Unit 7 Teaching Objectives 1. Topic: 2. Grammar Points: 3. Vocabulary: 4. Writing: Text A A.课文内容提要 The brain is a complex and delicate part of the human organism. It works in special ways through the three systems: the Sensory system which functions as receiving information from the outside world; the Motor system which is of the function of sending instructions to the body; the Homeostatic system which functions as telling parts of the body how to work or more. But the computer can’t do these ways nowadays because it lacks imagination. B.词汇详解 1. complicated adj. 1.错综的，复杂的 The machine of a computer is very complicated. 电脑的机件是很复杂的。 2.费解的，棘手的 Don’t ask me such complicated questions. 不要问我这样复杂的问题。 2.Fold U.1.折叠，对折 She folded the handkerchief and put it in her pocket. 她折好手绢，放进口袋。 2.合拢，交叠 The little child folded her hands in prayer. 这个小孩合上双手祈祷。 3.可折叠 If you’re going camping you’ll need a folding bed. 你如果要去露营，便需要一张能折叠的床。 n.褶层，褶痕 [记忆技巧]foldaway adj.可折叠的；folder n.纸夹，文书夹； fivefold 五倍 [常用短语]fold in混合，拌入；fold up（商店）关闭，垮台 3.capacity n. 1.容量，容积，生产量 ? This is a building of very large capacity. 这是一栋容量极大的建筑物。 2.能力，能量 ? The book is beyond my son’s capacity. 这本书我儿子看不懂。 3.性格，地位，身份 ? I’m speaking in my capacity as minister of trade. 我以贸易部长的身份说话。 [记忆技巧]capacious adj.容量大的 [常用短语]be filled to capacity 全满 4.limit n. 1.限度，界限，边界 ? I can’t walk ten miles. I know my own limits. 我走不了十英里路，我了解自己体力的限度。 2.无法忍受的人或事 ? You’re the limit! Can’t you make your mind up! 你真叫人忍受不了！难道你就不能作个决定！ u. 1.限制，限定 ? We must limit ourselves to one cake each. 我们必需限定自己一个人一块蛋糕。 [记忆技巧]limitation n. 限制，缺陷；limited adj. 受限制的，负有限责任的；limiting adj. 限制的；limitless adj. 无限的，无止境的；unlimited 无限的 [常用短语]limited liability 有限责任 5.absorb v. 1.吸收，吸取 ? The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teachers could give him. 那个聪明的男孩吸收了所有老师能传授给他的知识。 2.使全神贯注，使专心 ? I was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear your call. 我正专心看书，没听到你在叫唤。 3.(指大国家，大公司）并吞，兼并 ? Most little shops have been absorbed into big business. 大部分的小店都被并入大公司。 [记忆技巧]absorbent n./adj. 吸收剂，能吸收的；absorbing adj. 引人入胜的；absorption n. 吸收，专心，兼并 [常用短语]be absorbed in sth 被……吸引住；专注于 6. focus v. 1.使……集中于焦点，使……合焦点 ? The boy focused sun’s ray on a piece of wood with a burning glass. 这个男孩用凸透镜使太阳光线的焦点集于一块木头上。 2.专心思考 ? He must be very tired; he doesn’t seem to focus at all. 今天他一定很累；他似乎无法专心思考。 n. 1.中心点，焦点 2.焦距 3.(注意力的）集中点 ? She always wants to be the focus of attention. 他总是想成为注意的焦点。 [常用短语]focus on 使集中，in(to)/out of focus 清晰（不清晰），在焦点上（外） 7.recall v. 1.回想起，记得 ? I can’t recall seeing him. 我记不起见过他。 2.召回（某人） ? The government recalled the general after he lost the battle. 将军打败仗后，政府将他召回。 3.取回（某物） ? The makers have recalled a lot of cars that were unsafe. 制造厂已将许多不安全的车子收回了。 [记忆技巧]recallable adj. 想得起来的 [常用短语]beyond/past recall 想不起来 C.词组用法 1.come to (one’s)mind 想到；出现在（某人的）脑海里 ? Although I know it well, the name just won’t come to my mind. 尽管很了解它，但我就是想不起名字。 ? The meeting with the evil people comes to their minds from time to time. 他们脑海里不时出现与那些罪恶之人相见的场面。 2.go in one ear and out the other 左耳进右耳出 ? The teacher’s direction to the boy went in one ear and out the other. 老师对那个男孩的教导左耳进右耳出。 ? Mother scolded Mary, but it just went in one ear and out the other. 玛丽对母亲谴责是左耳进右耳出。 3.up and down 上下地，来去，来回 ? The naughty boy, like a monkey, enjoys jumping up and down. 那个顽皮男孩像个猴子一样喜欢上蹦下跳。 ? People were walking up and down in front of the school. 在学校门前总有人来回穿行。 4.be interested in sth. 对……感兴趣 ? I was interested in your remark. 我对你所说的感兴趣。 ? He isn’t interested in the teacher’s direction so that he often feels sleepy in class. 他对老师的教导不感兴趣，所以常在课堂上昏昏欲睡。 5.build into 使成为（某物）一部分；固定在某物上 ? The rate of pay was built into her contract. 薪水的多少列明在她的合同里。 ? The cupboards are built into the walls. 橱柜是嵌进墙里的。 D.疑难词语辨析 1.incident(n.)与accident(n.) 两者在作名词时都译为“事故，事件”，但incident着重于“事情，事变，事件”，如the Xi’an Incident 西安事变；accident 着重于“（意外）事故”，常指“天灾人祸”等，如：a car accident 撞车事故，a fire accident 失火事故。再如： ? The quarrelling incident in the bus caused the traffic accident. 由于在车上吵架（件事）导了交通事故的发生。 （其中的incident 与accident 不能互换。） 另外，incident还可作形容词，表示“附带的，有关系的如： ? These duties are incident upon me as a teacher. 这些是我身为教师的职责。 2. seem (v.), look (v.)与appear (v.) seem是“似乎，好像“之意，表示对事物做出判断虽有一定的根据，但仍有所怀疑。 look是“貌似”之意，指凭视觉作出的判断，但含有较多的真实性。 appear 与look一样，也是凭视觉的印象而产生的一种看法，但这种看法可能是与实际不相符的。 ? It seems like years since I last saw you. 自从上次跟你见面后，好像很久没见你了。 ? Judging by her letter, she looks to be the best person for the job. 从她的信看起来，她似乎是这工作最适当的人选。 ? He appears to be your friend but I doubt if he is. 他看起来好像是你的朋友，不过我怀疑。 另外,appear, seem可跟that-从句或不定式，而look不行；look, seem可跟as if 从句，但appear不行；seem可与like连用，而其它两者不行。但在很多场合它们是可以互用的。 ? It appears/seems that he’s guilty. 看来他似乎有罪。 ? It seems/looks as if there will be an election soon. 看情形似乎不久就会有选举。 3. sense (n.), sensation (n.)和feeling (n.) sense表示感觉，感官（视觉，听觉，嗅觉，味觉等）。 sensation感觉，指通过五官传入，又经大脑施以统一化的感觉，还指心理状态、兴奋、兴趣等到方面的感觉。 feeling感觉，普通用语，指寒冷、痛等的感觉。 ? We get most of our knowledge through the five senses. 我们的大部分知识是通过五种官能得来的。 ? I know the train had stopped, but I had the sensation that it was moving backwards. 我知道火车已经停了，但是我觉得火车在后退。 ? I have a feeling of hunger. 我感觉饿了。 E.课文重点难点详解。 1…and yet less is know… (Paragraph 1, line 1) yet在此作连词用，表示“可是，然而”，可以跟and与but一起用。 ? She is a funny girl, (and/but) yet you can’t help liking her. 她人很滑稽，但你禁不住会喜欢她。 2…over the centuries (paragraph 2, line2) over在此作介词，表示“在……时间内，在……过程中”。 ? Can we talk about it over dinner? 我们可以在晚饭时谈论此事吗？ ? Over the years he’s become more and more patient. 经过这许多年他已经变得越来越有耐心了。 3…in order to… (Paragraph 2, line 3) in order to 表示“为了，以便”，与之相似的表达方式有so as to,二者都可引导一个表示目的不定式短语。 另外，in order that与so that是两个引导目的状语从句的连词短语。In order that及so that后面都接从句；so that 除了接目的状语从句外，还可接结果状语从句。 ? In order to save time, we used the computer. 为了节省时间,我们动用了电脑. ? I lent him my bike in order that he could save time. 我把自行车借给他,以便他能节省一些时间。 ? He gets up early so that he won’t be late. 他早起床以便不迟到。 4School-teachers have a description for this. (Paragraph 4, line4) 学校教师这样描述这种情况。 5. Though, of course, there are times… (Paragraph 4, line 8) though可作连词和副词用，表示“虽然……但是……,即使……”，它作副词时不用于句子开头。 ? Poor though I am, I can afford beer. 我虽穷,但我还喝得起啤酒。 ? It’s hard work. I enjoy it though. 工作虽苦,但是我干得挺快活的。 6. It will be a long time before a computer is invented that can do this… (Paragraph 7, line 5) 要发明一台能做这一切的计算机，还需要经过漫长的时间…… It will be a long time before…即是It will take a long time to do sth.。 F.课文佳句背诵 1. The brain is the most complicated part of the human body, and yet less is known about it than any other part. 2. Over the centuries, the cortex has grown, and it is now deeply folded in order to provide a larger surface area without requiring a greater total volume. 3. Very old people often remember incidents from their childhood, which have not come to their minds for sixty to seventy years. If we have stored something in our memory, it is there. 4. Schoolteachers have a description for this, saying that things “go in one ear and out the other”. 5. It will be a very long time before a computer is invented that can do this because imagination is a very difficult thing to build into integrated circuits and silicon chips. G.课文参考译文 大 脑 大脑是人体最复杂的一部分。但是人们对它的认识却比任何其他部分都少。它体积很小（正常人的人脑重约一公斤）,脑袋较大的人并不意味着脑袋更聪明。 大脑皮层（外面部分）比大脑的实际大小更重要。大脑皮层经过几个世纪的进化，现在已有了许多深深的褶皱以便在无需增大体积的情况下提供更大的表面积。 大脑通过感官系统接受外界的信息。这些信息由眼睛、鼻子、耳朵、嘴巴及身体的外表来聚集。然后储存在容量极大的记忆里。实际上，科学家们并没有完全了解记忆是如何起作用的，但他们也没有说明大脑储存的信息量有任何限度。同样，信息看起来永不丢失。非常老的人们经常记得已有六七十年来从没有在他们大脑出现过的童年往事。假如我们把信息存在大脑里，它就会留在那里。但是我们能够把它提出来用吗？这可是个难题。 我们接受到的一些信息只是进入短期记忆中，这种信息我们只能保留一两分钟，然后就丢失。学生如果对哪门功课不感兴趣的话，在课堂上他们好像常用短期记忆。学校教师描述这一情况时说学生们“左耳进右耳出”。但如果孩子感兴趣的话，他就把信息储存在长期记忆里，且永远不丢失（当然，不过他也有记不起来的时候）。 大脑通过运动神经系统把指令传送给身体，其使手臂和腿部运动、眼睛注视、手掌开合、颌部上下活动等等。通过运动神经系统我们甚至可以短时间内闭气， 但不能长久。然而，使身体去做一些不利于它的事是很困难的。试着用刀来割自己的肉，用火柴来烧自己的身体，你会感到这是很难做到的。 还有大脑下意识控制的第三个系统，称作体内平衡系统。通过这个系统，大脑告诉心脏跳多快，消化系统吸收多少食物，体内的腺体什么时候出汗，流口水等。这些通常我们无法控制的，尽管东方的某些苦行僧或印度的神秘主义者声称人们能控制体内平衡系统中的许多部分。 所以大脑是人体器官一个复杂而精巧的部件。除了上文提到的三个系统外，它还有一些特殊的功能。它可以利用储存的信息来进行创造性思维，使人类在科学、艺术和技术方面获得惊人的进步。要发明一台能做到这一切的电脑还需要一段漫长的时间，因为要把想象力设计到集成电路和硅片上是一件非常困难的事。 Text B A.课文内容提要 People send information in three steps and through two types of memory, short term and long term. Physical experiments on short-term memory are carried out. They indicate that even slight delays or interruption can prevent information from being stored and that people asked to identify a certain number will search the whole set of memorized numbers even after finding the answer required. They also explain that how scientists are interested in finding out short-term memory becomes long-term memory, which, however, still remains a mystery. B.词汇详解 1. retain v. 1.保留，保持 ? He has a good memory that retains facts. 他有个过目不忘的记忆力。 2.留住 ? The farmers built a dam to retain the water of the lake. 农民修筑一道堤以蓄湖泊的水。 [记忆技巧]retainer n. 侍从，门客 2.flash v. 1.闪出，亮出，夸示 ? He flashed a one-pound note at the man by the door. 他向门旁边的人亮出一张一英镑的钞票。 2.使发出闪光 ? She flashed a sudden smile at him. 她突然投给他一丝微笑。 3.闪过，掠过，突然出现于心头 ? It flashed into/across/through his mind that she might have been married. 他突然醒悟到她能已结婚。 n.1.闪光 ? flashes of lightning 闪电 2.闪光灯（照相） ? Did you use flash? 你用了闪光灯吗？ [记忆技巧]flashbulb n.(照相用）闪光灯泡；flashlight n.手电筒；flashback n.倒（插）叙 [常用短语]flash in the pan昙花一现；in/like a flash瞬间，即刻；quick as a flash迅如闪电；flash back回想，回溯 3. specific adj.1.明确的，具体的，不含糊的 ? The book gives specific instructions on how to make a desk. 这本书列出了制造桌子的详尽说明。 2.特殊的，特定的，特有的 ? A specific attribute of the elephant is its long trunk. 大象的特有属性就是它那长鼻子。 n. 1. (多作复数）具体情况，细节 ? The specifics of the accident were hazy. 事故的具体情况仍不清楚。 2.特效的 ? There is no specific for cancer. 治癌症还没有什么特效药。 [记忆技巧]specifically adv.明确地，特有地，特殊地；specify v.指定，详述，说明；specification n.指定，详细说明书（或计划书），清单；species(单复数同）种类；specimen标本，样品 [常用短语]specific gravity 比重 4. process n.1.(大自然的）作用，活动 ? Coal was formed out of dead forests by chemical processes. 煤是已死森林经过化学作用产生的。 2.(专技）隆起 ? There are two bony processes on each side of the mouth. 嘴边有两块突骨。 3.步骤，过程，进程，（尤其生产的）工序 ? The firm is now in the process of moving the machines to a new factory. 公司现在正把机器移至新工厂。 v.1.加工，冲印（照片） ? Have your photographs been processed? 你的照片冲印了吗？ 2.处理；小心准备，仔细检查 ? The plans are now being processed. 计划现在正在审批。 [记忆技巧]proceed v.进行，开始；proceeding n.程序，进程；procession行进，行列；procedure n.过程，步骤 [常用短语]in(the)process of在……的过程中，经过（一段时间) 5. identify v. 1.识别，认出，鉴定 ? I identified the criminal. 我指认出了凶手。 2.认为…….一致，使等同于 ? I’d identify the two tastes. 我要辨认出两回事种味道是否相同。 [记忆技巧]identification n.证明，证明身份的文件；identity n.身份，本体，相同，相似；identical adj.同一的，完全相似的；unidentified不能确认的 [常用短语]identify with使某人与某物有联系，认为某物与某物相等，认同；identity card身份证 6. directly adv.1.直接地，正好 ? He lives directly opposite the church. 他正好住在教堂的对面。 2.马上，立即 ? Answer me directly! 马上回答我！ 3.不久，立刻，立即 ? He should be here directly if you don’t mind waiting. 请等一下，他一会儿就来了。 conj. 一……就…… ? I came directly I got your message. 我一接到你的信就来了。 [记忆技巧]direct adj/v.直接的；指点、指引、指导、指挥、针对；directive adj./n.训示的；指令；direction n.方向，指挥、指示，说明；director n.处长、局长、主任，理事、导演 7.associate v.1.使结交或结伙 ? If we can associate the two firms, we will be much stronger. 我们能合并这两家公司的话，那力量就雄厚得多了。 2.联想 ? I associate politics with war. 我把政治跟战争联系在一起。 n.1.(尤指工作中的）同事，伙伴 ? He is not a friend but a business associate. 他并非朋友而是生意上的伙伴。 2.准会员 [记忆技巧]association n.协会，结合 [常用短语]be associated with与……有联系；be in association with sb.与某人有往来 C.词组用法 1.no matter how 不管怎样 ? And would you defend me no matter how all these people attacked me? 不管所有这些人怎样攻击我，你会保护我吗？ ? No matter how badly she had slept she always get up early. 不管她睡得怎样的不好，她总是很早起床。 2.over and over again 反复地，一遍又一遍地 ? They sang the same sang over and over again at the top of their voices. 他们一遍又一遍地大声唱着那首歌。 3.play a part in 在……中起作用 ? The teacher plays a very active part in this type of classroom activity. 老师在这种课堂活动中起到非常积极的作用。 ? Please explain the part that weather plays in our country’s Trade. 请解释一下天气在我国贸易中起的作用。 4.a series of 一系列 ? A series of wet days spoiled our vacation. 一系列的潮湿天气破坏了我们的假期。 ? A whole series of mistakes have led to the present dilemma. 一连串的错误导致了目前的困镜。 5.fade away 逐渐消失 ? When the police arrived the crowd faded away. 警察到达时，人群都散去了。 6.as soon as 一……就…… ? Could you ring me up here as soon as he arrives? 你可以在他一到就在这儿打电话给我吗？ ? I’ll return the book as soon as I have finished reading it. 我一看完这本书就还给你。 D.疑难词语辨析 1.process(n.)与procedure(n.) process特指制造、印刷、照相等的工作方法或过程。 procedure特别指会议或法律方面的程序或手续。 ? The workers have developed a new process of dying. 工人们创造了一种新的染色法。 ? So much time was spent on settling procedure that little actual business was finished at the party political meeting. 该政党政治会议在程序安排上花太多时间以致实际事务完成得很少。 2.in front of, in the front of 与before in front of指“在某物（范围之外）的前面“；in the front of指“在某物之内的前部”。 ? In front of the house was a tall tree. 房前有一棵高树。 ? The living room is in the front of the house. 起居室是在房子的前部。 before指空间与时间均可，而in front of 一般只指空间；表示次序时常用before,用于抽象意义时也一般用before。 ? He walks before me. 他走在我前面。 ? We will never bow before difficulties. 我们永远不在困难面前低头。 3. entire (adj.), whole (adj.) 与total (adj.) 这三个词都可作“全部”讲。Entire与whole同义，一般情况下可交换使用；而entire可以修饰抽象名词，whole却不能。 ? He is in entire ignorance of it. 他完全不知道这事。 当修饰表示具体事物的名词时，多用whole.如： ? I will tell you the whole story in detail. 我要把全部事实对你细说。 total则有较强的计算意味。如： ? The total number of the persons here is 125. 总人数是125。 E.课文重点难点详解 1…. the former kind…the latter kind. (Paragraph 1, line5) the former(刚提及的二者中的）前者，the latter(指刚提及的二者中的）后者。 ? Of the two suggestions, I prefer the former. 这两个建议中，我较喜欢前者。 ? Of pigs and cows, the latter (=cows) are more valuable. 猪和牛比起来，后者较有价值。 而latter则表示“最近的，后来的”。 ? The engine has been greatly improved in later models. 在最近的模型中引擎大大改善了。 2.Subjects sit in small books,（paragraph3,line 2) subject在此表示（被挑选来体验某物或接受实验的）研究对象；实验品。 ? Rabbits and mice are often subjects for medical experiments. 兔和老鼠经常被作为医疗实验品。 3…. interruption occurs that blocks their search for a particular number. (Paragraph 3, line8) 此处是定语从句太长，置于谓语occurs的后面，blocks为定语从句的谓语动词，意思相当开prevent. 4. Surprisingly, people need to…(paragraph 5,line 1) Surprisingly在此处相当于It’s surprising that…表示“令人奇怪的是”，类似surprisingly这样的表达，即形容整个句子的副词有（un)fortunately,apparently,obviously等等。 5. depending on (paragraph 6, line 4) depending on”依赖，视…….而定“，亦作depend upon. ? Whether the game will be played depends on the weather. 球赛是否进行要看天气而定。 6. …or somewhere in between.(Paragraph 6, line 4) 意思为“或者处于两者之间”，in between表示“处于（某种位置、状态、空间）之间，如： ? I don’t care if she is black, while or in between. 我不介意她是黑是白，还是处于两者之间。 F.课文佳句背诵 1. No matter how the message is sent, it must arrive in a form that can be understood, retained, and later recalled by the brain. 2. Phychologists know a great deal about the former kind of memory, but the know very little about the latter kind. 3. A series of numbers is flashed on the screen, and the subjects are asked to identify a specific number to the right of the another number in the series. 4. The same event is organized and stored quite differently, depending on whether a person is calm, in panic, or somewhere in between. 5. Depressed persons can recall unpleasant memories quickly because these memories are more meaningful to them; that is, the memories are more directly associated with people’s unpleasant experiences. G.课文参考译文 记忆是怎样起作用的 在人类所有记忆中，信息是从一个人的记忆传给另一个人的记忆的。不管信息如何传递，都是以大脑能理解、保存，然后回的形式在进行的。这三种记忆过程是怎样起作的呢？回答这个问题之前，我们需要考虑到有两种记忆：即短期记忆和长期记忆这一事实。心理学家对前一种记忆了解颇多而对后一种了解却甚少。 在人的短期记忆中只能保留5-7条信息。然而，除非你反复地背这此信息，否则不到一分钟就会把它忘掉。这种短期记忆只是用来记忆别人刚才告诉你的一个名字或电话号码。短期记忆在思考和理解中起着重要作用。 很多心理学家都做过一个测试短记忆容量的标准的实验。受试者被要求确认在这一系列数字中的某个数字右侧的另一个具体数字。心理学家发现数字系列在屏幕闪过后立即问受试者问题时他们就能回答得很好。这一组数字作为“记忆影像”很容易被记住。如果提问时间哪怕拖延半秒钟，记忆影像就会逐渐消失，其精确度也会大大降低。当任何阻碍受试者搜寻一个特定数字的干扰发生时，他们也会很快忘掉这组数字系列。 在另一个测试短期记忆的有趣实验中，心理学家叫志愿者记住一张简单的数字表，例如2,4,7,8。受试者被要求迅速判断出表上是否有某一具体数字（如7），科学家发现受试都能够每秒搜寻到25-30个已记住的数字。这个测试也表明了当人们在脑海里搜寻记住的数列时，他们会因认出了一个相应数字就停止而是继续把整个数列搜寻完毕。 令人奇怪的是，人们需要在脑海里搜索整个已记住的数列；很难理解的是为什么人们在他们找到了一个相应的数字后还会继续搜寻。科学家解释说：“一种可能的解答是搜寻整个数列实际上可能比在中途停下来的搜寻速度还要快。”事实上，心理学家利用另一种方法要求受试者在找到测试数字后停止搜寻时，他们的搜寻速度便慢多了。科学家们对弄清短期心忆是如何变成长期记忆这一问题很感兴趣。他们知道这个过程受到年龄、遗传基因、激素和环境的影响。他们也知道，大脑储存信息的方式会因时间的不同而不同，同一事件的组织及储存方式也不同， 这要视一个人是镇静、惊慌或者是处于两者之间而定。心情郁积的人能很快地想起不愉快的往事。这种记忆对他们来说更有意义，也就是说，这种记忆与他们不愉快的经历有着更直接的联系。记忆影像如何储存，然后又被回忆起来，这个过程仍是一个未能解答的问题。 课外补充练习 I. Complete the following sentences with the proper forms of the words give in the brackets. 1. He is completely in his work. (absorb) 2. He has such a memory that he can remember the things in the past quite clearly. (capacity) 3. Can you George cooking the dinner. (imagination) 4. A wise man knows his own. (limit) 5. It breaks his mother’s heart that he has been in with the underground society. (associate) 6. The singing group is under the of Mr. White. (directly) 7. Surprisingly,her voice is even to her twin’s(identify) 8. Now that we’ve generally agreed, let’s get down to and make a plan.(specific) 9. We raised our of the enemy’s port when peace was established. (block) 10. The naughty boy is again pressing for cheese. (process) 11. I beg you to stop that light in my eyes. (flash) D.Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. 1. Sally,as well as her two brothers, interested in painting. A. has B.have C.is D.are 2. Does business with that fellow is bound to lose money. A. Whoever B.Who C.No matter who D.However 3. People tend to dislike . A.being laughed at B.being laughed C.at being laughed D.to be laughed 4. They have accomplished has never been accomplished ever before. A. That B.What C.It D.Things 5. The primary school lays special maths. A. stress at B.stress about C.emphasis D.emphasis in 6. The sound of the motorboat away in the distance. A.faded B.fenced C.fancied D.fastened 7 . ,the engineer worked hard to make sure the machine would operate smoothly. A. He was old B.Old though he was C.Old he was D.Although was old 8. Work hard, you will succeed. A. or B. yet C. but D. and 9. Generally received the hospitable host, the guest went back home with satisfaction. A. After having been B.Have been C.Being D.After being 10.I don’t think you have heard of him before, ? A. don’t I B.haven’t you C.do I? D.have you 11. I let my children make their own decisions they’re older; I wouldn’t presume to interfere. A. after B.that C.then D.now that 12. The museum and the library are situated at the top the hill they command a fine view. A. there B.where C.in which D.at which 13. Hardly were these words out of his mouth he regretted having said. A. than B.and C.when D.where 14. I’m sorry to inform you that I have no choice to refuse your application. A. and B.than C.but D.rather 15. The total amount of money we paid for the paint 1500 pounds. A.comes B.come to C.reaches D.reach 16. There is nothing we can do as calmly as we can. A. but to wait B.but waiting C.but wait D.but waited 17. Second thoughts, I am inclined to agree with you. A. On B.By C.In D.Under 18. Since his retirement, Peter Smith, who was a teacher,has written four novels. A. lately B.usually C.formerly D.already 19. It is time we computers to the production of iron and steel. A. will apply B.applied C.have applied D.would have applied 20. The show by the time we arrive at the theatre. A. has started B.will have started. C.will start D.have started 21.In the end, the gasoline buses the trolley buses. A.take away with B.take place of C.take up with D.take the place of 22.The servant is not used to like a horse. A.be treated B.treat C.being treated D.treating 23. Sailing down the Yangtze River, . A.a terrible accident happened B.a boat collided with the ship C.the boat collided with a ship D.I saw a terrible accident to happen 24. What would you rather ,gold rings or necklaces? A. to buy B.bought C.buy D.to be bought 25. Nancy had her meaning by simplifying the theories with a picture. A. comprehended B.to be comprehended C.comprehend D.to comprehend ?.Translate the following into English. 1.让汤姆给你转告任何信息是没用的。他把我对他所说的一切都当作耳边风。 2.他走路还是游泳？前者似乎较有可能。 3.我已经在街道来回驾驶十分钟找你。 4.她把桌布折好放到碗橱里。 5.我躺在床上回顾他对我所说的事情。 6.童年的所有记忆从她脑海里逐渐消失。 7.我很懊恼他那种反复地自言自语的主方式。 8.然后他回去发表在这里准备的一系列演讲。 课外补充练习答案及详解 1.absorbed. absorb表示“使专心，全神贯注于……”时常用过去分词加介词in. 2.capacious.用capacity的形容词形式，这里a capacious memory表示“很强的记忆力”。 3.imagine.imagine doing sth.表示“想象做某事”。 4.limitations.表示“缺点、缺陷”。整个句子意思为“聪明人有自和之明”。 5.association.be in association with (sb.)表示“与（某人）有往来。 6.direction。Under the direction of…表示“在……指挥下”。 7.identical。Be identical to/with表示“与……完全相似”。 8.specifics。作为名词表示“细微问题、细节”。 9.blockade。名词，在raise/lift a blockade表示“解除封锁”。 10.processed。Process的过去分词充当形容貌词用，processed cheese表示“精致干酪”。 11.flashing。Stop doing sth.表示停止做某事，整句话的意思为“求你不要用闪光灯照我的眼睛”。 ? 1.C?￡主谓一致用法，由as well as连接的从句，主语谓语的单复数形式取决于其前的名词。 2.A。只有whoever才能既充当从句的主语，同时整个从句又担任全句的主语。 3.A。Dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事，整个句子的意思是“人们常常不喜欢被人嘲笑”。因此要选用动名词的被动式。 4.B。What既是从名中的主语，又是主句的主语。 5.C。Lay emphasis/stress on sth.为固定搭配，表示“强调”。 6.A。Fade away短语表示逐渐消失。 7.B。这是由(as)though引起的让步状语从句的倒装形式。 8.D。And和or都可以用在表条件的祈使句后，结果主句之前。但and表示“那么(=then)”;or表示“否则”。 9.D。只有after being在形式和逻辑上才符合句意，A。答案画蛇添足了，having done已有after的意思。 10.D。反意疑问主句为I think/believe/suppose等时，反问句的形式与从句保持一致。 11.D。Now that相当于as, since等，表示原因相对的汉语意思为“既然”，有时that可省略。 12.B。限不寒而栗地点的我词，定语从句由where引导的先决定条件是它在定语从句中必须担任状语。 13.C。Hardly…when为固定搭配，相近的表达方式有scarcely…when/before;no sooner…than,都表示“刚……就……”. 14.C。Have no choice but to do sth为固定用法，表示“别无选择只能做某事”。 15.C。主谓一致，主语amount为单数，reach为及物动词。 16.C。There is nothing sb.can do but do为固定搭配，表示“别无选择只能做……”。与No.14属同一结构，但but前使用了can，do等动词时，but后要跟不带to 的不定式。 17.A。On second thoughts为固定搭配，表示“仔细考虑后”。要注意区分at first thought乍一想和at the second thought of…一想到……。 18.C。Formerly作副词表示“从前，以前”。 19.B。It is(high)time后的宾语从句中用动词过去式表示虚拟语气，表示早该做什么了。 20.B。 由by the time引起的时间状语所修饰的句子中谓语动词将来完成时。 21.B。Take the place of相当于be in place of “代替”，而take up with表示“致力于……，对……发生兴趣”。 22.C。Be used to加名词或动词表示“习惯于……”。 23.C。前半句为现在分词作表示伴随状况状语，分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；collide with表示“互撞、碰撞”。 24.C。Would rather do sth.表示“愿意做某事”。 25.A。Have sth.done表示“让……被做”。 ? 1. It’s no use asking Tom to deliver any message for you. Everything I say to him goes in one ear and out of/at the other. 2. Did he walk or swim? The former seems more likely. 3. I’ve been driving up and down the street for ten minutes, looking for you. 4. She folded up the tablecloth and put it away in the cupboard. 5. I lay in bed and recalled what he had told me. 6. All memory of her childhood faded away from her mind. 7.I was annoyed by the way he kept murmuring to himself over and over again. 8.Then he went back to deliver a series of lectures that he prepared here.