Teaching Plan Lecturer Zhuang Chaorong Course Telecommunications English Lesson Number 7 (Unit7)  Time  Grade  Teaching Mode Lecturing  Content WDM Class Hours 2 Periods  Teaching Objectives 1.to know the operation and advances of WDM and optical network; 2. to understand the main idea and organization of the text; 3.to master some important new words, phrases and their usages, especially the theme-related telecom terms and expressions in the text;  Focal & Difficult Points Focal Points：1. Important new words, phrases and their usages, especially the theme-related telecom terms and expressions in the text;. 2. Organization of the text; 3. Translation training Difficult Points：1. Detailed analysis of difficult sentences in the text; 2. Word-building: 1) Affix: multi-，re- 2) suffix:-ize; 3. attributive clause  Teaching Methods Applied Ways of lecturing, multimedia demonstration and speech interacting are applied to achieve the most understanding of the text intended.  Discussion, Exercises and Assignments Discussion：the main idea and organization of the text Exercises in class：Exercises 1-2 of Page 88 Assignments： 1. to collect the materials related to WDM and optical network. 2. Exercises3-5 between Page 88 and Page 92 3. to preview Unit 8  Bibliography Zhang Daozhen,ed.Practical English Grammar (the 3rd Revision).Shanghai: the Commercial Press,1992 Shanghai Translation Publishing House,ed.New English-Chinese Dictionary. Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Publishing House,1988. Posts and Telecom Press,ed. English-Chinese Telecommunications Technology Dictionary.Beijing: Posts and Telecom Press,1997 Zhang Xiaohua and Shi Fangwen,ed.English for Telecommunications (the 4th Version).Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2004 Xu Xiulan.English for Computers and Telecommunications (the 3rd Revision).Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2004   Teaching Content Contents Time Teaching Apparatuses  I. Revision Teacher can use the following questions to help the students to revise what they studied in the last unit. 1. What have we studied in the Unit 6? Possible answers: SDH 2. What is SDH? Possible answers: SDH is an International Standard for high-speed synchronous optical telecommunication networks---a Synchronous Digital Hierarchy. 3. Tell us the main application of SDH? Possible answers: The SDH signal is capable of transporting all the common tributary signals found in today's telecommunication networks. II. Pre-reading Activities Ask the Ss the following two questions related to the theme of the text: Can you enumerate what you contacted in the study of the courses including optical communications? Possible answers: optical fiber, OA, FTTB, FTTO, FTTN, FTTH, etc. What is the application of optical fiber? Do you know anything about WDM? Possible answers: optical fiber is a transmission medium through which numerous signals are transmitted , it can be used to build optical networks . Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) enables the utilization of a significant portion of the available fiber bandwidth by allowing many independent signals to be transmitted simultaneously on one fiber, with each signal located at a different wavelength. (The Ss might be encouraged to discuss this topic before class either in English or in Chinese.) 2. Teacher leads into the text by saying: From the explanation you gave about optical fiber and WDM, and also you’ve studied TDM before, based on your knowledge about them, I’m sure you can achieve a good understanding of the new text, WDM because it is mainly on the operation and advances of WDM. Now, let’s have a careful study of the text. (1minute) III. While-reading Activities i. New words and phrases Students read the new words and phrases aloud one by one after teacher.( 3 minutes) ii. Text organization 1. Ss read the text and point out the main idea of the text. The main idea: The text mainly discusses the operation and advances of WDM and optical network 2. Ss make an analysis of the organization of the text . The text may be divided into three major sections. Section 1 (Lines1-18): the introduction of the communication networks of today and a brief introduction to the application of the optical network; Section 2 (Lines19-105): the operation and advances of WDM; Section 3 (Lines106-111): the prospect of optical communication networks. iii. Key language points Even visionaries such as Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton, who contributed significantly to our understanding of the properties of light and its fundamental importance, would not likely imagine the communications networks of today. 1）contribute…to 贡献 2）likely极有可能 3）such as… like像，诸如 这是一句带非限制性定语从句的主从复合句…who contributed significantly to our understanding of the properties of light and its fundamental importance修饰先行词visionaries。注意定语从句在科技英语中的经常使用。定语还可以由短语构成，尤其注意后置定语的用法，比如此句中的of the properties of light，of today分别修饰understanding和networks。关于此类“of …”做后置定语的情形，在本文中还会出现多处，比如 9－11行等，请同学们注意观察。 Chinese version：爱因斯坦和牛顿在我们对光特性的了解及其基本重要性方面作出了重大贡献，即使是这样富于幻想的人也不大可能想象得到今天通信网络发展的程度。 翻译技巧讲解：英译汉中非限制性定语从句的译法： 英语非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句不同，对先行词不起限制作用，只对它加以描写、叙述或解释。虽然短小且具描写性的从句也可采用带“…的”前置译法，但更多的较长的用来叙述或解释的从句一般译为并列分句，前置或后置皆可。此处宜处理成一个前置的并列分句，重复英语关系代词所表示的含义“爱因斯坦和牛顿”。 更多译例： So far,there has been no remarkable progress in the development of the general theory of relativity, which was first raised by Einstein in 1920s. 爱因思坦最先于二十世纪二十年提出了广义相对论，而至今该理论的研究未能取得明显的进展。 2. Highways of light span the globe, transmitting massive amounts of information in the twinkling of an eye . transmitting massive…分词短语在此表示结果状语，表示一种伴随的情 况．可翻译成“眨眼间传输巨量的信息”． Chinese version：光的高速公路跨越全球，眨眼之间传输巨量的信息。 3. Astounding as these advances may seem, we are only at the beginning of what is possible. astounding adj.令人惊骇的 advances n. 接近,进步的实例，成就 as在此引导让步状语从句，可译成“尽管、虽然”，“尽管这些发展使人惊讶”．as的用法比较复杂，在后面的阅读文章中还会经常遇到． Chinese version：这些成就似乎使人很吃惊，但我们只是处于可能会产生更大成就的开始。 4. No matter what application it is that is generating traffic, most of this traffic will be carried by the unifying optical layer． 1）No matter what…引导让步状语从句，译成“无论什么”． 引申举例No matter where/who/which…. 2）most of this traffic will be carried by the unifying optical layer．是典型的被动句。分析此句的结构，复习被动句的用法。 Chinese version：不管是哪一种产生业务的应用，大多数这种业务将会由统一的光层进行传送。 For this reason, the growth of various applications such as telephony (whether cellular or fixed), Internet, video transmission, computer communication and database access leads directly to an increase in the demand placed on the optical network． lead to 导致 例：The major advance that has led to the WDM revolution has been the invention of the Optical Amplifier (OA). 导致WDM革命的主要进展是光放大器(OA)的发明。 Pay attention to the noun phrases after preposition ”as”, trying to understand the parallel structure used. In the mean while,” …an increase in the demand placed on the optical network．”the underlined part is used as attribute to modify the word demand. Chinese version：由于这一原因，各种应用的增长，如电话(移动或固定) 、因特网、视频传输、计算机通信和数据库接入直接导致对光网络持续增长的需要。 6. It is very likely that the optical network will be used to convey large amounts of video information in the future. It用作形式主语，that引导主语从句。复习likely用法。 Chinese version：很有可能将来光网络会用来传送大量的视频信息。 （目前应该已经可以实现） 7. These advances have benefited both terrestrial and submarine systems, increased available capacities by several orders of magnitude and, correspondingly, reduced costs. 此句注意分析句子结构，找出三个并列谓语动词benefited，increased，reduced。correspondingly adv. 相应的 Chinese version：这些进展给地面通信系统和海底通信系统都带来了好处，将可用的容量增加了几个数量级，而相应的减少了费用。 8. A lot of effort has therefore been concentrated in maximizing the amount of information that can be transmitted using a single wavelength. 1）句子结构分析： 主语：A lot of effort 谓语：has therefore been concentrated “maximizing the amount of information that can be transmitted using a single wavelength.”做介词in的宾语。 定语从句“that can be transmitted using a single wavelength.”用于修饰先行词information。 2）Chinese version：因此，大量的努力集中在使用单个波长传输信息数量的最优化方面。 9. WDM, on the other hand, makes it possible to transmit a large number of wavelengths using the same fiber, effectively sending a "rainbow" of colors, where there was only one color before. 1）短语： on the other hand另一方面 a large number of大量的 2）句子结构分析： 主语：WDM, 谓语：makes 宾语：形式宾语it，真正宾语to transmit a large number of wavelengths using the same fiber, effectively sending a "rainbow" of colors, where there was only one color before. 当动词不定式短语或从句在句中作宾语，而这种宾语又带有补足语时，通常要用it作为引导词放在宾语补足语之前，而把真正的宾语，即不定式短语或从句放在补足语之后．where there was only one color before.为非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用。 宾语补足语：possible 3）翻译技巧：非限定性定语从句的译法（复习本课第一个语言点相关翻译内容） （1）英语非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句不同，对先行词不起限制作用，只对它加以描写、叙述或解释。虽然短小且具描写性的从句也可采用带“…的”前置译法，但更多的较长的用来叙述或解释的从句一般译为并列分句，前置或后置皆可。第一个语言讲解点中，是前置并列分句，提醒学生本句中是后置并列分句。 （2）更多译例： The analog signals are transmitted over common wire to the demodulator, which convert them into digital signals. 模拟信号通过普通电话线传送到解调器上，解调器又将其转换成数字信号。） 10．The OA, however, can boost the signal power of all wave-lengths in the fiber, thus eliminating the need for separate regenerators, and allowing many wavelengths to share the same fiber. Chinese version：然而，光放大器(OA)可以放大光纤中所有波长的信号功率，这样就不需要不同的再生器并允许许多波长公用同样的光纤。 11. Advances in optical amplifier design have been considerable. 1）句子结构分析： 主语：Advances 定语：in optical amplifier design，修饰主语advances 谓语：have been 表语：considerable 2）Chinese version：在光放大器方面的进展具有不可忽视的重要作用。 3）此句为该段主题句，请找出下文中所列举的进展advances，注意找出First...， Second...， also...所引导的相关描述，有助于对文章内容的准确理解。 12. In the early days of optical systems, optical fibers were not built for multi-wavelength transmission. 1）句子结构分析： 状语：“In the early days of optical systems,”划线部分是介词短语做后置定语，用于修饰先行词days。 主语：optical fibers 谓语：were not built，谓语为被动语态 状语：for multi-wavelength transmission. “multi-wavelength transmission”做介词for的宾语。 2) multi-wavelength transmission多波长传输 构词法讲解：multi- [构] 表示“多，多种，多个”之义 更多例词：multi-meter 万用表 multi-access adj.〈计〉多路存取的 multi-industry adj.多种经营的 multi-purpose adj.多用途的，多功能的 multi-address instruction 多地址指令 multi-band aerial 多[宽]频带天线 multi-user n.[计]多用户 3）Chinese version：在早期的光系统中，铺设的光纤不能用于多波长传输。 13. Today's fibers, on the other hand, are designed to have wide transmission windows and are optimized for high-capacity, multiple- wave-length transmission. optimize ['(ptimaiz] v.乐观的考虑，使尽可能完善，优化 构词法讲解：suffix:-ize动词后缀，“使...”可译为“使...化”，注意本文中其他几个带动词后缀-ize的词： standardize ['st(nd?daiz] v．使与标准比较，使合标准，使标准化 materialize [m('ti(ri(laiz] v．使物质化，使具体化 Chinese version：另一方面，今天设计的光纤有宽的传输窗口，可以优化的进行高容量、多波长传输。 14. On the one hand, the growth in capacity demand is extraordinary, and this in itself would be a big enough challenge to meet. In itself译为“本身” 短语：meet the challenge 面临挑战，此句中“a big enough challenge to meet”可译为“一个需要面对的很大挑战”。 Chinese version：一方面对容量需求的增长是异乎寻常的，这本身就是一个需要面对的很大挑战。 15. ... there is quite a difference in the quality requirement for a signal being used to transmit an emergency telephone call or live video coverage of a medical operation, as compared with an E-mail that is not urgent and can arrive after several hours. 句子结构分析：整句话为我们很熟悉的there be 句型。主语为quite a difference，“in the quality requirement for a signal being used to transmit an emergency telephone call or live video coverage of a medical operation,”为介词短语做后置定语修饰主语，其中“being used to transmit an emergency telephone call or live video coverage of a medical operation,”为分词短语做后置定语修饰先行词a signal； “as compared with an E-mail that is not urgent and can arrive after several hours.”注意此句中as的用法。“that is not urgent and can arrive after several hours.”为定语从句修饰先行词E-mail。 Chinese version：用于传输紧急电话或者实况医疗手术转播的信号相比于不是很紧急的可以几个小时后到达的电子邮件来说，信号质量有很大的不同。 16. Internet Protocol (IP) traffic, in particular, is growing exponentially. in particular, 特别是，尤其是 Internet Protocol (IP) traffic 工P业务 exponential [?ekspou'nen'(?l] adj.指数的，幂的 Chinese version：特别是工P业务，正在以指数形式增长。 17. WDM has a major advantage in this regard, which is that the different types of traffic can be assigned to different wavelengths, as required. major adj. 主要的 advantage n. 优势，优点，好处 assign v.分配 in this regard 在这一方面 Chinese version：WDM在这一方面有很大的优势，这种优势就是不同类型的业务按照需要可以分配不同的波长信号。 18. I would like to draw attention to a few recent advances in this area. 注意此句中“a few recent advances in this area”中“a few”的用法，用于引起下文所列举的各项advances，结合相关引导词加以理解，比如“Firstly...，A second...” draw attention to 注意，关注 area 领域 Chinese version：我想让大家注意在这一领域几个最新的进展。 19. Bell Labs has recently unveiled its all-optical cross connect called the Lambda Router. 句中划线部分为过去分词短语做后置定语修饰先行词connect。 unveil[(n'veil] v．使公诸于众，揭露，展出 all-optical cross connect 全光交叉连接 Chinese version：贝尔实验室最近公布了其称作LambdaRouter的全光交叉连接研究成果。 20. Based on Micro Electro Mechanical Switching (MEMS) technology, it consists of microscopic mirrors that tilt, and thus re-direct optical signals. Based on 基于，以...为基础 consist of 由...组成，该短语不能用于被动语态 re-direct 重新引导 构词法讲解: re-表示重新...，再... 例如：redo v.再做，重做 rewrite v.重写, 改写 rewriting circuit 重写电路 rewriting operation 重写操作 re-sort vt.使再分开 reassert vt.再断言, 重复主张 Chinese version：该技术是以微电子机械交换(MEMS)技术为基础，由倾斜的极微小的镜子组成，这样就可以重新引导光信号。 21. As more routing functions are implemented in the optical plane, more sophisticated intelligence is needed to control and manage the network. Pay attention to the passive voice used in this sentence. Also，“as”is used to indicate conditional sentence. 不定式短语” to control and manage the network” 用作目的状语。 Chinese version：随着越来越多的路由选择功能在光平台实现，就需要更复杂的智能来控制和管理这种网络。 22．A further aspect to consider is access to the optical network. to consider为不定式作后置定语，修饰aspect． aspect ['(spekt] n．样子，外表，方面 此句为全段的主题句，注意找出段落中的supporting sentences。 Chinese version：进一步要考虑的是接入光网络。 23．The dream of Fiber To The Home (FTTH) or desktop is yet to materialize, mainly because of the cost-sensitive nature of this part of the network. materialize [m('ti(ri(laiz] v．使物质化，使具体化 FTTH： Fiber To The Home光纤到家，光纤到户 与此相关的电信术语：FTTB, FTTO, FTTN FTTB： Fiber To The Building光纤到建筑物；光纤到大楼 FTTO： Fiber To The Office光纤到办公室 FTTN： Fiber To The Node 光纤到结点 Chinese version：光纤到家(FTTH)或光纤到桌面的梦想还需要经过努力去实现，主要是由于这一部分网络的费用敏感性。 24. 与本单元课题有关的电信术语或用语： WDM ：Wavelength Division Multiplexing 波分复用 OA： Optical Amplifier 光放大器 FTTH： Fiber To The Home光纤到家，光纤到户 FTTB： Fiber To The Building光纤到建筑物；光纤到大楼 FTTO： Fiber To The Office光纤到办公室 FTTN： Fiber To The Node 光纤到结点 MEMS：Micro Electro Mechanical Switching 微电子机械交换 the error—free transmission 无差错传输 the self-healing properties 自愈特性 the multiple-wavelength transmission 多波长传输 the all-optical cross-connect 全光交叉连接 IV. Post-reading Activities i. Review the important expressions , phrases or sentences which were learnt in the study of text by guiding the students through Exercises 1-2 of Page 88 in class . ii. Ask the students to summarize the translation skills touched upon in the study of the text. Possible answers:1）非限定性定语从句的译法 2）语序的调整 V. Further Development of the Theme-related Specialized Knowledge 波分复用扩展材料：1）WDM - Wavelength Division Multiplexing （Written by: Adar Shtainhart； Ronen Segal；Aviad Tsherniak） http://www2.rad.com/networks/1999/wdm/wdm.htm 2）History and technology of wavelength division multiplexing http://www.spie.org/web/oer/october/oct97/multiplex.html VI. Assignments Preview Unit 8 Do Exercises3-5 between Page 88 and Page 92 3．To collect the materials related to WDM and optical network. 3 mins 5 mins 3 mins 15 mins 42 mins 20 mins 1 mins 1 mins computer， projector， loud speaker， blackboard，