vDt ? ¨ i £ ?D £B? p 6-1 ?m 6-1 ? U ?X 8? a acbV??r b ?  l  560 J¥ £  ?S? 356Jb 1 ? T ? adbV ??r b ? H ?S? 220 J ?| l  £ $  2? ?? b wL baRí a ? H?? ?S? 282 J ?| lb  £ $ 3 ? £ ?D?B? p acbAbacb AEEQ +?= O d c b a p J204356560 =?=?=?=? acbavbab AQEEE (1) J424220204 =+=+?= adbabadb AEEQ (2) J486282204 ?=??=+?= bababa AEEQ V m 6-1 "d??b £ 486J ?′V? 6-2 1mol?e0 ?X 8 ?ü ?V?  1 ?  ??M  2a < ? ?M ? V 300 KM1 350K ù? V??ò l   £ $9F   = ?$?T  ?$ 3 (1) ?8 V? 0=A J623)300350(31.8 2 3 1)( 2 12 mol =?×××=?=?=+?=∴ TTR i M m EAEQ v ' l £ ? = ?9  (1 623J 7S?1 0b (2) J1039)300350(31.8 2 5 1)( 2 2 12 mol =?×××=? + = TTR i M m Q p J623)( 2 12 =?=? TTR i M m E mol J416)300350(31.81)()( 12 mol 12 =?××=?=?= TTR M m VVpA 6-3B ?X  8?a < p 1 =1.52×10 5 Pa8 V 1 =5.0×10 3 m 3 ?? 3n?a < p 2 =1.01×10 5 Pa ?aü? aa ê?e ?¥8b k p 8 ?S¥?b 3 8 ?? 3nV?? ?S?1 J310 1001.1 1052.1 ln100.51052.1 lnlndd 5 5 35 1 2 11 1 2 1 mol 1 mol 2 1 2 1 = × × ×××= ==== ? ∫∫ p p Vp V V RT M m VRT VM m VpA V V V V T 8?aa êV?? ?S¥?1 2212212 )( VpVpVVpA p ?=?= 7??V?? 3n? H ?@ 1 V 2 V 1122 VpVp = J255100.5)1052.11001.1( 355 1112 ?=×××?×=?=∴ ? VpVpA p 20 vDt ? ¨ i £ ?D 8 ?S? J55255310 =?=+= pT AAA 6-4| 500 J¥ £ .óS ?/ 2mol¥ _b  1 ?8?M 5 _¥?M1 $  2 ??? M 5 _¥a <?8òM1 $ 3 ?a <?M5 _¥?#8òM1 $ 3 S ?/ K273 1 =T 33 molo m104.22 ?? ×=V (1) 8?M 0=A )( 2 12 mol TTR i M m EQ V ?=?=∴  K285 31.8 2 5 2 500 273 2 mol 12 = ×× +=+= R i M m Q TT V (2) ??M 0=?E 1 2 1 mol ln V V RT M m AQ T ==∴ 33 1 mol 12 m05.0 27331.82 500 exp104.222exp = ×× ××== ? RT M m Q VV T Pa1008.910013.1 05.0 104.222 45 3 1 2 1 2 ×=×× ×× == ? p V V p (3) a <?M )( 2 2 12 mol TTR i M m Q p ? + =  K282 31.8 2 7 2 500 273 2 2 mol 12 = ×× += + +=∴ R i M m Q TT p 33 1 1 2 2 m046.0104.222 273 6.281 =×××== ? V T T V : £ ?a ' £V? 6-5 ?m 6-5 ? UB ?X 8? ? aüá ?V? ab° LMà? ? bbX?? ?X 8¥? ? : £ ?  C V =3R p ? ?X 8 abV?? ¥ : £ ?  ¨ RV U b 3 ! ?X 8 abV ??¥ : £ ? 1 B±lV?? ab C p TCQ ab dd = VpTCAEQ V ddddd  1 ? £ ?D?B? pμ +=+=  2 ? (1)a(2)¤ T V pCC Vab d d += ? ?X 8 ?Z? 1mol 8μ RTpV = b7 ab°L Z?1 kVp =  ? 1| q k RTkV =∴ 2  p R kV R T V 22d d ==  R R R p R pCC Vab 2 7 2 3 2 =+=+=∴ 6-6 ?1 27¥a <1 1.01×10 5 Pa¥B? ? ü ' £a ê P 8M1e ?¥ 1/5 p a êa? ¥a <??b V a b O m 6-5 21 vDt ? ¨ i £ ?D 3 ? ' £ V?Z?  γγ 2211 VpVp = 5 72 = + = i i γ  Pa1061.91001.15)( 55 5 7 1 2 1 2 ×=××==∴ p V V p γ ? ' £V?Z?  1 22 1 11 ?? = γγ VTVT K571)27273(5)( 5 2 1 1 2 1 2 =+×==∴ ? T V V T γ 6-7 ?m 6-7 ? U | 96g V 40L ' £a ê?e8¥B?  1 2 N H 8¥?1 127¥ ? a ?? 3n?e8  2→3b 1 p[  V?? "d l¥ £ a ? ?S¥?? = ?¥M?  2 ?YV ? ? V?° ¤|  ?  ? ¥ ? M? ?? ?  1 35" d l¥ £ a ? ? S¥ ?? = ?¥M??1 $ → → 3  11-21 ' £a êV? 1 2 3 p 0 12 =∴Q  )( 2 12 mol 1212 TTR i M m EA ??=??= ? ' £V?Z?  1 11 1 22 ?? = γγ VTVT 5 72 = + = i i γ  O V m 6-7 K303)127273() 2 1 ()( 5 2 2 5 2 1 2 1 =+×==∴ T V V T J6045)303400(31.8 2 5 32 96 )( 2 12 mol 12 ?=?×××?=??= TTR i M m A 2-31?? 3 nV? 0 23 =?E  J69122ln40031.8 32 96 ln 1 2 2 mol 2323 =×××=== V V RT M m QA ?[ 1-2-3V ?? J6912 232312 ==+= QQQQ  J86769126045 2312 =+?=+= AAA  J604506045 2312 =+=?+?=? EEE  2  0 13 =A J6045=?E J604560450 1313 =+=?+= EAQ 6-8  ?X  8 p-Vm  ??L¥| qD ' £L¥| q-1?1 0.714?N ?X 8?a < p=2×l0 5 ?a 8 V=0.5 6 - ? ' £ 3n?89vB H pNV?? 8 ?T¥?b 3 ?? RT M m pV mol =  0dd =+ pVVp  ?[??L| q V p V p T ?=) d d ( ' £   ?[ ' £L| q CpV = γ 0dd 1 =+ ? pVVVp γγ γ V p V p Q γ?=) d d ( 714.0 1 ) d d ( ) d d ( ==∴ γ Q T V p V p ' 714.0 2 = +i i 3¤ 5=i '? ?X 8s01 ?e0s0b ? ' £V?Z? 89vB Ha <1 γγ 2211 VpVp = 22 vDt ? ¨ i £ ?D Pa1058.7102)5.0()( 454.1 1 2 1 2 ×=××== p V V p γ ?S¥? )( 2 )( 2 221112 mol VpVp i TTR i M m EA ?=??=??= J5.60)1011058.7105.0102( 2 5 3435 =×××?×××= ?? ?ìV? 6-9 !μ —[ ?X 81yTté¥ £?ì ?m 6-9 ? U  k£ ü r q1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 ? ? ?= p p V V γη b 3 ?m?  ab1? ? V? ca1 ?aV? ? ab1 £V? ca1b £V? )( mol abVab TTC M m Q ?=  )( mol acpca TTC M m Q ?= p a b c V 1 V 2 ' £ 1 1 1111 1 2 ? ? ?= ? ? ?=?=?=∴ a b a c ab ac V p ab ca T T T T TT TT C C Q Q Q Q γη p 1 p 2 ?? ?V?? a b T T p p = 2 1 ?aV?? 2 1 V V T T a c = O V m 6-9 ¤ 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 ? ? ?= p p V V γη 6-10 1mol ?X 8 400 K? 300 K- W??B 5 v?ì  400 K¥?? L   S81 0.001m 3 K a81 0.005m 3 b k9 ? 8N?ì? ?T¥?[#Vú? £÷ l¥ £ ?.ó?? £÷¥ £ b 3 ?m 1 ??V? £ 1 ??V?b £b 21→ K400 43→ K300 J1035.5 001.0 005.0 ln40031.81ln 3 1 2 1 mol 121 ×=×××=== V V RT M m QQ 11 2 1 2 11 Q A T T Q Q =?=?= 5 ηQ  1 2 1 2 Q Q T T =∴ μ J1001.41035.5 400 300 33 1 1 2 2 ×=××== Q T T Q J1034.11001.41035.5 333 21 ×=×?×=?= QQA 6-11 B?  ¥ ?X 8ü ? ?m 6-11 ? U? ìV? ? AB? CD1?aV? BC? DA1 ' £V?b X? B?¥?1 T B =T 1  C?¥?1 T C =T 2 b 1£ ü r q1 1 2 1 T T ?=η   2? ?ì ^ 5 v?ì ?$ C A B D O V p 3  1? ìV?? AB1 £V ? CD1b £V? 23 m 6-11 vDt ? ¨ i £ ?D )1( )1( 11 )( )( 11 mol mol B A C D B C AB DC ABp CDp AB CD T T T T T T TT TT TTC M m TTC M m Q Q ? ? ?= ? ? ?= ? ? ?=?=η Q A BaC D?aV?μ B A B A T T V V =  C D C D T T V V = B CaD A ' £V?μ  CCBB TVTV 11 ?? = γγ DDAA TVTV 11 ?? = γγ C D C D B A B A T T V V T T V V 11 )()( ?? =∴ γγ ' γγ )()( C D B A T T T T = μ C D B A T T T T = 1 2 11 T T T T B C ?=?=∴η  2? ^ 5 v?ìb 5 v?ì? ??V??  ' £V?F?b ?¥ a ^ ?? £÷¥?b 7? ú¥ a ? ^V??¥???o ^ ?¥?b 1 T 2 T 1 T 2 T 6-12 B ?E ¨bQ ( !1 ?X 5 vá ? )b i? 1 27¥¥\W ú b? ?TB v -13¥¥b v H  £ b p 1 ?b Q¥á ?" ? 2 ?T ?b v H ?3¥? 3 ?bQ[ ? q | £  ?1 p¥è? q1 ?$ J1095.1 5 × J/s1095.1 2 × 3 (1) 5.6 260300 260 21 2 = ? = ? = TT T w c (2) J103 5.6 1095.1 , 4 5 22 ×= × === c c w Q A A Q w (3) W30 1095.1/1095.1 103 25 4 = ×× × == t A p 6-13 X? 1mol ?X 8 ¥? ? £ ?1  7 S?1 81 üV/  ?? V IV?5?? 3n?81 ? ? 6a Pa <?ˉ? Sa < Ka?aa ê?e ?¥8 ?m 6-13 ? Ub !? 8¥1 £11 V C 1 T 1 V )2( 12 VV = γ  p (1) ?B?V?¥?M ^  ?(2)???ìV?"d¥?M ^  ? 3 (1) 2lnln 1 d 1d 1 2 2 1 2 1 12 R V V RT T Q TT Q S ====? ∫∫ 3 O 1(V 1 ,T 1 ) 2 p 2lnlnln dd 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 23 VVV V C p p C T T C T TC T Q S =====? ∫∫ V 2ln2lnlnln d d 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 31 Vppp p CC V V C T T C T TC T Q S γ?=?=====? ∫∫ m 6-13 24 vDt ? ¨ i £ ?D (2) 02ln2ln2ln 312312 =?+=?+?+?=? pV CCRSSSS 6-14 ? ? 9Fe ? a ü1 I 1 0¥¥b1? μ?1 0¥¥ £¥V? ^? V IV?$ 4 Uìa?b F?B? ?"db μ? Hìa?à  {ú? 0¥b 3 |b? ìa j1B ?"d b 0¥ ? 3MM HVìa? £  ìa?1Q T  ú? 0¥M M -a"d¥?M1 ?s?M-?' 0 273 dd 0 21 >?=+=?+?=? ∫∫ T QQ T Q T Q SSS ? ?9Fe ? >"d?? 3¥ ??? V IV? ??á ??"d¥?¥9F "d¥9? oμ V IV??? ^?M¥b ?[ 0¥¥b1 ? μ?1 0¥¥ £¥V? ^? V IV?b  25