Teaching Plan Lecturer Zhao Lichun Course English for Telecommunications Lesson Number 14(Unit 14)  Time  Grade  Teaching Mode Lecturing  Content The Public Telecommunication Network Class Hours 2 Periods  Teaching Objectives to know the concept, the four generic architectural components and the five classes of switching centers about the public telecommunication network; 2. to understand the main idea and organization of the text; 3.to master some important new words, phrases and their usages, especially the theme-related telecom terms and expressions in the text;  Focal & Difficult Points Focal Points：1. Important new words, phrases and their usages, especially the theme-related telecom terms and expressions in the text;. 2. Organization of the text; 3. Translation training Difficult Points：1. Detailed analysis of difficult sentences in the text; 2. the usages of past participle phrases;3. attributive clause 4. Modifiers before comparative and superlative structure  Teaching Methods Applied Ways of lecturing, multimedia demonstration and speech interacting are applied to achieve the most understanding of the text intended.  Discussion, Exercises and Assignments Discussion：the main idea and organization of the text Exercises in class：Exercises 1-2 of Page 167-168 Assignments： 1. to collect the materials related to the public telecommunication network 2. Exercises3-5 between Page 168 and Page 171 3. to preview Unit 13  Bibliography Zhang Daozhen,ed.Practical English Grammar (the 3rd Revision).Shanghai: the Commercial Press,1992 Shanghai Translation Publishing House,ed.New English-Chinese Dictionary. Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Publishing House,1988. Posts and Telecom Press,ed. English-Chinese Telecommunications Technology Dictionary.Beijing: Posts and Telecom Press,1997 Zhang Xiaohua and Shi Fangwen,ed.English for Telecommunications (the 4th Version).Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2004 Xu Xiulan.English for Computers and Telecommunications (the 3rd Revision) .Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2004   Teaching Content Contents Time Teaching Apparatuses  I. Revision I. Revision Teacher can use the following questions to help the students to revise what they studied in the last unit. 1. What have we studied in the Unit 13 ? Possible answers: Multimedia 2. What is multimedia? Possible answers: The word “multimedia” is being used to describe a mixture of hardware ,software and applications. 3. In which aspects is multimedia used in our lives ? Possible answers: Multimedia is no longer a toy or a game technology. It is moving into our lives in many ways. It is affecting our banking, shopping, education, travel and work patterns. Yet, it is an increasing element in our lives. II. Pre-reading Activities 1. Ask the Ss the following two questions related to the theme of the text: 1) Would you please tell us your understanding to the public telecommunication network? Possible answers: I think “the public telecommunication network” means the telephones in any places are interconnected to form a network. In fact, it is the telephone network. With the help of it, we can communicate with the people in any places of the world. 2) what is the public telecommunication network composed of ? Possible answers: the public telecommunication network is composed of four generic architectural components: stations( subscribers), interfaces( the local loop), nodes( the switching centers), links(trunks). Teacher leads into the text by saying: From the explanation you gave about the public telecommunication network , it can be said that the public telecommunication network is the telephone network which is very important in our lives. Based on your knowledge about the public telecommunication network , I’m sure, after reading the text, you can achieve a better understanding of the new text. Now, let’s have a careful study of the text. (1minute) III. While-reading Activities i. New words and phrases Students read the new words and phrases aloud one by one after teacher.( 3 minutes) ii. Text organization 1. Ss read the text and point out the main idea of the text. The main idea: The text mainly discusses the concept, the four generic architectural components as well as their functions and the five classes of switching centers or nodes as well as their functions about the public telecommunication network. 2. Ss make an analysis of the organization of the text . The text may be divided into three major sections. Section 1 (Lines1-6): the introduction of the concept of the public telecommunication network. .Section 2 (Lines7-26): the four generic architectural components as well as their functions of the public telecommunication network. Section 3 (Lines27-96): the five classes of switching centers or nodes as well as their functions about the public telecommunication network. iii. Key language points 1.本篇课文涉及通信网领域，题目可译为:“公用电信网”. 2. The telephone contains a transmitter and receiver for converting back and forth between analog voice and analog electrical signals. The telephone contains a transmitter… electrical signals. 该句译为:“电话机包括一个送话器和一个受话器，用来在模拟话音(声波)和模拟(声频)电信号之间进行变换”.句中for+动词的-ing形式表示目的;back and forth表示(前后)来回，来来往往的. 3. Although originally designed and implemented to service analog telephone subscribers, it handles substantial data traffic via modem, and is gradually being converted to a digital network. Although引导让步状语从句, 句中省略了主语和系动词. is being converted to 是进行时被动结构,相当于is being changed into, 意思是正转变为. 4.it can carry voice in one direction at a time only. in one direction意思是在同一个方向上, at a time 意思是一次. 5. this would require on the order of 2×10:8links. 意即:这将需要有2×10:8数量级的链路.句中on the order of …意为“在…的数量级上”. 6. Designers have found it convenient to organize these nodes into a hierarchy or tree topology, consisting of five classes of switching centers or nodes. 设计人员发现将这些节点有机的连结，组成了由五级交换中心或节点构成的层次结构或树状拓扑.句中的it代替由动词不定式to organize引出的短语；consisting of …为现在分词短语，修饰a hierarchy or tree topology 作定语；to organize…into…? 为短语动词. 7. Subscribers connect directly to an end office, which must perform the same functions as a PBX. 用户直接连到端局，端局必须执行与PBX相同的功能.句中which引导的是非限制性定语从句；the same…as…? 意为:与…相同的…；PBX是Private Branch Exchanges的缩略词，即“用户小交换机”. 8. The remaining centers simply serve the function of concentrating traffic so as to reduce transmission facility requirements. 其余的中心仅提供集中通信业务量的功能，以减少对传输设备的要求.句中so as to :为的是，以便，以致 9. In addition to the five classes of switching centers listed above, the network is augmented with additional switching nodes called tandem switches. In addition to意思是除什么之外, listed above 是过去分词短语作后置定语, 意思是以上所列出的; called tandem switches 也是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 switching nodes. 10. reflecting the fact that, at any given time, only a fraction of the subscribers will be engaged in external calls. that 引导的是同位语从句, 作 the fact 的同位语. be engaged in 意为”进行” 11. The structure depicted in Fig.22:1 was referred to as having a tree topology. 图22-1所画的结构称为树状拓扑.句中to refer to sb.(sth.) as …? 为短语动词，意为“称某人(某物)为…”.此句使用了该短语动词的被动形式，也可译为主动句“我们称图22-1所画的结构为树状拓扑”. 12. High-usage trunks are used for direct connection between switching centers with high volumes of internode traffic. are used for 表示用于什么方面, with 引起的 介词短语作后置定语,修饰switching centers 表示有大量的节点间的业务量的. 13. The calling subscriber's end office will determine if a direct trunk exists to the called end office. 主叫用户的端局要确定是否有一条直达中继线连到被叫端局.句中the calling subscriber意为主叫用户；the called end office意为被叫端局；calling是现在分词，表示主动；called是过去分词，表示被动，请看下面的例子: ???? a moving film???????????? 一部感动人的影片 ???? a moved audience???? 受感动的观众 ???? developing countries?? 发展中国家 ???? developed countries??? 发达国家 14. If not, or if that trunk is fully loaded, the call is routed up to a toll center. is fully loaded 表示已满载, is routed up to 是动词的被动结构,意思是被转到. 15. This process is dynamic and depends on the availability of high-usage trunks at the time the call is placed. depends on意思是取决于, the call is placed 是定语从句, 修饰the time. 16. The tandem switches mentioned above provide additional linkages between end offices that closely located. mentioned above是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 The tandem switches , that引导的是定语从句,修饰end offices 意思是位置靠近的. IV. Post-reading Activities (eg: 1. Review the important expressions , phrases, sentences and translation skills learnt in the study of the text. 2. Guide students through some exercises in class. VI.Assignments（注意和首页题目总道数一致） Preview Unit 15. Do Exercises3-5 between Page 168 and Page 171. 3 mins 2 mins 60 mins 2mins 4 mins 1 mins computer， projector， loud speaker， audio-visual language teaching system， blackboard， recorder， DVD， radio， hanging chart， model.