Unit 7 Text B A.课文内容提要 People send information in three steps and through two types of memory, short term and long term. Physical experiments on short-term memory are carried out. They indicate that even slight delays or interruption can prevent information from being stored and that people asked to identify a certain number will search the whole set of memorized numbers even after finding the answer required. They also explain that how scientists are interested in finding out short-term memory becomes long-term memory, which, however, still remains a mystery. B.词汇详解 1. retain v. 1.保留，保持 ? He has a good memory that retains facts. 他有个过目不忘的记忆力。 2.留住 ? The farmers built a dam to retain the water of the lake. 农民修筑一道堤以蓄湖泊的水。 [记忆技巧]retainer n. 侍从，门客 2.flash v. 1.闪出，亮出，夸示 ? He flashed a one-pound note at the man by the door. 他向门旁边的人亮出一张一英镑的钞票。 2.使发出闪光 ? She flashed a sudden smile at him. 她突然投给他一丝微笑。 3.闪过，掠过，突然出现于心头 ? It flashed into/across/through his mind that she might have been married. 他突然醒悟到她能已结婚。 n.1.闪光 ? flashes of lightning 闪电 2.闪光灯（照相） ? Did you use flash? 你用了闪光灯吗？ [记忆技巧]flashbulb n.(照相用）闪光灯泡；flashlight n.手电筒；flashback n.倒（插）叙 [常用短语]flash in the pan昙花一现；in/like a flash瞬间，即刻；quick as a flash迅如闪电；flash back回想，回溯 3. specific adj.1.明确的，具体的，不含糊的 ? The book gives specific instructions on how to make a desk. 这本书列出了制造桌子的详尽说明。 2.特殊的，特定的，特有的 ? A specific attribute of the elephant is its long trunk. 大象的特有属性就是它那长鼻子。 n. 1. (多作复数）具体情况，细节 ? The specifics of the accident were hazy. 事故的具体情况仍不清楚。 2.特效的 ? There is no specific for cancer. 治癌症还没有什么特效药。 [记忆技巧]specifically adv.明确地，特有地，特殊地；specify v.指定，详述，说明；specification n.指定，详细说明书（或计划书），清单；species(单复数同）种类；specimen标本，样品 [常用短语]specific gravity 比重 4. process n.1.(大自然的）作用，活动 ? Coal was formed out of dead forests by chemical processes. 煤是已死森林经过化学作用产生的。 2.(专技）隆起 ? There are two bony processes on each side of the mouth. 嘴边有两块突骨。 3.步骤，过程，进程，（尤其生产的）工序 ? The firm is now in the process of moving the machines to a new factory. 公司现在正把机器移至新工厂。 v.1.加工，冲印（照片） ? Have your photographs been processed? 你的照片冲印了吗？ 2.处理；小心准备，仔细检查 ? The plans are now being processed. 计划现在正在审批。 [记忆技巧]proceed v.进行，开始；proceeding n.程序，进程；procession行进，行列；procedure n.过程，步骤 [常用短语]in(the)process of在……的过程中，经过（一段时间) 5. identify v. 1.识别，认出，鉴定 ? I identified the criminal. 我指认出了凶手。 2.认为…….一致，使等同于 ? I’d identify the two tastes. 我要辨认出两回事种味道是否相同。 [记忆技巧]identification n.证明，证明身份的文件；identity n.身份，本体，相同，相似；identical adj.同一的，完全相似的；unidentified不能确认的 [常用短语]identify with使某人与某物有联系，认为某物与某物相等，认同；identity card身份证 6. directly adv.1.直接地，正好 ? He lives directly opposite the church. 他正好住在教堂的对面。 2.马上，立即 ? Answer me directly! 马上回答我！ 3.不久，立刻，立即 ? He should be here directly if you don’t mind waiting. 请等一下，他一会儿就来了。 conj. 一……就…… ? I came directly I got your message. 我一接到你的信就来了。 [记忆技巧]direct adj/v.直接的；指点、指引、指导、指挥、针对；directive adj./n.训示的；指令；direction n.方向，指挥、指示，说明；director n.处长、局长、主任，理事、导演 7.associate v.1.使结交或结伙 ? If we can associate the two firms, we will be much stronger. 我们能合并这两家公司的话，那力量就雄厚得多了。 2.联想 ? I associate politics with war. 我把政治跟战争联系在一起。 n.1.(尤指工作中的）同事，伙伴 ? He is not a friend but a business associate. 他并非朋友而是生意上的伙伴。 2.准会员 [记忆技巧]association n.协会，结合 [常用短语]be associated with与……有联系；be in association with sb.与某人有往来 C.词组用法 1.no matter how 不管怎样 ? And would you defend me no matter how all these people attacked me? 不管所有这些人怎样攻击我，你会保护我吗？ ? No matter how badly she had slept she always get up early. 不管她睡得怎样的不好，她总是很早起床。 2.over and over again 反复地，一遍又一遍地 ? They sang the same sang over and over again at the top of their voices. 他们一遍又一遍地大声唱着那首歌。 3.play a part in 在……中起作用 ? The teacher plays a very active part in this type of classroom activity. 老师在这种课堂活动中起到非常积极的作用。 ? Please explain the part that weather plays in our country’s Trade. 请解释一下天气在我国贸易中起的作用。 4.a series of 一系列 ? A series of wet days spoiled our vacation. 一系列的潮湿天气破坏了我们的假期。 ? A whole series of mistakes have led to the present dilemma. 一连串的错误导致了目前的困镜。 5.fade away 逐渐消失 ? When the police arrived the crowd faded away. 警察到达时，人群都散去了。 6.as soon as 一……就…… ? Could you ring me up here as soon as he arrives? 你可以在他一到就在这儿打电话给我吗？ ? I’ll return the book as soon as I have finished reading it. 我一看完这本书就还给你。 D.疑难词语辨析 1.process(n.)与procedure(n.) process特指制造、印刷、照相等的工作方法或过程。 procedure特别指会议或法律方面的程序或手续。 ? The workers have developed a new process of dying. 工人们创造了一种新的染色法。 ? So much time was spent on settling procedure that little actual business was finished at the party political meeting. 该政党政治会议在程序安排上花太多时间以致实际事务完成得很少。 2.in front of, in the front of 与before in front of指“在某物（范围之外）的前面“；in the front of指“在某物之内的前部”。 ? In front of the house was a tall tree. 房前有一棵高树。 ? The living room is in the front of the house. 起居室是在房子的前部。 before指空间与时间均可，而in front of 一般只指空间；表示次序时常用before,用于抽象意义时也一般用before。 ? He walks before me. 他走在我前面。 ? We will never bow before difficulties. 我们永远不在困难面前低头。 3. entire (adj.), whole (adj.) 与total (adj.) 这三个词都可作“全部”讲。Entire与whole同义，一般情况下可交换使用；而entire可以修饰抽象名词，whole却不能。 ? He is in entire ignorance of it. 他完全不知道这事。 当修饰表示具体事物的名词时，多用whole.如： ? I will tell you the whole story in detail. 我要把全部事实对你细说。 total则有较强的计算意味。如： ? The total number of the persons here is 125. 总人数是125。 E.课文重点难点详解 1…. the former kind…the latter kind. (Paragraph 1, line5) the former(刚提及的二者中的）前者，the latter(指刚提及的二者中的）后者。 ? Of the two suggestions, I prefer the former. 这两个建议中，我较喜欢前者。 ? Of pigs and cows, the latter (=cows) are more valuable. 猪和牛比起来，后者较有价值。 而latter则表示“最近的，后来的”。 ? The engine has been greatly improved in later models. 在最近的模型中引擎大大改善了。 2.Subjects sit in small books,（paragraph3,line 2) subject在此表示（被挑选来体验某物或接受实验的）研究对象；实验品。 ? Rabbits and mice are often subjects for medical experiments. 兔和老鼠经常被作为医疗实验品。 3…. interruption occurs that blocks their search for a particular number. (Paragraph 3, line8) 此处是定语从句太长，置于谓语occurs的后面，blocks为定语从句的谓语动词，意思相当开prevent. 4. Surprisingly, people need to…(paragraph 5,line 1) Surprisingly在此处相当于It’s surprising that…表示“令人奇怪的是”，类似surprisingly这样的表达，即形容整个句子的副词有（un)fortunately,apparently,obviously等等。 5. depending on (paragraph 6, line 4) depending on”依赖，视…….而定“，亦作depend upon. ? Whether the game will be played depends on the weather. 球赛是否进行要看天气而定。 6. …or somewhere in between.(Paragraph 6, line 4) 意思为“或者处于两者之间”，in between表示“处于（某种位置、状态、空间）之间，如： ? I don’t care if she is black, while or in between. 我不介意她是黑是白，还是处于两者之间。 F.课文佳句背诵 1. No matter how the message is sent, it must arrive in a form that can be understood, retained, and later recalled by the brain. 2. Phychologists know a great deal about the former kind of memory, but the know very little about the latter kind. 3. A series of numbers is flashed on the screen, and the subjects are asked to identify a specific number to the right of the another number in the series. 4. The same event is organized and stored quite differently, depending on whether a person is calm, in panic, or somewhere in between. 5. Depressed persons can recall unpleasant memories quickly because these memories are more meaningful to them; that is, the memories are more directly associated with people’s unpleasant experiences. G.课文参考译文 记忆是怎样起作用的 在人类所有记忆中，信息是从一个人的记忆传给另一个人的记忆的。不管信息如何传递，都是以大脑能理解、保存，然后回的形式在进行的。这三种记忆过程是怎样起作的呢？回答这个问题之前，我们需要考虑到有两种记忆：即短期记忆和长期记忆这一事实。心理学家对前一种记忆了解颇多而对后一种了解却甚少。 在人的短期记忆中只能保留5-7条信息。然而，除非你反复地背这此信息，否则不到一分钟就会把它忘掉。这种短期记忆只是用来记忆别人刚才告诉你的一个名字或电话号码。短期记忆在思考和理解中起着重要作用。 很多心理学家都做过一个测试短记忆容量的标准的实验。受试者被要求确认在这一系列数字中的某个数字右侧的另一个具体数字。心理学家发现数字系列在屏幕闪过后立即问受试者问题时他们就能回答得很好。这一组数字作为“记忆影像”很容易被记住。如果提问时间哪怕拖延半秒钟，记忆影像就会逐渐消失，其精确度也会大大降低。当任何阻碍受试者搜寻一个特定数字的干扰发生时，他们也会很快忘掉这组数字系列。 在另一个测试短期记忆的有趣实验中，心理学家叫志愿者记住一张简单的数字表，例如2,4,7,8。受试者被要求迅速判断出表上是否有某一具体数字（如7），科学家发现受试都能够每秒搜寻到25-30个已记住的数字。这个测试也表明了当人们在脑海里搜寻记住的数列时，他们会因认出了一个相应数字就停止而是继续把整个数列搜寻完毕。 令人奇怪的是，人们需要在脑海里搜索整个已记住的数列；很难理解的是为什么人们在他们找到了一个相应的数字后还会继续搜寻。科学家解释说：“一种可能的解答是搜寻整个数列实际上可能比在中途停下来的搜寻速度还要快。”事实上，心理学家利用另一种方法要求受试者在找到测试数字后停止搜寻时，他们的搜寻速度便慢多了。科学家们对弄清短期心忆是如何变成长期记忆这一问题很感兴趣。他们知道这个过程受到年龄、遗传基因、激素和环境的影响。他们也知道，大脑储存信息的方式会因时间的不同而不同，同一事件的组织及储存方式也不同， 这要视一个人是镇静、惊慌或者是处于两者之间而定。心情郁积的人能很快地想起不愉快的往事。这种记忆对他们来说更有意义，也就是说，这种记忆与他们不愉快的经历有着更直接的联系。记忆影像如何储存，然后又被回忆起来，这个过程仍是一个未能解答的问题。 课外补充练习 I. Complete the following sentences with the proper forms of the words give in the brackets. 1. He is completely in his work. (absorb) 2. He has such a memory that he can remember the things in the past quite clearly. (capacity) 3. Can you George cooking the dinner. (imagination) 4. A wise man knows his own. (limit) 5. It breaks his mother’s heart that he has been in with the underground society. (associate) 6. The singing group is under the of Mr. White. (directly) 7. Surprisingly,her voice is even to her twin’s(identify) 8. Now that we’ve generally agreed, let’s get down to and make a plan.(specific) 9. We raised our of the enemy’s port when peace was established. (block) 10. The naughty boy is again pressing for cheese. (process) 11. I beg you to stop that light in my eyes. (flash) D.Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. 1. Sally,as well as her two brothers, interested in painting. A. has B.have C.is D.are 2. Does business with that fellow is bound to lose money. A. Whoever B.Who C.No matter who D.However 3. People tend to dislike . A.being laughed at B.being laughed C.at being laughed D.to be laughed 4. They have accomplished has never been accomplished ever before. A. That B.What C.It D.Things 5. The primary school lays special maths. A. stress at B.stress about C.emphasis D.emphasis in 6. The sound of the motorboat away in the distance. A.faded B.fenced C.fancied D.fastened 7 . ,the engineer worked hard to make sure the machine would operate smoothly. A. He was old B.Old though he was C.Old he was D.Although was old 8. Work hard, you will succeed. A. or B. yet C. but D. and 9. Generally received the hospitable host, the guest went back home with satisfaction. A. After having been B.Have been C.Being D.After being 10.I don’t think you have heard of him before, ? A. don’t I B.haven’t you C.do I? D.have you 11. I let my children make their own decisions they’re older; I wouldn’t presume to interfere. A. after B.that C.then D.now that 12. The museum and the library are situated at the top the hill they command a fine view. A. there B.where C.in which D.at which 13. Hardly were these words out of his mouth he regretted having said. A. than B.and C.when D.where 14. I’m sorry to inform you that I have no choice to refuse your application. A. and B.than C.but D.rather 15. The total amount of money we paid for the paint 1500 pounds. A.comes B.come to C.reaches D.reach 16. There is nothing we can do as calmly as we can. A. but to wait B.but waiting C.but wait D.but waited 17. Second thoughts, I am inclined to agree with you. A. On B.By C.In D.Under 18. Since his retirement, Peter Smith, who was a teacher,has written four novels. A. lately B.usually C.formerly D.already 19. It is time we computers to the production of iron and steel. A. will apply B.applied C.have applied D.would have applied 20. The show by the time we arrive at the theatre. A. has started B.will have started. C.will start D.have started 21.In the end, the gasoline buses the trolley buses. A.take away with B.take place of C.take up with D.take the place of 22.The servant is not used to like a horse. A.be treated B.treat C.being treated D.treating 23. Sailing down the Yangtze River, . A.a terrible accident happened B.a boat collided with the ship C.the boat collided with a ship D.I saw a terrible accident to happen 24. What would you rather ,gold rings or necklaces? A. to buy B.bought C.buy D.to be bought 25. Nancy had her meaning by simplifying the theories with a picture. A. comprehended B.to be comprehended C.comprehend D.to comprehend ?.Translate the following into English. 1.让汤姆给你转告任何信息是没用的。他把我对他所说的一切都当作耳边风。 2.他走路还是游泳？前者似乎较有可能。 3.我已经在街道来回驾驶十分钟找你。 4.她把桌布折好放到碗橱里。 5.我躺在床上回顾他对我所说的事情。 6.童年的所有记忆从她脑海里逐渐消失。 7.我很懊恼他那种反复地自言自语的主方式。 8.然后他回去发表在这里准备的一系列演讲。 课外补充练习答案及详解 1.absorbed. absorb表示“使专心，全神贯注于……”时常用过去分词加介词in. 2.capacious.用capacity的形容词形式，这里a capacious memory表示“很强的记忆力”。 3.imagine.imagine doing sth.表示“想象做某事”。 4.limitations.表示“缺点、缺陷”。整个句子意思为“聪明人有自和之明”。 5.association.be in association with (sb.)表示“与（某人）有往来。 6.direction。Under the direction of…表示“在……指挥下”。 7.identical。Be identical to/with表示“与……完全相似”。 8.specifics。作为名词表示“细微问题、细节”。 9.blockade。名词，在raise/lift a blockade表示“解除封锁”。 10.processed。Process的过去分词充当形容貌词用，processed cheese表示“精致干酪”。 11.flashing。Stop doing sth.表示停止做某事，整句话的意思为“求你不要用闪光灯照我的眼睛”。 ? 1.C?￡主谓一致用法，由as well as连接的从句，主语谓语的单复数形式取决于其前的名词。 2.A。只有whoever才能既充当从句的主语，同时整个从句又担任全句的主语。 3.A。Dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事，整个句子的意思是“人们常常不喜欢被人嘲笑”。因此要选用动名词的被动式。 4.B。What既是从名中的主语，又是主句的主语。 5.C。Lay emphasis/stress on sth.为固定搭配，表示“强调”。 6.A。Fade away短语表示逐渐消失。 7.B。这是由(as)though引起的让步状语从句的倒装形式。 8.D。And和or都可以用在表条件的祈使句后，结果主句之前。但and表示“那么(=then)”;or表示“否则”。 9.D。只有after being在形式和逻辑上才符合句意，A。答案画蛇添足了，having done已有after的意思。 10.D。反意疑问主句为I think/believe/suppose等时，反问句的形式与从句保持一致。 11.D。Now that相当于as, since等，表示原因相对的汉语意思为“既然”，有时that可省略。 12.B。限不寒而栗地点的我词，定语从句由where引导的先决定条件是它在定语从句中必须担任状语。 13.C。Hardly…when为固定搭配，相近的表达方式有scarcely…when/before;no sooner…than,都表示“刚……就……”. 14.C。Have no choice but to do sth为固定用法，表示“别无选择只能做某事”。 15.C。主谓一致，主语amount为单数，reach为及物动词。 16.C。There is nothing sb.can do but do为固定搭配，表示“别无选择只能做……”。与No.14属同一结构，但but前使用了can，do等动词时，but后要跟不带to 的不定式。 17.A。On second thoughts为固定搭配，表示“仔细考虑后”。要注意区分at first thought乍一想和at the second thought of…一想到……。 18.C。Formerly作副词表示“从前，以前”。 19.B。It is(high)time后的宾语从句中用动词过去式表示虚拟语气，表示早该做什么了。 20.B。 由by the time引起的时间状语所修饰的句子中谓语动词将来完成时。 21.B。Take the place of相当于be in place of “代替”，而take up with表示“致力于……，对……发生兴趣”。 22.C。Be used to加名词或动词表示“习惯于……”。 23.C。前半句为现在分词作表示伴随状况状语，分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；collide with表示“互撞、碰撞”。 24.C。Would rather do sth.表示“愿意做某事”。 25.A。Have sth.done表示“让……被做”。 ? 1. It’s no use asking Tom to deliver any message for you. Everything I say to him goes in one ear and out of/at the other. 2. Did he walk or swim? The former seems more likely. 3. I’ve been driving up and down the street for ten minutes, looking for you. 4. She folded up the tablecloth and put it away in the cupboard. 5. I lay in bed and recalled what he had told me. 6. All memory of her childhood faded away from her mind. 7.I was annoyed by the way he kept murmuring to himself over and over again. 8.Then he went back to deliver a series of lectures that he prepared here. Unit 8 Text A A.课文内容提要 Theoretically speaking, the early-airport arrivals should be rewarded while the late-airport ones should be punished. But this usually isn’t the case. And there are such people who pay off their taxi only just before boarding, but still get their luggage first when landing. To my great embarrassment, early as I arrived, I somehow couldn’t get the seat I wanted. What made it worst was because I got to the airport so early that I was told to board an earlier plane. Being in a great hurry, I stumbled over a woman’s leg and the got abused for being late. B.词汇详解 1. determine v. 1.决心，下决心(=make up one’s mind) ?He determined to go at once/that he would go at once. 他决心马上去。 2.决定，限定 ?Weather determines the size of the crop. 气候决定收成好不好。 [记忆技巧]同源派生词：determined adj.坚决的，有决心 的；determination n.决心，决意 [常用短语]determine the rights and wrongs决定是非；be determined to do sth.下定决心做某事 2. aware adj. 1.知道，觉得，明白 ?Are you aware of the difficulty/that there is a difficulty? 你知道那项困难吗？/有困难吗？ 2.有……认识的 ?She is politically/artistically aware. 她有政治意识/艺术感。 [记忆技巧]同源派生词：awareness n.意识，觉悟 形近词：aweary疲倦的 [常用短语]be aware of sth.意识到，觉察到，知道；be aware that (clause) 3. signal n.1.信号，暗号 ?A red lamp is often used as a danger signal. 2.手势 ?The driver of the car gave the signal that he wanted to stop. 司机打了个手势表示要停车。 v.1.发信号，做信号 ?The general signaled to his officers for the attack to begin. 这位将军向他的军官们发出开始攻击的信号。 2.以信号表示（警告，告知等） ?The policeman signaled (to)the traffic to move forward slowly. 警察以信号指示人车缓慢前进。 3.成为……之征兆，显示 ?The defeat of 1066 signal(1)ed the end of Saxon rule in England. 1066?ê之战败标志着撒克逊人在英国统治之结束。 adj.(文语)显著的，重大的，优越的 ?a signal example of courage 一个杰出的英雄楷模 [记忆技巧]同源派生词：signalize,-ise v.使著名，使显著，使突出；signally显著地，非常地；sign n.记号，征兆；signal(1)er n.信号手，通信兵 [常用短语]signal…to do sth.向……发信号示意要…… 4.practically adv. 1.几乎 ?The holidays are practically over; there’s only one day left. 假期几乎快结束了，只剩一天而已。 2.实用地 [记忆技巧]同源派生词：practicable adj.能实行的，行得通的；practical adj.实际的，实用的；practicality n.实际，实用性 5.crush v.1.压破，压坏，压碎 ?Don’t crush this box, there are flowers inside! 不要压破盒子，里面有花！ 2.挤压 ?The people crushed through the gates as soon as they were opened. 大门一打开，民众便汹涌地挤压过来。 3.破坏，镇压 ?The military government has successfully crushed all opposition. 军政府镇压了一切的反对势力。 4.揉皱，弄皱(vt);起皱(vi) ?Her dress was crushed. 她的连衣裙被弄皱了。 ?This cloth will not crush. 这种布不会起皱。 n.挤压 ?There was such a crush on the train that I could hardly breathe. 火车上人挤得很，我几乎喘不过气来。 [记忆技巧]同源派生词：crushing adj.压倒的，压碎的 形近词：crash:碰撞，坠毁；撞击，砸碎 [常用短语]crush the enemy打垮敌人；crush …into将……碎成 6. figure v.1.出现，扮演 ?Roger figured as chief guest at the party. 罗吉尔在宴会上以主客姿态出现。 2. (美语：不正式)认为；想 ?I figured(that)you’d want your tea. 我猜你想要茶。 3.计算 ?She learnt to read, write and figure. 她学习读、写和算。 n.1.人像，画像，人物；轮廓，隐约可见的人影 ?You can see a figure of a ship on the sea. 海上隐约可见一只轮船。 2.身影，体形 ?Doing exercise can improve one’s figure. 做运动可以健美体形。 3.要人，知名人士，人物 ?Mahatma Gandhi was both a political and a religious figure in Indian history. 甘地在印度历史上是政治和宗教要人。 [记忆技巧]同源派生：figured adj.饰以图案的；figurative adj.象征的，比喻的 [常用短语]figure in包括在内；figure of speech比喻；figure on计划，估计，料想；figure out解决，理解，计算出 7.embarrass v. 1.使难堪，使困窘 ?She was embarrassed when they asked her age. 他们问她的年龄时她感到窘迫得很。 2.使感到拮据；使焦灼 ?He was embarrassed by many debts. 他被很多债务弄得焦灼不安。 [记忆技巧]同源派生派词：embarrassment n.困难，为难；embarrassing adj.使人尴尬的；embarrassed adj.尴尬的 [常用短语]be embarrassed by窘迫的（指精神上）；be embarrassed with体力不支；be embarrassed at…对……感到为难 8.argue v. 1.辩论 ?They argued the case for hours. 他们就该案辩论了好几个小时。 2.争论，争吵 ?Do what you are told and don’t argue with me. 叫你怎么做就怎么做，别跟我争论。 [记忆技巧]同源派生词：arguable adj.有疑问的，可论证的；argument n.理由，论据 [常用短语]argue against据理反对，证明……是不能成立的;argue sb.into/out of doing sth通过争论使某人（不）做某事 9.somehow adv. 1.以某种方法；不知怎样地 ?I can’t see how,but we’ll have to reach an agreement somehow. 我不知道怎样做，但我们总得设法达成协议。 2.因某种不明之理由，不知为什么 ?I think she’s right but somehow I’m not completely sure. 我想她是对的，但我总觉得不完全有把握。 [记忆技巧]与somehow同义的短语有in some way. some和疑问词构成的合成词还有somewhere, somewhat [常用短语]somehow or other不知是什么原因，由于某种原因 C.词组用法 1. take off 1.(飞机、太空船等）起飞 2.脱掉（衣服） ?Take your coat off. 把外衣脱掉。 3.模仿（某人的举止，说话的神态以取笑） ? The actor made everyone laugh by taking off the members of the royal family. 那个演员模仿皇室家族的动作，引得大家发笑。 注意区别take after(外表、实质等)像(自已的父母)；学……的样（有效仿之意）。 2.pay off 1.偿还掉，付掉 ?I’ll pay off my debt with this check. 我将用这支票偿还掉我的债务。 2.洁清工资历解雇 ?When the building was completed,he paid off the laborers. 当这幢建筑完工时，他把劳力们都解雇了。 3.成功 ?Did you plan pay off? 你的计划成功了吗？ 与这个短语相似的表达有pay back报复，偿还；pay out付少量金钱。 ?Have I paid (you) back the ?10 you lent me for those books? 我买那些书向你借的十英镑还给了你没有？ 3.make a(big)fuss(about)大惊小怪 ?Jean Pierre was making a fuss about one of the translations. 琴.皮埃尔正对其中一处翻译大惊小怪。 注意区分make a fuss of对……殷勤招待，过于照顾。 ?Don’t make a fuss of him. 不要对他过分娇纵。 4.ahead of 1.在……之先，在……之前 ?She left one day ahead of him. 她比他早一天离开。 与这个短语相似的表达有in advance of。 2.胜过，超过 ?Tom is ahead of me in class. 汤姆在班上比我强。 5.in advance 事先，提前(与ahead of schedule意思相近) ?They will pay a hundred and thirty francs in advance. 他们将提前付130法郎。 ?Everything had been fixed in advance. 一切都已提前做好了准备。 6.one other 另一个 ?I have one other thing to do. 我有另一件事情要办。 与这个短语相似的表达有another，抽象概念常用some more. ?I need some more money. 我还需要些钱。 ?I need another five dollars. 我还需要5美元。 D.疑难词语辨析 1.award,reward与prize 三者均有“奖赏”之意，award指对于成绩优异或贡献卓越经评定后正式授予的奖励。可以是精神方面的，也可以是物质方面的；reward意为“报答、奖赏、报酬”，重点在于对好行为或付出的劳动给予的报答，酬谢；prize多指在竞争、竞赛或抽奖中获胜所赢得的奖。 ?The award for the year’s best actor went to Jack Nichclson. 本年度最佳男演员奖授予了杰克?尼科尔森。 ?He got very little in reward for his hard work. 他努力工作，但所得的报酬却微乎其微。 ?Frank won the first prize in the chess tournament. 在象棋比赛中弗兰克得头等奖。 2.aware与conscious 二者均有“意识到的，感觉到的，明白的”之意。两个词都可接of，在非正式的场合中通用。Aware一般指通过感官或别人提 Unit 8 供的情况对外界事物有所了解；conscious一般指身体状况，思想上，心理上的意识或感觉。 ?He was not aware of his mistakes. 他没有意识到自已错了。 ?He is hardly conscious of the seriousness of the situation. 他差点认识不到形势的严重性。 3.be about to ,be going go与be to be about to表示即将要发生的动作，即“正要……”，后面不加表示具体时间的词或短语；be going to表示事先计划好、打算好要干某事，其后一般加时间状语，紧迫感较差，还可以表示决心，肯定，或命令，但也可表示即将发生的自然现象；be to 表计划，只用于肯定句和疑问句，表命令，只用于肯定句和否定句，表可能多用于被动结构，表应该多用现在式，表注定多用过去式。 ?The meeting is about to begin. 会议即将开始。 ?I am going to visit one of my friends tomorrow evening. 明晚我打算去看一个朋友。（表计划） ?I’m going to oppose the proposal. 我要反对这项建议。（表决心） ?Our boss is to visit your factory next month. 我们的老板下个月要去参观你们的工厂。 ?Norman says I am to leave you alone. 诺曼要我不理你。（表命令） ?Where is he to be found? 在哪可找到他？（表可能） ?You are to do your homework before you watch TV. 你得先完成作业了才能看电视。 4.scarcely,hardly,barely与seldom 这四个含有否定意义的副词在普通写作中一般是可以互换的。Scarcely暗示“仅仅”，指数量而言，表示“不足”，常与enough, sufficient, any或数词之类的词连用，但也可表示“几乎没有，简直不”之意；hardly强调“困难”，着重实际上不可能这一面，所以常驻和表示能力的can,could,possible等连用；barely与scarcely差不多，也常常与enough,sufficient连用；seldom为日常用语，常同行为动词连用。 ?Scarcely an hour has passed since we departed. 我们分开几乎一小时了。 ?She scarcely knew a word of English. 她对英语几乎一无所知。 ?I hardly know what to say. 我简直不知说什么。 ?He had barely enough money to pay for the watch. 他仅有够付这块表的钱。 ?She seldom goes out. 她几乎不外出。（她深居简出） E.课文重点难点详解 1.If there were any justice…would be rewarded for…(paragraph 2,line1) 如果这个世界上存在着公正的话……应该受到奖赏…… 这个句子使用了虚拟语气。在与现在事实相反的非真实条件句中，条件从句的谓语用“were/did”，结果主句用“would/should/could/might+v.”;在与过去事实相反的非真实条件句中，条件从句的谓语用“had+v.-ed”,结果主句用“would/should/could/might+have+v. -ed”;在与将来事实可能相反的非真实条件句中，条件从句的谓语用“were/did””should+v.”或“were to+v.”,结果主句用“would/should/could/might+v.” ?If we left now, we should arrive in good time. 假如我们现在就走的话，我们就会及时到达了。 ?If he were to come, what should we say to him? 假如他来了，我们对他说什么呢？ ?If he should see me, he would know me. 假如他看见我，就会认识我。 2….bite their fingernails to the bone.(paragraph 3,line 2) 拼命地咬手指甲，这里引申为“急得团团转”。 注：cut to the bone削减到了最低限度。 ?The bus service has been cut to the bone. 公共汽车服务被套削减到不能再少的地步了。 3….with a man on the same flight as me.(paragraph 5,line 1) (遇到)一位与我搭乘同一班机的男人。 flight:班机 ?Flight Number 447 to Geneva is ready to leave. 飞往日内瓦的447班机准备起飞。 4….but he insisted we stay for another round.(paragraph 5,line2) insist sb.(should)do sth.为虚拟语气的用法。与此用法相似的动词还有demand,suggest,propose,order,require,request,desire,command与arrange等。 ?He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。 ?The detective insisted that he should have a look. 警察坚持要查看。 5….all us wimps know that not only will that late…but it is probably…(paragraph 17,line 1) not only是否定副词，当位于句首时，句子需要倒装。与此相似的否定副词还有：never,seldom,little,nor,hardly,scarcely,no sooner等。 ?Never in my life have I seen such a thing. 我一生中从未见过这样的事。 ?Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们很少像在这里住得那样舒适。 6.Well,just try to show up early…(paragraph 19,line 1) show up,显示，出现。相近的表达方式有：turn up。 ?She turns up late for everything. 她总是迟到。 7. The woman I stepped over was no wimp. “be no+noun”,这种表示感情强烈的否定。 “be not+a/an+noun”,这种结构只用于陈述事实，不带强烈的感情色彩。 ?He is no friend of mine. 他才不是我的朋友哩。 ?The girl was not a fool. 这姑娘不是傻瓜。 F.课文佳句背诵 1. If there were any justice in this world, the early-airport people would be rewarded for doing the right thing. 2. I once found myself in an airport bar with a man on the same flight as me. 3. The pilot is practically in the air when these people are still paying off the taxi. 4. And when we finally take off, all us wimps know that not only will that late luggage be the first off the plane, but it is probably sitting on top of our luggage, crushing our shirts. 5. I climbed on board, our of breath, red-faced, and stumbled over a woman’s legs to get to the last unoccupied seat. G.课文参考译文 前往机场 经过多年研究，我断定这个世界上只有两种人：一种是很早就到达机场的人；另一种是飞机将要起飞时才慢吞吞到达的人。 如果这个世界上存在着公正的话，那么早到机场的人应该受到奖赏，因为他们按规矩办事，而姗姗来迟的人则应受到惩罚。 但公正并不存在，早到机场的人急得溃疡病，心脏病发作，急得团团转。 迟到机场的人几乎不知道他们将要飞行。 有一次我在机场的小酒吧里遇到一个跟我乘同一班飞机的男人，广播已经播过三次我们搭乘的飞机即将起飞，但他仍坚持我们再坐一会，再喝一杯。 “如果我们错过了为班飞机，一个小时后总有另一班。”他边说边招手示意要两杯。 “去沙特阿拉伯的达兰？”我问。“一个星期内不会有航班了。” “我有一个理论，”他说，“如果你误了航班，那是因为上帝不想让你去。” 很明显这是一个永远不会得溃疡病的家伙。 早到机场的人还蒙受另一种嘲弄。他们被称为“优心忡忡者”，这倒恰如其分。 我知道多年来我一直是个早到机场的人。 我常告诉自己，我的行李要第一个放上飞机。 确实是如此，但这也使得它成为飞机着陆时最后一件搬出飞机的行李。 你知道谁才能真正地最早取回行李吗？就是那种晚到机场的人，他们在飞机起飞的前三分钟才慢吞吞地起进机场。 当飞机几乎已经开始飞行时，这些人仍然还在付出租车费。 然后，他们为了使行李能送上飞机，又在闸口忙得团团转。 当终于起飞时，我们这些“忧心忡忡者”都清楚，迟到的行李不仅会第一个搬下飞机，而且很可能正放在我们行李上面，把我们的衬衣挤压得皱巴巴的。 但如果我到达机场的时间确实是很早很早，我对我自己这个“忧心鬼”说，我会得到一个最好的位置的。 那好吧。就尽量早点到达，选个想要的位置，就这么去试试看吧。 无论我多早到达，我总是被告知有人已经在比我早两三年就订下了那个我想要的位置。 我想，那是个阴谋：在美国，每天都有人打电话给每一家航空公司：“那个忧心鬼西蒙今天是不是要乘机到什么地方去？如果是，请把他的座位给我。” 几年前当我(纽约)拉瓜迪亚机场飞往奥黑尔时，我就经历了一次早到机场的最尴尬的事。 当我到达检票台时，那里的人说：“先生，你乘坐的是上午9：15到芝加哥的班机，对吗？” “是的，”我说。 “那么，现在才上午7点，7：05的航班还没有离开。如果你赶时间的话，您可以改乘个航班。” 啊！是这样！ 但我当时窘得说不出我早到机场的目的的本是为了不必匆忙，只好沿着走廊飞奔向飞机。 那个被套我踩了一脚的妇女一也不忧心忡忡，她有胆量抱怨。“你该早点到机场来！”她历声说道。 “我本来是很早到的，”我有气无力地说，“但不知怎样，就变成不早了。” 经过一辈子争论，我是否该在起飞前24时就收拾好行李，并把闹钟调快4小时，现在我弄明白了另一个事实：早到机场者和晚到机场者总是互相依存的。 Text B A.课文内容提要 It should be admitted that there are abstract things and superstitious feelings or events in our daily life. Though they are common to us all, they are sometimes unexplainable.Therefore, they are labeled Superstitious phenomena can sometimes occur. Although we are troubled by these mysteries, we need not despair, because the force of love makes the world go round . B.词汇详解 1. conclusion n. 1.结论，结尾 ?I found the conclusion of his book very interesting indeed. 我觉得他的书结尾部分的确很有趣。 2.决定，推论 ?What conclusions did you come to/draw/reach? 你得到什么样的结论？ [记忆技巧]conclude v.使结束，得出结论，推论；conclusive adj.决定性的 [常用短语]a foregone conclusion不可避免的结果，事先断定会发生的事；in conclusion最后，总之；jump to conclusions/a conclusion草率地下结论；draw/reach/come to conclusions/a conclusion 得出结论 2. link n.1.连接物 ?Is there a link between smoking and lung diseases? 抽烟和肺病有没有关系？ v.1.联合，连接 ?The road links all the new towns. 这条路把所有的新城镇都连接起来。 2.连结 ?These pieces of information link up to suggest who the thief was. 这些证据拼凑起来就提示出小偷是谁了。 [记忆技巧]linkage n.环节，联系，连锁 [常用短语]establish a link 建立联系；a link between…and… ……之间的联系；a link to/with+n.与……的联系；link…to/with+n.将……与……联系起来；be closely linked to…与……有密切的联系。 3. recover v. 1.恢复，取回，要回 ?The police recovered the stolen jewellery. 警方找回被偷的珠宝。 2.恢复健康、体力、能力等 ?He has recovered from his bad cold and can go out tomorrow. 他重感冒已经好了，明天可以外出了。 3.恢复适当之状态或位置 ?She soon recovered herself and stopped crying. 她不久就控制住自己，不再哭了。 [记忆技巧]recovery n.取回，复原；recoverable adj.可重获的，可恢复的，可收回的 [常用短语]recover from 从……当中恢复过来 4. circumstances n. 1.He seems to be in easy circumstances since he had his pay increase. 他自从加薪后，物质方面似乎优遇了。 2.环境 ?The circumstances forced me to accept a very low price when I sold the house. 我卖房子时，环境迫使我不得不贱价脱手。 [记忆技巧]circumstance n.情形，情况，正式的官方礼节；circumstantial adj.与环境有关的，详尽的 [常用短语]in/under no circumstances 决不；in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；surrounding circumstances周围环境；adverse circumstances逆境；the existing/present circumstances目前情况 5. absolutely adv. 1.完全地 ?You are absolutely wrong. 你完全错了。 2.无条件地，绝对地 ?You must agree absolutely and not try to change matters later. 你必须完全同意，不可日后又想改变初衷。 3.当然，对极了 ?“Do you think so?” “Absolutely.” “你认为是这样吗？” “当然啦。” [记忆技巧]absolute adj. 完全的，专制的，确定的，无条件的；absoluteness n.绝对性 6. trap v.1.设陷阱，圈套捕捉，诱捕 ?The police trapped the criminal down a narrow street from which he could not escape. 警察施计将罪犯诱到一条无处可逃的小巷里。 2.挡住，拦住 ?Sand and leaves trapped the water in the stream. 泥沙和树叶挡住了溪水的流动。 n.1.陷阱，圈套 ?The police set a trap to catch the thief. 警察设下圈套捕捉小偷。 2.困境 ?To break out of the poverty trap the need help from the government. 他们需要政府的帮助以摆脱贫困的处境。 [记忆技巧]trappy adj.设有陷阱的；trapper设陷阱捕兽者 [常用短语]get out of a trap摆脱圈套；trap…into doing sth.诱骗某人做某事 7.extraordinary adj. 1.奇特的 ?What an extraordinary hat! 多怪的一顶帽子呀！ 2.非常的 ?a girl of extraordinary beauty一个非常美丽的女孩。 3.额外的，临时的 ?The committee meets regularly on Fridays, but there will be an extraordinary meeting next Wednesday. 委员会定期在星期五开会，不过下星期三有一次临时会议。 [记忆技巧]extraordinarily adv. 特别地，非凡地；extraordinariness n.不平常，非凡 [常用短语]an extraordinary sight特别的景象；extraordinary weather 反常的天气；an extraordinary session 特别会议 8. despair v.失望 ?During the war, the soldier despaired of ever coming home alive. 在战争期间，士兵对于能否活着回家，已经不再抱有希望。 n.1.绝望，失望 ? Defeat after defeat filled us with despair. 连连挫败使我们感到绝望。 2.令人失望的人或物 ?Every year my roses are the despair of all the village gardeners because I always win first prize at the flower show. 每年我家的玫瑰都使村中爱好园艺者大为失散望，因为在花展中我总是获得首奖。 [记忆技巧]despairing adj.表现绝望的，导致绝望的 [常用短语]deep despair深深的绝望；utter despair完全绝望；drive sb. to despair使某人陷入绝望；in despair在绝望中 C.词组用法 1.in spite of 不顾；尽管……仍；虽然 ?In spite of all her efforts she failed. 尽管她作了种种努力但还是失败了。 2.as/so long as 假使，只要 ?You can go out, as long as you promise to be back before 11o’clock. 你可以出去，不过你要答应在11点以前回来。 3.jump to conclusions/a conclusion 过快地作出结论。 ?Some people are prone to jump to hasty conclusions. 有些人易于草率地下结论。 4.take a (further)look （进一步）观察 与此表达相同的短语有：have a look。 5.under/in…circumstances 在……情况下 ?Under ordinary circumstances his friend would have wanted to know a great deal about the new Mrs. Kane. 一般情况下，他的朋友早就想对那位新的凯恩夫人刨根问底了。 ?A gentle man has no right to hurt a woman under any circumstances. 在任何情况下，男士都不该伤害女人。 6.cross one’s fingers(for luck) 希望一切顺利（不发生不如意的事） 与此相同的表达有：keep one’s finger crossed. ?He’s keeping his finger crossed that it won’t rain on Saturday when he wants to play football. 他希望好运，周六玩足球时不会下雨。 D.疑难词语辨析 1.circumstances,surroundings与environment 三词均可指环境。Circumstances指周围具体的各种事物，它们能影响人的工作现状；surroundings指周围的生活环境；environment也是一样，但是environment是从环境对人的感受、道德及观念的影响着眼。 ?So far as circumstances permitted, we shall begin our work as programmed beforehand. 只要环境许可，我们明天将按预订计划开展工作。 ?The surroundings a child grows up in may have an effect on his development. 小孩子长的环境会影响他的发展。 ?Children need a happy home environment. 儿童需要一个快乐的家庭环境。 2.hear about,hear from与hear of hear about;得知，获得（某人或某事的）消息；hear from;（收信）得知（某人的消息）；hear of;听人说起。 ?Have you heard about Gatsby jumping into the pool with all his clothes on? 盖比和衣跳入水池的事你有没有听说过？ ?I heard from him last week. 上周我收到他的信。 ?I’ve never heard of anyone doing a thing like that. 我从未听过有人会做那种事。 3.extraordinary,outstanding与remarkable extraordinary特别的，指超乎寻常的，惊人的；outstanding显著的，指引人注意或著名的人或事；remarkable值得注意的，指由于不平常而值得注意。 ?He is a man with extraordinary strength. 他是个力量非凡的人。 ?The boy who won the scholarship was quite outstanding. 赢得奖学金的那个男生异常优秀。 ?She is remarkable for her sweet temper. 她温柔的性子很难得。 4.at one time, at a time, all the time, at no time与in no time at one time一度，过去曾经；at a time在……时候；all the time一直地；at no time决不；in no time立刻，一下子，马上。 ?At one time I lived in Japan. 我过去曾在日本住过。 ?At a time like this I don’t grudge a thing. 像这种时候，我什么都不顾。 ?It rained all the time. 雨一直下着。 ?At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. 中国决不会成为第一个使用核武器的国家。 ?You’ll be all right in no time. 你马上就会好的。 E.课文重点难点详解 1….appeared at the wishing well just after…(paragraph 1,line 1) wishing well:井，尤指人们用来祈祷好运或财富的井。 2….but a manifestation of some higher power or order where all things, including our thoughts, come together.(paragraph 1,line 4) 这是由where引导的定语从句，where在从句中用作地点状语。用where引导定语从句，其先行词须是表地点的名词或是有地点含义的抽象名词。 ?The place where Macbeth met the witches was a desolate heath. 麦克白遇见女巫的地方是一片荒原。 ?He has reached the point where a change is needed. 他已到了需要改弦易辙的地步。 3.Many of us have had a dream about a friend or relation who we haven’t seen in a long time,…(paragraph 2,line 6) ?The man who was here yesterday is a painter. 昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。 （主格关系代词who在从句中用作主语） ?The man who I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。 （在非正式英语中，who代替了whom,亦可少去不用） ?I know the man whom you mean. 我认识你指的那个人。 （宾格关系代词在从句中用作宾语） 4….down to the smallest levels of existence.(paragraph 3,line 3) down to :下到，往下到。 ?Everyone works, from the President down to the boy who sweeps the floor. 上自总统下至扫地的工友，人人都要做事。 ?I have only read down to the middle of the page. 我只读到这一页的中间部分。 5.And yet, as deep as we go into things, there are…(paragraph 3,line 4) go into:彻底调查，深究。 ?The police are going into the murder case. 警方正在调查这起谋杀案。 6….were declared terminally ill,…(paragraph 4,line 2) 被宣布疾病已到晚期，不可救药。 a terminal illness:不能治愈的慢生病。 F.课文佳句背诵 1. Some people feel that when things like this happen, it is not just a coincidence, but a manifestation of some higher power or order where all things, including our thoughts, come together. 2. Perhaps, but let’s take a further look before we jump to conclusions. 3. And yet, as deep as we go into things, there are always mysteries that lie just beyond our understanding. 4. There are many people in the world today who, at one time in their lives, were declared terminally ill, but have completely recovered without the help of medicine. 5. But there is no need for despair, for as long as there is that force that Brought Anne and Johnnie back together, there is hope for the world. G.课文参考译文 是巧合还是奇迹？ 约翰尼刚刚许了愿安妮就来到求愿现场，难道这仅仅是巧合？还是有什么别的东西使她出现在这儿呢？有的人认为，发生这种事，不仅仅是巧合，而是有某种更高的力量或秩序使得所有事情，包括我们的思想，都汇聚在一起。“荒谬”。另一些人说。“那完全是迷信。”也许是的，但还是让我们进一步分析再作定论吧。 我们都知道，有些事物即使我们不能亲眼目睹但仍然是存在的，例如电、爱、痛苦，还有阴天的太阳。我们当中许多人都曾有过记忆错觉的经历——在某一特定地方或情境中会有以前曾到过此地的感觉。我们多数人都曾举行过各种不同的迷信仪式，如吹灭生日蛋糕上的蜡烛或交叉手指祈求好运。我们许多人都曾试过刚刚梦到过久未见面的亲友，然后第二天那个人便碰巧出现了。 在历史上人们观察到了许多奇奇怪怪的无法解释的现象，并希望知道它们产生的原因和意义。科学家们经过对自然界的研究，发现其中存在着完美的秩序，这种秩序一直存在于生存的最低级形式中。心理学家们正在研究人类的意识，并获得了重要发现，然而，尽管我们对事物已有深入的了解，但总存在着一些令我们无法理解的神秘现象。我们已在自然界中发现了比电子还要小的微粒，通过抽象公式（E=mc2)我们发现了物质和能量之间的联系。尽管我们取得了众多的科学进步，但仍有许多问题和现象是我们无法理解的，它们被称为“超自然现象”。 在《圣经》上记录的奇迹会发生在我们的生活当中吗？有些人坚持说会。当今世界上许多人在他们一生中都曾试过被认为无药可救了，但后来却不药自愈。一些有案可查的实例证明，有些人做到了一些在正常情况下根本不可能做到的事。最突出的例子是一位衰弱的老妇在孙儿陷在汽车下面时，居然能把汽车抬离了地面。另外还有人声称他们看到了别的时代和另一个世界的“光景”。 有时候我们听到了一些异乎寻常的“巧合”，禁不住停下来自问：“是什么使这种奇怪的事情发生？”例如，一个朋友说：我已有10年没有见过玛丽了，昨晚我梦到了她，她今天居然给我 打来了电话。这仅仅是巧合？还是有什么别的原因吗？当然，生活中还有许多我们无法理解的神秘现象，许多人会感到烦恼，因为他们找不到答案，但没必要绝望。只要存在着那种把安妮和约翰尼带到一起的力量，这个世界就有希望。这种力量就是爱。 课外补充练习 é.Complete the following sentences with the proper forms of the words given in the brackets. 1. We are fully of the gravity of the situation. (awareness) 2. He has that nothing shall prevent him from going to study abroad. (determine) 3. His silence is a of his absent-mindedness because he is usually very talkative at the meeting. (signal) 4. George Washington was an important in American history. (figure) 5. It is very when one wants to pay a bill, finding he has no money with him.(embarrass) 6. Stella her husband into buying her the diamond necklace. (argument) 7. After the experiment, the scientists came to the that this newly invented medicine could not be used on human beings.(conclude) 8. It is difficult to reach the peak of Mount Everest.(absolute) 9.”Under no should you forget that you are of noble blood.” the queen told her daughters. (circumstance) 10. Earnest Hemingway was successful in American literature. (Ordinary) 11. The economic crisis in 1929 the bankers. (despair) 12. The insurance company helped the police in the of the stolen property.(recover) I. Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. 1. The little girl managed to open the safe . A. anyhow B.somehow C.however D.no matter how 2. Martin to buy a mini-car the next Sunday. A. was want B.was about C.was going D.would 3. In the contest, Michal was very promising to get the first . A.award B.reward C.price D.prize 4. We had reached Paris when the war began. A. barely B.soon C.nearly D.almost 5. The new house brought a profit the old one did. A. ten times as big as B.ten times than C.increase ten times D.more than ten times 6. Our dream we host the 2008 Olympic Games has come true. A.what B.when C.that D.how 7. God helps those help themselves. A.where B.who C.whom D.which 8. Do you know anything interests him? A.that B.who C.whom D.which 9. Now,I stay in the university I took part in the show. A.that B.which C.where D.there 10. Ken was the only boy died in the plane crash. A.that B.which C.whom D. he 11. He didn’t in the party. A. show up B.show down C.turn on D.look up 12. That man standing by the door is one of the killers are now after by the police. A.that B.whom C.which D.they 13. This is the hotel the built in 1989. A.that B.where C.what D.whom 14. They are biting their to the bone because they can not work out the problem. A.tose B.hands C.fingers D.fingernails 15. Never seen such a big snake in my life. A.have I B.I have C.I D.can I 16. He is doctor; he can never cure me. A.not B.no C.none D.nor 17. If we cannot get back our land through talks, then a war will be a foregone . A. result B.happening C.existence D.conclusion 18. The bridge Hong Kong with the mainland. A. copes B.links C.compares D.relates 19. The students their fingers in the National Matriculation Examination. A. cross B.bite C.hold D.clench 20. Never to a conclusion before you get enough evidence. A. walk B.hope C.fly D.jump 21. “Have you heard Jane recently? I haven’t seen her for ages.” A. about B.of C.from D.at 22. ,he was made to do tedious jobs by the farm owners. A. At a time B.At one time C.At no time D.In no time 23. If I you, I would take the job without hesitation. A. am B.are C.was D.were 24. If I the job, I would have gone there with you. A. finished B.finish C.had finished D.have finished 25. We would go to Beijing in 2008 if we enough money. A.have B.has C.will have D.should have ?. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.总裁说：“只要你们努力工作，定会有光明的前途”。 2.假如我有一百万美元，我就能把我的梦想变成现实。 3.有志者，事竟成。 4.这头牛的体重是那只羊的体重的三倍。 5.快点！飞机就要起飞了。 6.他在丈母娘面前摔了一跤，窘迫得说不出话来。 7.努力工作了三十年，夫妇俩终于还清了债务。 8.他奶奶很娇纵他。 课外补充练习答案级详解 1.词组be aware of意为“意识到”。 2.determined在句中作动词，意为“决定”。 3.signal为名词，意为“信号”。 4.figure为名词，意为“要人，知名人士，人物”。 5.embarrassing为形容词，意为“令人尴尬的”。 6.argued 作动词，argue sb. Into doing sth.意为“通过争论使某人做某事”。 7.conclusion作名词，come to a conclusion意为“得出结论”。 8.absolutely为副词，修饰difficult意为“绝对地；非常”。 9.circumstances作名词，under no circumstances意为“无论怎么样”。 10.extraordinary作形容词，意为“显著的”。 11.despaired作动词，意为“使……绝望”。 12.recovery作名词，意为“复原” 。 D 1.B.somehow:等于in some way.句意为：“不知用了什么方法，小女孩成功地打开了保险柜。” 2.C.be going to do打算做；be out to do 不能跟时间状语一起用；A这一答案本身就不正确。 3.D.the first prize 第一名，一等奖。 4.A. barely…when…一……就……; 类似的表达还有scarcely/hardly… when…。 5.A.句意为：新房子带来的利润是旧房子的10倍，而B，C，D三个选择项的结构都用错了。 6.C.that引导同位语从句，不作句子成分。 7.B.who在定语从句中作主语。 8.A.that在定语从句中作主语，且不定代词如something, nothing, somebody等后面只能用that。 9.C.where在定语中作主语，在the only修饰的词后一般用that引导 定语从句。 11.A.show up出现；turn on找开；look up身上望。 12.B.whom作定语从句中介词after的宾语。 13.A.that 作定语从句中build的宾语，指the hotel。 14.D.bite one’s fingernails意为急得团团转。 15.A. Never等否定词放在句首，句子要倒装。 16.B.句意为：“他根本不是医生”；表达说话人强烈的感情。 17.D.a foregone conclusion指意料中之事，或不可避免的结果。 18.B.link A with B 把A与B连接起来。 19.A.cross one’s fingers 希望一切顺利。 20.D.jump to a conclusion过快地作出结论。 21.B.hear of 听人提起。句意为：“你最近有没有听人提起简？我很久没有看到她了。” 22.A. at a time曾经，句意为他一度被农场主驱使去做那些繁重的工作。 23.D.对现实的假设，主语为I，谓语一般用were,少用was。 24.C.用had finished表示对过去事实的假设，这就可以跟后面的would have gone相一致。 25.D.条件句中用should加动词原形表示对将来有可能发生的事做假设。 ? 1. The president said, “As long as you work hard, you are sure to have a bright future.” 2. If I had one million dollars, I could turn my dream into reality. 3. Where there is a will, there is a way. 4. The weight of the cow is three times as heavy as that of the sheep. 5. Hurry up! The plane is about to take off. 6. He fell before his mother-in-law, and was too embarrassed to say a word. 7. After thirty years of hard work, the couple finally paid off the debt. 8. His grandmother makes a big fuss of him.