper answer,
? Choose the best answer according to the
text,
? Translate the following passage into
Chinese,
返 回
四川邮电职业技术学院 30
本单元结束！
谢 谢！！
四川邮电职业技术学院 31
?以下幻灯片为翻译
四川邮电职业技术学院 32
Text and translation
?课文题目：寻呼系统的发展
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 33
Text and translation
?任何一种能在任何在地方、任何时间，在任意距
离内顾客提供通信的通信系统，都会产生社会及
经济的效益，而这种通信能力在世界上许多地方
并不存在。即使存在这样的系统，它也会由于能
否找到接话人而受到限制。接话人可能在别人给
打电话时不在电话附近。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 34
Text and translation
?由于线中另一端无回答而不能完成紧急通信（警
察、消防人员、医院等），如果延误时间太长或
一直没有回音，将会造成严重的后果，因此为这
种人提供通信手段是必不可少的。困而需用一种
寻呼系统（单向或双向）来完成通信网的运行。
寻呼系统可在复杂网络中提供一种辅肋的便利通
信方式，或者当有线和移动电话网络处于发展初
期，还不能覆盖整个地区时提供一种基本的通信
手段。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 35
Text and translation
?困而需用一种寻呼系统（单向或双向）来完成通
信网的运行。寻呼系统可在复杂网络中提供一种
辅肋的便利通信方式，或者当有线和移动电话网
络处于发展初期，还不能覆盖整个地区时提供一
种基本的通信手段。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 36
Text and translation
?用寻呼方法解决上述通信问题是在本世纪上半叶
开始的，它利用安装在企业、医院办公室等房屋
中的简单光信号和声音信号装置来完成寻呼。通
过有线网络，当地电话交换台的接线员可选择向
寻找的人发送光或声音信号。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 37
Text and translation
?这样的信号意味着有关人员必须立刻由最近的电
话向交换台回话以获得批示。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 38
Text and translation
?在一个有限的地区里，建立这种通信方式是很普
遍的，其成本效益也是很引人注目的。于是就产
生了一种新的、可无止境发展的寻呼服务，它被
定义为一种不用说话而具有单向选择的信号系统，
并作为电话网的扩充。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 39
Text and translation
?第一代寻呼系统，使用带有信号装置的有线网络，
无疑取得了很大的成功。接着，在 50年代初，由
于在电子电路小型化方面取得的技术进步，很快
产生了施工种用无线电传输的寻呼系统。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 40
Text and translation
?无线寻呼的优点是明显的：有可能马上建立起很
大的服务区（城市或农村），而不需要复杂的基
本设施，只须安装一台或几台与有关交换台相联
的专有无线发射机。在无线系统中，小型无线接
收机只对特有的代码发出嘟嘟声，直到识别接收
为止。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 41
Text and translation
?在无线系统中，小型无线接收机只对特有的代码
发出嘟嘟声，直到识别接收为止。今天，一些寻
呼机型甚至具有显示能力，能用光来显示 10～ 80
个符号组成的信息，这就大大提高了该系统的效
能。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 42
Text and translation
?目前使用的无线发射机寻呼系统，其主要服务区
不超过几千米，几个城市或整个国家的列大服务
区，现在通过符号特定标准的专用无线网络来覆
盖。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 43
Text and translation
?作为地面网络的辅助，今天的寻呼系统还不能为
地域广大的几个国家和那些尚无全球网络运支的
发展中国家提供全球覆盖。此外，它们仍只是单
向通信。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 44
Text and translation
?为得到双向通信，需要使用便携式移动电话，如
地面蜂窝状分组交换系统，目前是各种网络中受
欢迎的一种。然而它仍受地面情况的限制。再则，
这种话音通信的高成本，包括终端设备及收费，
使许多人不能享用这一服务。寻呼与移动无线电
话相比，整个运行成本降低很多。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 45
Text and translation
?寻呼系统发展的下一步必然是利用卫星以扩大全
球覆盖的服务区。用一颗同步卫星可覆盖三分之
一的地球表面，用三颗到五颗地球同步卫星可获
得除南、北极以外的准全球覆盖。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 46
Text and translation
?然而地球同步卫星轨道受到高空传输损耗方面的
限制，这些损耗首先须用空间站天线增益来补偿。
这种补偿是必要的，因为个人用便携式无线设备
使用的天线增益只有 0 dB。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 47
Text and translation
?目前寻呼系统发展方向是利用 VHF频段的 LEO系
统。因为发射很多的卫星已不再受经济因素的限
制。 LEO在地球表面附近，与地球同步轨道卫星
相比，要求不太复杂的卫星设备、较简单的用户
终端，因此会大大降低空间及用户的设备成本。
课 文
四川邮电职业技术学院 48
?以下幻灯片为课文 Notes。
四川邮电职业技术学院 49
While-reading Activities /
Key language points
?1.本篇课文涉及无线寻呼技术，题目可译为：寻
呼系统的发展。
四川邮电职业技术学院 50
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? 2,Any communication system which can
provide customers with means to
communicate from any place,at any time
and at any distance gives social and
economic advantages,
?分析,which引导的是一个定语从名修饰
communication system.本句主语为
communication system，谓语是 gives,which
引出定语从句，用以修饰 communication
system.句中的 from any place,at any time和
at any distance 三个部分是并列的。
四川邮电职业技术学院 51
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?3,Urgent communications
(police,firemen,hospitals,etc.) which could
not be established because of no reply at
one end of the link could have dramatic
consequences if the delay in response is too
long or if the call remain unanswered),
?分析：本句谓语为 could have,which 引出定语
从句以修饰主语 Urgent communications.句中
的连词 or 连接两个由 if 引出的状语从句。
四川邮电职业技术学院 52
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?4.语句,(one-way or two-way) which can offer
either an additional facility in the case of a
sophisticated network or a primary
communication means when the wired and
mobile telephone network are embryonic and
do not cover a whole territory
?分析,offer somebody something ;offer
something to somebody
?in the case of 在 … 情况下
?in case of 假如 万一 后面跟名词或名词性词组
?in case 假如 万一 后面跟句子
?which 引导的定语从句 修饰 messaging system
?one-way two-way 单向或双向
四川邮电职业技术学院 53
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?5,Paging solutions to the above
communication situations were introduced
in the first half of this century by means of
simple optical and acoustical signaling
devices installed on the premises of
enterprises,hospitals,offices,etc,
?分析：主语是 paging solutions,谓语是 were
introduced,过去分词 installed作 devices的后
置定语。
四川邮电职业技术学院 54
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?6,Such a signal meant that the person
concerned had to call the switchboard
operator immediately for instructions from
the closest telephone,
?分析：主语是 developing paying service,过去
分词 defined,designed 修饰主语，本句因主语
太长了，为避免头重脚轻，故采用了倒装结构。
四川邮电职业技术学院 55
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?7,Thus was born a new,but perpetually
developing paging service defined as a one-
way selective signaling system without
speech and designed as an extension of the
telephone network,
?分析：本句主语是 developing paying service,
过去分词 defined,designed 修饰主语。本句因
主语太长了，为避免头重脚轻，故采用了倒装结
构。
四川邮电职业技术学院 56
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?8,The unquestionable success of the first
generation of paging systems using wired
networks with signaling devices was
followed in the early 1950s by technological
progress in the miniaturization of electronic
circuitry,
?分析：本句中 using wired networks 这一现在
分词短语作定语，相当于 which/that use wired
networks 。相同的用法还有本段的下一句，及
para4的 1st sentence,
四川邮电职业技术学院 57
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?9.语句,This resulted in the explosion of
many new types of paging systems using
wireless transmission
?分析,result in 导致 近义词组,lead to,give
rise to
四川邮电职业技术学院 58
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?10.语句,Paging systems using radio
transmitters dedicated to this service remain
currently in use mainly for service areas not
exceeding a few kilometers
?分析,using radio transmitters现在分词用作
定语修饰 Paging system
?not exceeding a few kilometers 现在分词短语
用作定语修饰 service areas
四川邮电职业技术学院 59
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?11.语句,Large service areas for several city
agglomerations or a whole country are at
present covered by means of dedicated
radio networks operating in accordance with
specific standards
?分析,by means of 通过 … 方式
?in accordance with 与 … 保持一致
?operating in accordance with specific
standards 在句中用作定语修饰 radio
networks
四川邮电职业技术学院 60
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? 12.语句,Being a tributary of terrestrial networks,
today's paging systems cannot achieve the
global coverage for countries with large
territories and for many developing countries
lacking means of the operations of global
networks
?分析,Being a tributary of terrestrial networks 在
句中用作状语表方式 相当于 As it is a tributary of
terrestrial networks
? Lacking means of the operations of global
networks 在句中用作定语修饰 developing
countries
四川邮电职业技术学院 61
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?13,To obtain a two-way system would
require the use of portable mobile
telephones,such as terrestrial cellular
packet radio systems,which are presently
gaining popularity in networks(8),
?分析,which 引导一个非限定性定语从句，修饰
systems。句中 the use of portable mobile
telephones 意为“使用便携式移动电话”。这
种,n+ prep,+n.”的结构有动词的意义。
四川邮电职业技术学院 62
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?14.语句,The next qualitative step in the
evolution of paging is likely to be the use of
satellites to increase the service area to
global coverage
?分析,something is likely to be 有 … 的可能性
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?15.语句,The coverage extends to one third
of the Earth's surface with one satellite,and
with three to five geo-stationary satellites,a
quasi-global coverage is achieved with the
exception of polar regions
?分析,extends to 扩展到 geo-stationary
satellites 地球同步卫星
?a quasi-global coverage 准全球覆盖
?with the exception of 除 … 以外
四川邮电职业技术学院 64
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?16.语句,However,the geo-stationary
satellite orbit has a penalty in the high free
space transmission loss which must be
compensated primarily by the space station
antenna gain
?分析,antenna gain 无线增益
?Which 引导的定语从句修饰 the high free
space transmission loss
四川邮电职业技术学院 65
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?17.LEO
?分析,LEO是 Low Earth Orbit的缩写
四川邮电职业技术学院 66
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?18.语句,The proximity of LEO to the Earth's
surface will require less complex satellites
and simpler user terminals than in the case
of geo-stationary orbit satellites,thereby
significantly reducing the cost of the space
and user segments
?分析：句中的 less complex satellites and
simpler user terminals是 and连接的两个并列
的比较级
四川邮电职业技术学院 67
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?19.与本单元相关的电信短语及术语
?1) means to communicate 通信手段
?2) the operation of a communication network
通信网的运行
?3) the wired and mobile telephone network
有线和移动电话网
?4) optical and acoustical signaling devices
光信号和声音信号装置
下 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 68
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?5) the operator of a local telephone
switchboard
? 当地电话交换台的接线员
?6) the first generation of paging system 第一
代寻呼系统
?7) the technological progress 技术进
步
?8) the paging systems using wireless
transmission
?用无线电传输的寻呼系统 下 一 页
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?9) the dedicated radio receiver 专用无线接
收机
?10) social and economic advantages 社会及
经济效益
?11) the called person 被叫人
?12) the miniaturization of electronic circuitry
小型化电子电路
?13) cost efficiency 降低效率
下 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 70
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?14) the miniature radio receiver 小型无线接
收机
?15) display capability 显示能力
?16) global coverage 全球覆盖
?17) the space station antenna gain 空间站
无线增益
?18) geostationary orbit satellites 地球同步
卫星轨道
?19 user terminal 用户终端
上 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 71
20 浅谈英语长句的翻译
?通过一个例句的讲解让学生明白句子结构分析对
于准确翻译的重要性,结合文章中的定语从句让学
生进行实践,
?每一个人，作为社会的一个成员，有权享受其人
格和尊严的自由发展所必需的社会、经济、文化
权利，这些权利是通过国家努力和国际合作来实
现的，并且与所在国家的组织、资源、现状相一
致。
下 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 72
20 浅谈英语长句的翻译
对于这种比较复杂的中文句子，在正式翻译
成英文句子之前，应当按照它的含义，将它划分
成不同的部分，以便我们确定英文句子的结构。
我首先将这个中文句子划分成 6个部分，请特别
注意，第 4部分嵌套在第 3部分中间。
上 一 页 下 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 73
20 浅谈英语长句的翻译
?
▲①每一个人，②作为社会的一个成员，③
有权享受 [④ 其人格和尊严的自由发展所必需的 ]
社会、经济、文化权利，⑤这些权利是通过国家
努力和国际合作来实现的，⑥并且与所在国家的
组织、资源、现状相一致。
这样划分之后，我初步决定，将第 4,5,6
部分翻译成三个定语从句，用来修饰第 3部分的
最后一个单词 rights，请看,
上 一 页 下 一 页
四川邮电职业技术学院 74
20 浅谈英语长句的翻译
? ① Everyone
② as a member of society
③ is entitled to the social,economic and
cultural rights
④ necessary to the unrestrained
development of his/her personality and
dignity
⑤ which are realized through national
effort and international cooperation and
concordant with the organization,resources
and situation of each country,
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四川邮电职业技术学院 75
20 浅谈英语长句的翻译
?最后，将这 5个部分组合起来，就是这个中文句
子的英文译文。
Everyone,as a member of society,is
entitled to the social,economic and cultural
rights necessary to the unrestrained
development of his/her personality and
dignity,which are realized through national
effort and international cooperation and
concordant with the organization,resources
and situation of each country,
上 一 页
