Teaching Plan Lecturer Yu Xiaochuan Course Telecommunications English Lesson Number 3 (Unit3)  Time  Grade  Teaching Mode Lecturing  Content Communicating with Data Class Hours 2 Periods  Teaching Objectives 1.to know the transmission media of data signals, the structure of full-duplex data transmission system and its operation and the coding of data signals; 2. to understand the main idea and organization of the text; 3.to master some important new words, phrases and their usages, especially the theme-related telecom terms and expressions in the text;  Focal & Difficult Points Focal Points：1. Important new words, phrases and their usages, especially the theme-related telecom terms and expressions in the text;. 2. Organization of the text; 3. Translation training Difficult Points：1. Detailed analysis of difficult sentences in the text; 2. the uses of “to do..” as adverbial for purpose and result; 3. Affix: de-, non-  Teaching Methods Applied Ways of lecturing, multimedia demonstration and speech interacting are applied to achieve the most understanding of the text intended.  Discussion, Exercises and Assignments Discussion：the main idea and organization of the text Exercises in class：Exercises 1-2 between Page 41 and Page 42 Assignments： 1. to collect the materials related to asynchronous serial data transmission and data transmission. 2. Exercises3-5 between Page 42 and Page 45 3. to preview Unit 4  Bibliography Zhang Daozhen,ed.Practical English Grammar (the 3rd Revision).Shanghai: the Commercial Press,1992 Shanghai Translation Publishing House,ed.New English-Chinese Dictionary. Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Publishing House,1988. Posts and Telecom Press,ed. English-Chinese Telecommunications Technology Dictionary.Beijing: Posts and Telecom Press,1997 Zhang Xiaohua and Shi Fangwen,ed.English for Telecommunications (the 4th Version).Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2004 Xu Xiulan.English for Computers and Telecommunications (the 3rd Revision).Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2004   Teaching Content Contents Time Teaching Apparatuses  I. Revision Teacher uses the following exercise to help the students to revise the important expressions or phrases or sentences which were learnt in the study of last unit. Teacher : When I say a phrase or an expression in Chinese, you respond by giving an English equivalent your learnt in the study of Unit 2 Asynchronous Serial Data Transmission. Teacher ( Chinese ) Students ( English) 串行接口 serial interface 数据链路 data link 数据流 data stream 字符间 intercharacter 闲置状态 idle state 空号电平 space level 起始位 start bit 奇偶校验位 parity bit 错误标志 error flag 起源于 have one’s origin in 按照惯例 by convention 被称为 be referred to as II. Pre-reading Activities Ask the Ss the following two questions related to the theme of the text: Human being has experienced many ages in his history of more than one million years. We usually define these ages by the typical production tools of them such as Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age , Steam Age, Nuclear Age and so on.. Can you use one word to define the age in which we are living? Possible answers: Industrialized Age, Post-industrialized Age, Information Age, Digital Age, etc. Why do you and some other people call our age Digital Age? Possible answers: Digital machines including digital TV, pone, camera ,etc, are more and more widely used in our life and more and more people lead a digital life. 2. Teacher leads into the text by saying: It is the fact that digital machines are changing our world and more and more people rely on them to make decisions. However, A means is required to connect those machines together in order to increase the reach of the humans. Data communication we are about to study is the very answer. It serves as the means to transmit digital data or digital signals corresponding to analogue signals between various kinds of digital machines. Now, let’s go through the text to know how data signals are transmitted. III. While-reading Activities i. New words and phrases Students read the new words and phrases aloud one by one after teacher.( 3 minutes) ii. Text organization 1. Ss read the text and point out the main idea of the text. The main idea: The text mainly discusses the structure of full-duplex data transmission system and its operation. 2. Ss make an analysis of the organization of the text . The text may be divided into four major sections. Section1 (Lines1-7): transmission media of data signals; Section2 (Lines8-35): the structure of full-duplex data transmission system and its operation; Section3(Lines36-55): the coding of data signals: Section3(Lines56-62): digital representation of basic information signals. iii. Key language points 1. over, in, on, and via prep: through the medium of, by means of (通过，经由,通过…的媒介) eg: Data signals are transmitted over various types of telephone circuits, travel on wire, through underground cables, over microwave facilities, and via communications satellites. 2. Some type of data conversion equipment is required to change the digital machine signals to a form suitable for transmission over these facilities. 翻译技巧：被动语态的译法 1）被动语态在通信英语中被大量使用。而我们可根据汉语多多用主动句的习惯，将其翻译成主动句，原句的主语作为译句的宾语。此句中“is required”可译为“需要（使用）...” 2）本篇课文中更多的更多译例： ① … a signal coding process is normally performed. 通常要对信号进行编码。 ② A special device is needed to complete the complicated calculation. 要完成复杂的运算，需要一种特殊的装置。 动词不定式“to do …” 在通信英语中置于句首或句末作状语表示目的的现象很常见，通常可译为 “为了…”或“以便…”。此句中“to change the digital machine signals to a form suitable for transmission over these facilities” 作状语表示目的，全句可译为“为了把数字化机器信号变换为适合在这些设备中传输的信号形式，需要使用某种类型的数据变换设备。” 3. The data machine which provides an input to the transmit section of the conversion equipment, or modulator, can be a keyboard, printer, card reader, paper tape terminal computer or magnetic tape terminal. 句子结构分析： 主语：The data machine 定语：“which provides an input to the transmit section of the conversion equipment, or modulator”是定语从句，修饰先行词the data machine 4. be applied to: 适用于…, 应用于…. eg: 1) Theory should be applied to practice. 2) The alloy can be applied to spaceship. 5. de- pref. 1) do or make the opposite of; reverse (否定或使相反；倒转：) eg: demodulator (解调器) 2) remove or remove from(离开或从…脱离) eg: deoxygenate. (去氧)，demultiplexer (多路)信号分离器 3) out of (去除，离开) eg: deplane下飞机 4) reduce, degrade (减少;降低) eg: declass (降级) 6. Typically, both the modulator and demodulator sections of the converter are combined into a two-way data transmitter-receiver, commonly called a data modem or data set. 1）typically ad. 一般说来，一般而言 2）combine…into…: merge…into…（把…合并成为…）此处用作被动语态。 3）“commonly called a data modem or data set” 是动词过去分词短语，用于修饰先行词data transmitter-receiver，可转换成非限定性定语从局“which is commonly called a data modem or data set” 帮助理解。翻译时可将该部分和主句分别翻译成独立的两句话，使译文更为通顺，如“通常称之为数据调制解调器或数据传输机。” 7. The interface assembly at the transmitter accepts data at the rate determined by the operating speed of the data processor, stores the data temporarily, and regenerates it at a rate compatible with that of the data modem. 1）句子结构分析： 主语：the interface assembly 谓语：accepts, stores和regenerates. 2) compatible with…: 同什么兼容（的） 8. derive from: stem from, come from (起源，来自) 9. be of major concern: be of important(至关重要) 10. ideally ad. 此处译为“ 在理想状态下”。 11. …and transmission impairments are always present to disturb the data signals 1）present. ad: existing, happening (存在，发生) 2）“to disturb the data signals”是动词不定式作状语表示结果。全句可译为“传输损伤总是存在，干扰了数据信号”。 12. as a comparison: by comparison (相比之下) 13. transmission irregularities: 翻译技巧：词类转换 在英译汉的过程中，有些句子可以逐词对翻译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言表达方式不同，就不能用“一个萝卜一个坑”的方法来逐词对翻译。原文中有些词需要转换词类，才能是汉语译文通顺流畅。此处可将“irregularities”这一由形容词派生而来的名词转译成形容词，这样，该短语可译为“极不规则的传输（情况）”。 更多译例： ① This communication system is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of operation and the ease with which it can be maintained. 这种通信系统的主要特点是操作简单，维修容易。 ② We found difficulty in solving the complicated problem. 我们感到解决这个复杂问题是困难的。 14. In contrast, there is no inherent redundancy in data signals unless purposely inserted and, therefore, and, therefore, transmission variations can only be compensated for over a very small range. 1) in contrast? 相比之下；形成对照. ?? 2) “unless purposely inserted unless”等同于 “unless it is purposely inserted”。 unless为连词，意为“如果不”、“除非”，用以连接条件状语从句，此处因为主句和从句的主语相同，从句的谓语又是“be+过去分词”结构，故从句中省略了主语和系动词。 3) “over a small range”中的 “range”有“范围“之义，此短语可译为“在很小的范围内”。 15. be sensitive to : 对什么敏感，灵敏 eg: The device is very sensitive to any small change of room temperature. 16. have effect on: 对什么有影响 eg: The drug had an immediate effect on the pain. 17. Coding is undertaken to alleviate transmission irregularities, to increase the information capacity of the system, to enable error detection, and to provide message security. 句子结构分析：句中的四个动词不定式是并列的，均表示目的，译为“为了…”。 18. non- pref：not(不，非) eg: nonacid (非酸性的), nonautomatic (非自动的), nongovernmental ( 非政府性的), nonelastic (刚性的，硬性的)， non-return to zero signal （不归零信号），nonblocking(无阻塞的)，non-dialled connector（非拨号接续），non-simultaneous transmission （半双工传输） 19. whereas: conj. 1) it being the fact that; inasmuch as (鉴于..) eg: Whereas the peoples of the colonies have been grieved and burdened with taxes... (鉴于各殖民地民众备受重税负担之苦....) 2) While on the contrary (然而，相反) eg: They want a house, whereas we would rather live in a flat. (他们想要一座房子, 而我们宁愿住在一套房间里。) 20. 与本单元课题有关的电信术语或用语： two-way transmitter-receiver 双向数据发送接收机 binary non-return to zero signal二进制不归零信号 modulator and demodulator 调制器与解调器 buffer 缓冲器 timing signal 定时信号 synchronizing pulse 同步脉冲 time slot 时隙 transmission medium 传输媒质 linear attenuation 线性衰减 linear delay 线性时延 submarine cable 海底电缆 full-duplex 全双工的 delay line 时延线 transmission impairment传输损耗 voice circuit音频电路 redundancy 冗余度 error detection错误检测 IV. Post-reading Activities i. Review the important expressions , phrases or sentences which were learnt in the study of text by guiding the students through Exercises 1-2 between Page 41 and Page 42 in class . ii. Ask the students to summarize the translation skills touched upon in the study of the text. Possible answers: 被动语态的译法和词类转换 V. Further Development of the Theme-related Specialized Knowledge 数据通信基本知识： http://www.emoyo.net/tech/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=200 VI. Assignments Preview Unit 4 Do Exercises3-5 between Page 42 and Page 45 3 mins 5 mins 3 mins 15 mins 42 mins 20 mins 1 mins 1 mins computer， projector， loud speaker， blackboard，