Teaching Plan Lecturer Zhuang Chaorong Course Telecommunications English Lesson Number 6 (Unit6)  Time  Grade  Teaching Mode Lecturing  Content SDH Class Hours 2 Periods  Teaching Objectives 1.to know the operation and application of SDH; 2. to understand the main idea and organization of the text; 3.to master some important new words, phrases and their usages, especially the theme-related telecom terms and expressions in the text;  Focal & Difficult Points Focal Points：1. Important new words, phrases and their usages, especially the theme-related telecom terms and expressions in the text;. 2. Organization of the text; 3. Translation training Difficult Points：1. Detailed analysis of difficult sentences in the text; 2. Word-building: Affix: semi-; 3. Sentences for emphasis  Teaching Methods Applied Ways of lecturing, multimedia demonstration and speech interacting are applied to achieve the most understanding of the text intended.  Discussion, Exercises and Assignments Discussion：the main idea and organization of the text Exercises in class：Exercises 1-2 of Page 73-75 Assignments： 1. to collect the materials related to SDH 2. Exercises3-5 between Page 75 and Page 80 3. to preview Unit 7  Bibliography Zhang Daozhen,ed.Practical English Grammar (the 3rd Revision).Shanghai: the Commercial Press,1992 Shanghai Translation Publishing House,ed.New English-Chinese Dictionary. Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Publishing House,1988. Posts and Telecom Press,ed. English-Chinese Telecommunications Technology Dictionary.Beijing: Posts and Telecom Press,1997 Zhang Xiaohua and Shi Fangwen,ed.English for Telecommunications (the 4th Version).Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2004 Xu Xiulan.English for Computers and Telecommunications (the 3rd Revision).Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2004   Teaching Content Contents Time Teaching Apparatuses  I. Revision 1. Teacher can use the following questions to help the students to revise what they studied in the last unit. What have we studied in the Unit 5 ? Possible answers: Introduction to Optical Fiber Communication 2．Teacher uses the following exercise to help the students to revise the important expressions or phrases or sentences which were learnt in the study of last unit. Teacher : When I say a phrase or an expression in Chinese, you respond by giving an English equivalent your learnt in the study of Unit 5. Teacher ( Chinese ) Students ( English) 光纤学 fiber optics 光缆 optical cables 光源 light sources 光电检测器 photodetector 视频带宽 video bandwidth 宽带业务 broadband services II. Pre-reading Activities Ask the Ss the following question related to the theme of the text: What is SDH? Do you know anything about SDH? Possible answers: SDH is an International Standard for high-speed synchronous optical telecommunication networks---a Synchronous Digital Hierarchy. (The Ss might be encouraged to discuss this topic before class either in English or in Chinese.) 2. Teacher leads into the text by saying: From your previewing of the text, based on your knowledge about them, I’m sure you can achieve a good understanding of this text,SDH. Now, let’s have a careful study of the text. (1minute) III. While-reading Activities i. New words and phrases Students read the new words and phrases aloud one by one after teacher.( 3 minutes) ii. Text organization 1. Ss read the text and point out the main idea of the text. The main idea: The text mainly discusses the definition and operation principle of SDH. 2. Ss make an analysis of the organization of the text . The text may be divided into three major sections. Section 1 (Lines1-18): the definition and development of SDH Section 2 (Lines19-39): the operation and application of SDH; Section 3 (Lines40-79): the network "building blocks" and how they are configured. iii. Key language points 1. SDH is an International Standard for high-speed synchronous optical telecommunication networks---a Synchronous Digital Hierarchy. 这是一句简单句。介词短语“for high-speed synchronous optical telecommunication network”做后置定语修饰先行词standard；注意标点符号“---”的使用。破折号“---”在此处起解释作用，译成“即….”。翻译时注意形容词的语序 Chinese version：SDH，即同步数字系列，是为高速同步光纤通信指定的一个国际标准。 2．The objective was to produce a worldwide standard for synchronous transmission systems which provides network operators with a flexible and economic network. was to produce 打算，着手做 flexible and economic灵活经济的 which provides network operators with a flexible and economic network.定语从句，修饰standard，standard为第三人称单数，因此定语从句谓语动词使用三单现形式provides。 Chinese version：其目的在当时是要制定一个同步传输系统的世界性标准，而该标准将向网络运营者提供一个灵活的、经济的网络。 3．?In November 1988 the first SDH standards were approved---G.707, G.708 and G.709. SDH standards，standards为复数，因此前面的the first 译成第一组，谓语动词用复形动词were approved Chinese version：1988年11月，第一批SDH标准——G．707、G．708和G．709获准通过。 4．These standards define transmission rates, signal format, multiplexing structures and tributary mappings for the Network Node Interface (NNI)---the international standard interface for Synchronous Digital Hierarchy. define定义 tributary 支流的，支路的 mappings 映射 Node结点（注意这个词以后会多次碰到，请牢记） Chinese version：这些标准定义了网络节点接口(NⅡ)的传输速度、信号格式、复用结构和支路映射。网络节点接口(NⅡ)，即同步数字系列的国际接口。 5．??In addition to defining standards covering the NII, CCITT also embarked on series of standards governing the operation of synchronous multiplexers (G.781, G.782 and G.783) and SDH Network Management (G.784). ?In addition to 除…. 而外，to 是介词，后跟动名词 embarked on v. 着手，开始 governing 统治，主宰 Chinese version：除定义了NⅡ有关的标准外，CCITT还着手制定了决定着同步复用设备的运行(G．78l，G．782和G．783)以及SDH网络管理(G．784)的一系列标准。 6．It is the standardization of these aspects of SDH equipment that will deliver the flexibility required by network operators to cost-effectively manage the growth in bandwidth and provisioning of new customer services expected in the next decade. 这是一个强调句。强调句的基本结构为： It is(was)+被强调部分+that+谓语及其他部分 强调句一般可译成：“正是……”. 另外，本句中的 to cost-effectively manage the growth in bandwidth and provisioning of new customer services expected in the next decade 是一个动词 (manage) 不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。 全句可译为：“正是由于SDH 设备在这些方面的标准化，才提供了网络运营者所期望的灵活性，以便能低价高效地应付带宽方面的增长并为后十年中将出现的新的用户业务做好准备。” The SDH standards are based on the principles of direct synchronous multiplexing which is the key to cost-effective and flexible telecommunication networking. are based on 以……为基础 key 关键，后跟介词to direct synchronous multiplexing 直接同步复用 cost-effective 性价比高的，低价高效的 Chinese version：SDH标准的基础是直接同步复用。这一原理是低价高效和灵活组网的关键。 7．In essence, it means that individual tributary signals may be multiplexed directly into a higher rate SDH signal without intermediate stages of multiplexing. In essence 从本质上讲；essence本质，核心 that individual tributary signals may be multiplexed directly into a higher rate SDH signal without intermediate stages of multiplexing. 此处为that引导的被动语态宾语从句。higher rate 更高速率的 Chinese version：从本质上讲，这意味着各支路信号可以被直接复用到更高速率的SDH信号之中，而用不着中间级的复用阶段。 8．SDH Network Elements can then be interconnected directly with obvious cost and equipment savings over the existing network. Over表示比较意义 the existing network 现有网络，此处指PDH网络 Chinese version：各SDH网络单元可以直接相互连接，因而显然比现在的网络更省钱、更省设备。 9．?Advanced network management and maintenance capabilities are required to effectively manage the flexibility provided by SDH. 句子结构分析：此句为简单句，主语：Advanced network management and maintenance capabilities是复数形式，谓语：are required to effectively manage the flexibility provided by SDH. 副词effectively修饰动词manage，provided by SDH为过去分词短语做后置定语修饰先行词flexibility。 Chinese version：为了有效地发挥SDH提供的灵活性，需要先进的网络管理和维护能力。 10．?The SDH signal is capable of transporting all the common tributary signals found in today's telecommunication networks. is capable of 能够……，后接动名词 common tributary signals 常见的支路信号 found in today's telecommunication networks.和上句话用法一样，为过去分词短语做后置定语修饰先行词signals Chinese version：SDH能够传输当今电信网中所有常见的支路信号。 11．This means that SDH can be deployed as an overlay to the existing signal types. be deployed as 可用作为…… Chinese version：这意味着我们可用SDH作为现有信号类型的总包层。 12．The fact that SDH provides a single common standard for this telecommunications network means that equipment supplied by different manufacturers may be interconnected directly. 句子结构分析：The fact做主语，means做谓语，第一个that引导同位语从句解释说明The fact的内容；第二个that引导宾语从句，其中supplied by different manufacturers为过去分词短语做后置定语修饰equipment。翻译时可按照汉语习惯，将原句进行解释，拆分为两个句子。 Chinese version：SDH为这个网络提供了单一的、通用的标准，这就意味着由不同厂家供应的设备可以直接互联起来。 13．Now, let's take a look at the network "building blocks" and how they are configured. This is the topic sentence of the following paragraphs. let's take a look at ….It’s a typical sentence pattern in English , ask the ss to practice it ， using different situations。 how they are configured How 在这里表方式。 Chinese version： 现在，就让我们来看看网络的“组件”以及它们的构成方式。 14．Line Terminal Multiplexer (LTM): LTM can accept a number of tributary signals and multiplex them to the appropriate optical SDH rate carrier, i.e. STM-1, STM-4 or STM-16. a number of 若干，许多 tributary signals 支路信号 carrier 载体 i.e.：that is 即，也就是说 Chinese version：线路终端复用单元(LTM)：LTM可接受一批支路信号并将它们复用至适当的SDH速率的光载体上，即STM—1，STM—4或STM—16。 15．Within the ADM it is possible to add channels to, or drop channels from the "through" signal. It做形式主语，真正主语为不定式短语to add channels to, or drop channels from the "through" signal. 注意此处两个to的不同to用法，前者为不定式符号，后者为介词，意思与from相对应。add 和drop两个动词在此处可理解为上、下（话路）。 Chinese version：在分插复用单元(ADM)中，可以从“贯通”信号中上、下话路。 16．The ADM function is one of the major advantages resulting from the SDH since the similar function within a PDH network, required banks of hardwired back-back terminals. 注意此句中的one of the major为英语中很常见的表达。请同学们留意句子中介词的使用。 Banks在此处不做“银行”或“河堤”解释，而是指“套，系列”讲。 Chinese version：ADM的功能是SDH的主要优势之一，因为在PDH网络中，完成类似功能需要一套硬布线的背对背的终端设备。 17．They can function as semi-permanent switches for transmission channels and can switch at any level from 64 kbit/s up to STM-1. semi-permanent，半永久 构词法讲解：前缀semi- 半 更多例词：semiconductor 半导体 semifinal 半决赛 semitrailer 半拖货运车 function as 作为，起….作用 switch 交换 from 64 kbit/s up to STM-1 从64kbit／s直至STM—l速率的任何级别上 Chinese version：它们能对传输信道起到半永久交换的作用，并可在从64kbit／s直至STM—l速率的任何级别上的进行交换。 18．The 2-dimensional map comprises 9 rows and 270 columns of boxes. 2-dimensional map 二维结构 Boxes在此处译成“方框”。 Chinese version：该二维结构由9行、270列个方框组成。 19．Virtual Container (VC) is arranged mainly for user's information to be transmitted through the network, but the Section Overhead (SOH) provides the facilities required to support and maintain the transportation of a VC between nodes in a synchronous network, such as alarming monitoring, bit-error monitoring and data communication channels. 注意长句的翻译。 Virtual Container (VC) 虚容器 for user's information to为不定式的复合结构 Section Overhead (SOH) 段开销 alarming monitoring告警监视 bit-error monitoring误码检测 data communication channels数据通信信道 Chinese version：虚容器主要用于通过网络来传送用户信息，而段开销提供 了支持和维护同步网络节点间传输VC所需要的开销，例如告警监视、误码检 测和数据通信信道。 24. 与本单元课题有关的电信术语或用语： SDH ：Synchronous Digital Hierarchy同步数字系列 NNI： Network Node Interface 网络节点接口 LTM: ?Line Terminal Multiplexer线路终端复用单元 ADM: Add-drop Multiplexer 分插复用单元 VC: Virtual Container 虚容器 SOH: Section Overhead段开销 alarming monitoring告警监视 bit-error monitoring误码检测 data communication channels数据通信信道 IV. Post-reading Activities i. Review the important expressions , phrases or sentences which were learnt in the study of text by guiding the students through Exercises 1-2 of Page 73 in class . ii. Ask the students to summarize the translation skills touched upon in the study of the text. Possible answers:1）运用标点符号帮助理解文章的逻辑关系 2）强调句的用法及翻译 V. Further Development of the Theme-related Specialized Knowledge SDH扩展材料：Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) ? Mercury Communications Ltd. - August 1992 http://www.gare.co.uk/technology_watch/sdh.htm VI. Assignments Preview Unit 7 Do Exercises3-5 between Page 75 and Page 80 3．To collect the materials related to SDH. 3 mins 3 mins 3 mins 15 mins 44 mins 20 mins 1 min 1 min computer， projector， loud speaker， blackboard，