Unit Two Smart Cars Text A Smart cars Reference Book: (New) Integrated Course 4 Student’s and Teaching’s Book Teaching Method: Interchange English Objective 1 understand the main idea and structure of the text 2 learn some techniques in expository writing ( definition , quotes , a mixture of facts and opinions ) 3 grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text Time allocation Teaching Period ( 11 & 20) 10 Teaching Processes : Pre-reading 1 Revision to read the words and phrases of unit one together to dictate the new words of unit one to check the homework 2 Warming-up Introduction about some smart cars and Quotations 3Culture Note Automobile industry : the automobile industry is one of the most important industries in the world , affecting not only economies but also cultures. It provides jobs for millions of people, generates billions of dollars in worldwide revenues, and provides the basis for a multitude of related service and support industries. Automobiles revolutionizes transportation in the 20th century, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. Automobile manufactures are among the largest companies in the world. These corporations are often multinational. 4 Discussion : What hopes do you have for the future of smart cars? If you were asked to help design a smart car, what suggestions would you make ? Would you like to drive a smart car? Why or why not ? While-reading Text Analysis What jumps out first at a browser of this text may be those terms in quotation marks or with capitalized first letters------“blind spot” Global Positioning System “atomic clocks” “telematics” and “automated driver” What do they mean ? how do we find out　？ An effective reader knows. He can make a guess based on knowledge of word-formation or knowledge of word or the context. For example : when the reader comes across “should you make a serious driving mistake (eg: change lanes when there is a car in your blind spot ) the computer would sound an immediate warning, he can guess from the context that a blind spot must be a portion of the road behind a car, which a driver can not observe from the rear-view mirror. What is the Global Positioning System ? From the sentence containing this term (we already have 24 Navstar satellites orbiting the earth , making up what is called the Global Positioning System ) we know it is a service linked with a satellite. From the following sentence we know its function (they make it possible to determine your location on the earth to within about 100 feet ) What is an atomic clock? The answer is found in exactly the same sentence . it vibrates at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory We can guess the meaning of telematics from its word formation. The prefix “tele” means ”distant” the suffix “ matics” may be the end part of informatics-----tell us more about it What is an automated driver ? sentence directly following the term give a detailed explanation -----the plan calls for computer , aided by thousands of three-inch magnetic spikes buried in the highway , to take control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads . Cars will be bunched into groups of 10 to 12 vehicles, only six feet apart , traveling in unison and controlled by computer Key words 1 manufacture-----n 制造 制成品 -----vt 成批的大量的加工 捏造 （事故，理由 ） eg: All those underground plants that manufacture pirate CDs must be closed down 2 approximate----adj 大概的 大约的 近似的 ----vi 近似 接近 估计 eg : Can you give me an approximate price for the job ? 3 eliminate----vt 消灭 排除 extinguish \ expel \ exclude // accept include eg: The police have eliminated two suspects from their enquiry 4 alert---adj 留神的 警惕的 ----n 警告 警备 ----vt 向……..报警 使…….警惕 eg: The alert listener will have noticed the error My doctor alerted me to dangers of smoking Be alter to 对…….很警觉 on the alter for 处于警戒 密切注意 alter sb to sth 警告 5 lane----n 小路 小巷 跑道 单向车道 eg: They are driving on the outside lane, the last one. 6 gross----adj 总的 total whole entire 严重的 显著的 serious shocking 粗俗的vulgar indecent eg: GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product. 国内生产总值 Gross National Product 国民生产总值 7 hazard----n 危险 冒险 公害 ----vt 使危险 冒险做出 eg: Wet roads are a hazard to drives Testing new-model plane is a hazardous job, but he decided to devote himself to it. In hazard at hazard = in danger 8 vibrate---v shake eg: The whole house vibrates whenever a heavy lorry passes 9 frequency-----n 频繁 频率 屡次 eg: Fatal accidents have decreased in frequency over recent years 10 application----n 申请 生效 实施 eg: We received 500 application for the position application for ……的申请 application to ….上的应用 11 correlate eg: Frequency of illness often correlate with age correlate with 表示两者相互依存 12 decrease----v 变小 减少 ----n 减少 降低 eg: Interest in the sport is decreasing decrease in sth // on the decrease 13 incorporate----v 包含 合并 ----adj 合成一体的 组成公司的 eg: We have incorporated many of your suggestions in the new plan 14 presently 不久 立刻 目前 现在 eg: I will be there presently The schoolmasters is presently considering our proposal Sentence Paraphrases 1 Sales of the automobile industry stand at about a trillion dollars, making it the world's biggest manufacturing industry ( Sales of the automobile industry amount to a trillion dollars or so, which made it the biggest manufacturing industry in the world ) 2 The number of people that are killed or badly injured in car accidents is so vast that we don't even bother to mention them in the newspaper anymore ( We find the number of people who are killed or seriously injured in car accidents too big to talk of in the newspaper) 3 Should you make a serious driving mistake, the computer would sound an immediate warning ( If you should make a great mistake in driving, the computer would alter you right away ) 4 The plan calls for computer, aided by thousands of three-inch magnetic spikes buried in the highway, to take computer control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads (The plan demands computers to have a computers power over the driving of cars with the help of three-inch magnetic spikes buried in the highway, when there are a lot of vehicles on roads ) 5 If the driver's eyelids close for a certain length of time and his or her driving becomes erratic, a computer in the dashboard could alert the driver ( If the driver becomes sleepy and his or her driving becomes unstable, a computer in the dashboard could warn the driver) 6 As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio signal that can be detected by a receiver in a car's computer ( When a satellite passes by, it gives off a radio signal which can be discovered by a receiver in a car's computer) 7 With the price of microchips dropping so drastically, future applications of GPS are virtually limitless (As the price of microchips are severely dropping, the applications of GPS in the future are actually boundless ) 8 Blind individual could use GPS sensors in walking sticks, airplanes could land by remote control, hikers will be able to locate their position in the woods- the list of potential uses is endless (Lots of potential uses can be made of it. For example, blind individuals could use GPS sensors in walking sticks; airplanes could control its landfall; hikers can find their position in the forests) Key phrase in the air There is a feeling of unrest in the air start up in sth He started his daughter up in the trade Get/be stuck in sth Our car was stuck in traffic for an hour Be poised to do The army was poised to act Summary of Text A The passage tells us great changes in the automobile industry which will take place in future. It is more convenient for us to work, live and travel than before. Computerization continues to play a major part in auto design and manufacturing. With the price of microchips dropping, GPS will be applied in a wide range. Then the “smart cars” as well as the roads in future can see, hear, feel, smell and talk, which helps us settle many traffic problems. Text organization Section One (1---3) The smart cars and roads with sensors will be designed in the 21st century Section Two (4---9) The smart cars solve some of the traffic problems with the help of GPS Section Three (10---13) The smart highways will appear along with smart cars Writing of Strategy Text A Illustrative article Sentence structure briefly word usage vividly After-Reading Going over Some contend question P42 Language Sense Enhancement Poems and Quotations P44-P45 Dictation Key words and Key phrases Structure and Comprehensive Exercise P50-P53 Unit Two Smart Cars Text B Intelligent Vehicles Teaching Method: Ask-based learning (The emphasis focus on the task rather than the language) Key words 1 outline----n 轮廓 提纲 ----vt 概述 略述 eg: The director outlined his plan for the company’s future Since he did not prepare for the entire story before class he read an outlined the plot instead 2 implication eg: The new report has far-reaching implications for the future of broadcasting 3 therefore----adv then so 4 feasible----adj achievable likely possible // impossible eg: It’s not feasible to follow your proposals 5 realistic---adj eg: Be realistic----you cannot expect a big salary at eighteen reality ---n eg: The house looks very old, but in reality it is quite new We thought they had come to repair the phone, but in reality, they were burglars. realize / realise eg: When I heard the noise on the roof, I realized that it was raining 6 component----n 成分 组成部件 组件 ----adj 组成的 合成的 eg: Surprise is an essential component of my plan 7 diverse----adj 不同的 多种多样的 eg: Her interests are very diverse be diverse from 8 permanent----adj constant lasting persistent // enduring unfading \\ temporary impermanent eg: True love should be permanent 9 implement----n tool instrument eg: Man’s earliest implements were carved from stone and bone 10 equivalent----adj -----n eg: What is $5 equivalent to in French francs Physics is equivalent to the science which was called natural philosophy in history Be equivalent to 等于 11 appropriate eg: Sports cloths are not appropriate for a formal meeting He was accused of appropriating company’ s funds 12 mature----adj 充分发育的 成熟的 深思熟虑的 保险单到期的 eg: He is not mature enough to be paid too much duty 13 introduction----正式的介绍 引言 序言 绪论 前言 推行 采用 introductory-----adj 引导的 序言的 eg: Out company wrote a letter of introduction for me Key phrase Benefit from Who stands to benefit from the old man’s death In cooperation with The film was produced in cooperation with the BBC View sth as sth The attack on the ship was viewed as an act of war Provided that Provided that we get good weather it will be a successful holiday Sentence Paraphrases 1 We might eliminate more than ninety percent of traffic crashes that are caused by human errors such as misjudgments and inattention ( If vehicles could drive themselves, it is probable that the over ninety percent of traffic accidents will decrease. Those accidents are always resulted from human errors like misjudgment and inattention ) 2 Those are vulnerable to weather problems and provide less accurate measurements (The computer vision system are easily influenced by weather problems and give some information that isn't accurate) 3 However, it should not take long for the costs to become affordable to a wide range of vehicle owners and operators (However, after not a long time the costs about vehicle automation technologies will become lower, so that plenty of vehicle owners and operators can buy them ) 4 The perception could thus become a self-fulfilling prophecy (The idea could be realized in the end ) 5 Now at the start of the new century, it is worth taking a fresh look at this concept and asking how automation might change transportation and the quality of our lives (When in the beginning of new century, taking a new perspective at this concept and thinking how automation would change transportation and our life quality are problems that are worth attention) 6 With advance in technology, we are readily visualize your trips on an automated highway system ( Because of the developments of technology, we are able to watch your trip by an automated highway system ) 7 The aim is to maintain balance flow among the lanes and to avoid obstacles or incidents that might block a lane (The aim is to make flow among the lanes balance and to avoid the block of a lane ) 8 There remain a number of difficulties to be overcome. ( Many difficulties remain to be overcome ) 9 It is important to recognize that automated vehicles are already carrying million of passengers every day ( To recognize that automated vehicles are already carrying huge sums of passengers every day is important ) Summary of Text B The passage takes a fresh look at the concept that the future vehicles drive themselves and discusses the value of how automation might change transportation and the quality of our lives. The author outlines its benefits from six aspects. At the end of the passage, the author emphasizes that it can be turned into reality in the near future. Writing Strategy of Text B Illustrative article Subtitle---help reader understanding clearly logically arrangement Conclusion of Unit Two Assignment of Unit Two