Unit 1
Fighting With the Force of Nature
Text A The Icy Defender
? Part 1 Objectives
? Part 2 Background
? Part 3 Structure Study
? Part 4 Language Points
Objectives
? a) Grasp the main idea and structure of the text;
? b) Do a comparison and contrast between
Napoleon’s invasion of Russia and Hitler’s
invasion of the Soviet Union;
? c) Master the key language points and
grammatical structures in the text;
? d) Conduct a series of reading,listening,speaking
and writing activities related to the theme of he
unit,
Background
? Throughout the history of mankind,there have been
many conquerors,Chengis Khan spent his entire life
conquering neighboring peoples and expanding the
Mongolian Empire,Many Roman Emperors did the
same for the Roman empire — so much so that at one
time they ruled modern-day Great Britain,
? Both the Mongolian and Roman Empires had their rise
and fall in the distant past,Yet if we want to examine
conquerors,there is no need to go back that far,
? In 1812,Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Russia in a war
of conquest,More than a century later,Adolf Hitler
launched a massive military campaign against the
Soviet Union,
? Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821),emperor of the French,
who consolidated and institutionalized many reforms of the
French Revolution,One of the greatest military
commanders of all time,he conquered the larger part of
Europe,
? During 1802-1815 Napoleon tried to gain control of the
whole of Europe,He had great success against all his
enemies except Britain,whose navy under Nelson defeated
the French navy at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805,and
whose army fought the Peninsular War against him from
1808-1814,marking him weaker in his other campaigns,In
1812 Napoleon lost half a million men when he invaded
Russia in winter,and in 1814 the British,Russians,
Prussians and Austrians entered Paris,They sent Napoleon
to rule the island of Elba in the Mediterranean,but the
collected an army around him and returned to Paris,He
was soon defeated again,at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815,
and was sent to the island of St Helena in the south
Atlantic,where he died in 1821,
? Adolf Hitler (1889-1945),German political and military
leader and one of the 20th century’s most powerful
dictators,Hitler converted Germany into a fully militarized
society and launched World War II in 1939,He made anti-
Semitism a keystone of his propaganda and policies and
built the Nazi Party into a mass movement,He hoped to
conquer the entire world,and for a time dominated most of
Europe and much of North Africa,He instituted
sterilization and euthanasia measures to enforce his idea of
racial purity among the German people and slaughtered
millions of Jews,Sinti and Roma (Gypsies),Slavic people,
and many others,all of whom he considered inferior,
? World War II,a war (1939-1945) whose European
operations took place between the Axis powers (Germany,
Italy and Japan) and the Allies (Britain,France,and later
the USSR and the USA),China and many other countries
were also involved in the war,fighting against the
aggression of Japan in Asia,
? The War in Europe started when Germany,under Adolf
Hitler and the Nazis,invaded and took control of some
European countries and the Allies wanted to prevent
German power growing in this way,Britain declared war
on Germany in September 1939 when German troops
entered Poland,and soon afterwards Winston Churchill,
who in Britain is closely associated with the Allies’ victory
in the war,because the British prime minister,
? In 1940 German air force attacked Britain repeatedly but
was not successful,mainly because of the British victory in
the Battle of Britain,In 1941 Germany invaded Russia and
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor,an action which brought the
US into the war,In 1942,Japan expanded its control over
Asia but was later checked by Allied forces in the Pacific,
In the same year,at the Battle of El Alamein,Allied forces
began to defeat Germany and Italy in northern Africa,In
1943 the Allies landed in Italy and Russian forces began to
advance on Germany from the east,In june1944 the Allies
invaded northern Europe with the Normandy landings and
began to defeat Germany in Europe,The war ended in
May 1945 when the Allies took control of Germany,Hitler
killed himself,and Japan was defeated a few months later,
Germany and Japan surrendered separately in 1945,
Text structure
Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part 1 Par,1-2 Introduction— Both Napoleon’s and Hitler’s
military campaigns failed because of the
severity of the Russian winter,
Part 2 Par,3-11 Napoleon’s military campaign against
Russia
Part 3 Par,12-20 Hitler’s military campaign against the Soviet
Union
Part 4 Par,21 Conclusion— The elements of nature must
be reckoned with in any military campaign,
Language Points
New Words,
1,devastate vt., to destroy completely (a city,area of
land,etc.) so that nothing useful or valuable remains
e.g.（ 1） The fire devastated this city,
,（ 2） The country’s coffee crop was devastated by the
floods,
<这个国家的咖啡收成被洪水全毁了 。 >
（ 3)（ fig.） We were devastated by the awful news,
<我们被这个可怕的消息吓坏了。 >
2.engage vi&vt,
e.g,(1) The book engaged my
full attention,
(2) Housework engages
much of her time,
A vt,occupy or attract (sb.’s thoughts,
time,etc.)
e.g,a devastating storm/war/famine…
devastating adj.,completely destructive,
(6) They engaged the enemy,
(7) The two flees engaged at dawn,
D,[I (with),T].to begin to flight (with)
<两军舰在黎明时交火。 >
(5) I’ve engaged a new assistant,
C,to arrange to employ/hire sb,
(4) I engaged him in conversation,
<我无暇闲聊。 >
(3) I have no time to engage in gossip,
B,engage (sb.) in sth., (cause sb,to) take part in or be
occupied in sth,
e.g,(1) I’ve instructed them to keep the room locked,
,A, to give order or directions to
instruct sb,to do sth,
4.instruct
<签订此项合同对本公司的前途至关重要 。 >
(3) Getting the contract is crucial to the future of our
company,
(2) 在紧要关头
e.g,(1) 关键性的决定 /问题 /因素
at the crucial moment,
3.crucial.adj,~(to/for sth.), very important; decisive,
a crucial decision/issue/factor
A, [obj.+adj.] to cause to be
5.render
instruct a class in English
(2) 教某班英语
e.g,(1)The officer was instructing the
soldiers in how to do the drill,
B, to give knowledge
instruct sb,(in sth.)
I’ve been instructed to waiter here until the teachers
arrives,
(2)我被吩咐等在这儿，直到那位老师来了再走。
render help to disaster victims,
(2) 向灾民提供援助
<以德报怨 >
e.g,(1) render good for evil,
B,to give ~sth.(for sth./to sb.)
<你们的这种作法导致双方的合同失效 。 >
(2) Your action has rendered our contract invalid,
<他的身体很胖, 使他够不到自己的脚趾 。 >
e.g,(1) His fatness renders him unable to touch his toes,
C,(fml.) to calculate; to add up can amount,cost,etc.) vi&vt,
I reckon (that) he’ll come soon,
e.g,我估计他很快会来。
B,to think; suppose (infml.)
I reckon him as a friend,
(2) 我把他当作朋友。
e.g,(1) She was reckoned (to be)
a great actress,
A, to consider or regard,
6.reckon,
1,in the case of, as far as…is concerned
Phrase,
<她是个必须认真对付的女人 。 >
(2) She’s a woman to be reckoned with,
e.g,(1) All these problems had to be reckoned with as
they arose,
D,to be reckoned with.,to be taken into account seriously
<她计算成本 >
e.g,She reckoned up the cost,
e.g,In case of fire,ring the alarm bell,
in case of sth.,if sth,happens
[补 ],
(2) Formal training will take at least 3 years in the case
of interior decoration,
e.g,(1)The rise in interest rate will be disastrous in the case
of small firms,
in any case,whatever happens or may have happened,
e.g,You don’t like your job? In that case why don’t you
leave?
in that case,if that happens or has happened,
e.g,Take the umbrella in case it rains,
in case,because of the possibility of sth,happening,
in no case,in no circumstances
<费用也许比我们最初想象的低，但无论如何仍相当可观。 >
e.g,The cost may be lower than we first thought,but in
any case it will still be quite substantial,
e.g,When we faced her all with the evidence,she admitted
the crime,
[补 ] face sb,with sth.,to force to meet or deal with; bring
face to face with,
e.g,(1)The librarians were faced with the huge task of
listing all the books,
(2)I am faced with the awful job of breaking the news
to the boy’s family (be the first one to tell sb,sth,esp,sth,
exciting or unwelcome),
2,be faced with, have to deal with
Fighting With the Force of Nature
Text A The Icy Defender
? Part 1 Objectives
? Part 2 Background
? Part 3 Structure Study
? Part 4 Language Points
Objectives
? a) Grasp the main idea and structure of the text;
? b) Do a comparison and contrast between
Napoleon’s invasion of Russia and Hitler’s
invasion of the Soviet Union;
? c) Master the key language points and
grammatical structures in the text;
? d) Conduct a series of reading,listening,speaking
and writing activities related to the theme of he
unit,
Background
? Throughout the history of mankind,there have been
many conquerors,Chengis Khan spent his entire life
conquering neighboring peoples and expanding the
Mongolian Empire,Many Roman Emperors did the
same for the Roman empire — so much so that at one
time they ruled modern-day Great Britain,
? Both the Mongolian and Roman Empires had their rise
and fall in the distant past,Yet if we want to examine
conquerors,there is no need to go back that far,
? In 1812,Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Russia in a war
of conquest,More than a century later,Adolf Hitler
launched a massive military campaign against the
Soviet Union,
? Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821),emperor of the French,
who consolidated and institutionalized many reforms of the
French Revolution,One of the greatest military
commanders of all time,he conquered the larger part of
Europe,
? During 1802-1815 Napoleon tried to gain control of the
whole of Europe,He had great success against all his
enemies except Britain,whose navy under Nelson defeated
the French navy at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805,and
whose army fought the Peninsular War against him from
1808-1814,marking him weaker in his other campaigns,In
1812 Napoleon lost half a million men when he invaded
Russia in winter,and in 1814 the British,Russians,
Prussians and Austrians entered Paris,They sent Napoleon
to rule the island of Elba in the Mediterranean,but the
collected an army around him and returned to Paris,He
was soon defeated again,at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815,
and was sent to the island of St Helena in the south
Atlantic,where he died in 1821,
? Adolf Hitler (1889-1945),German political and military
leader and one of the 20th century’s most powerful
dictators,Hitler converted Germany into a fully militarized
society and launched World War II in 1939,He made anti-
Semitism a keystone of his propaganda and policies and
built the Nazi Party into a mass movement,He hoped to
conquer the entire world,and for a time dominated most of
Europe and much of North Africa,He instituted
sterilization and euthanasia measures to enforce his idea of
racial purity among the German people and slaughtered
millions of Jews,Sinti and Roma (Gypsies),Slavic people,
and many others,all of whom he considered inferior,
? World War II,a war (1939-1945) whose European
operations took place between the Axis powers (Germany,
Italy and Japan) and the Allies (Britain,France,and later
the USSR and the USA),China and many other countries
were also involved in the war,fighting against the
aggression of Japan in Asia,
? The War in Europe started when Germany,under Adolf
Hitler and the Nazis,invaded and took control of some
European countries and the Allies wanted to prevent
German power growing in this way,Britain declared war
on Germany in September 1939 when German troops
entered Poland,and soon afterwards Winston Churchill,
who in Britain is closely associated with the Allies’ victory
in the war,because the British prime minister,
? In 1940 German air force attacked Britain repeatedly but
was not successful,mainly because of the British victory in
the Battle of Britain,In 1941 Germany invaded Russia and
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor,an action which brought the
US into the war,In 1942,Japan expanded its control over
Asia but was later checked by Allied forces in the Pacific,
In the same year,at the Battle of El Alamein,Allied forces
began to defeat Germany and Italy in northern Africa,In
1943 the Allies landed in Italy and Russian forces began to
advance on Germany from the east,In june1944 the Allies
invaded northern Europe with the Normandy landings and
began to defeat Germany in Europe,The war ended in
May 1945 when the Allies took control of Germany,Hitler
killed himself,and Japan was defeated a few months later,
Germany and Japan surrendered separately in 1945,
Text structure
Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part 1 Par,1-2 Introduction— Both Napoleon’s and Hitler’s
military campaigns failed because of the
severity of the Russian winter,
Part 2 Par,3-11 Napoleon’s military campaign against
Russia
Part 3 Par,12-20 Hitler’s military campaign against the Soviet
Union
Part 4 Par,21 Conclusion— The elements of nature must
be reckoned with in any military campaign,
Language Points
New Words,
1,devastate vt., to destroy completely (a city,area of
land,etc.) so that nothing useful or valuable remains
e.g.（ 1） The fire devastated this city,
,（ 2） The country’s coffee crop was devastated by the
floods,
<这个国家的咖啡收成被洪水全毁了 。 >
（ 3)（ fig.） We were devastated by the awful news,
<我们被这个可怕的消息吓坏了。 >
2.engage vi&vt,
e.g,(1) The book engaged my
full attention,
(2) Housework engages
much of her time,
A vt,occupy or attract (sb.’s thoughts,
time,etc.)
e.g,a devastating storm/war/famine…
devastating adj.,completely destructive,
(6) They engaged the enemy,
(7) The two flees engaged at dawn,
D,[I (with),T].to begin to flight (with)
<两军舰在黎明时交火。 >
(5) I’ve engaged a new assistant,
C,to arrange to employ/hire sb,
(4) I engaged him in conversation,
<我无暇闲聊。 >
(3) I have no time to engage in gossip,
B,engage (sb.) in sth., (cause sb,to) take part in or be
occupied in sth,
e.g,(1) I’ve instructed them to keep the room locked,
,A, to give order or directions to
instruct sb,to do sth,
4.instruct
<签订此项合同对本公司的前途至关重要 。 >
(3) Getting the contract is crucial to the future of our
company,
(2) 在紧要关头
e.g,(1) 关键性的决定 /问题 /因素
at the crucial moment,
3.crucial.adj,~(to/for sth.), very important; decisive,
a crucial decision/issue/factor
A, [obj.+adj.] to cause to be
5.render
instruct a class in English
(2) 教某班英语
e.g,(1)The officer was instructing the
soldiers in how to do the drill,
B, to give knowledge
instruct sb,(in sth.)
I’ve been instructed to waiter here until the teachers
arrives,
(2)我被吩咐等在这儿，直到那位老师来了再走。
render help to disaster victims,
(2) 向灾民提供援助
<以德报怨 >
e.g,(1) render good for evil,
B,to give ~sth.(for sth./to sb.)
<你们的这种作法导致双方的合同失效 。 >
(2) Your action has rendered our contract invalid,
<他的身体很胖, 使他够不到自己的脚趾 。 >
e.g,(1) His fatness renders him unable to touch his toes,
C,(fml.) to calculate; to add up can amount,cost,etc.) vi&vt,
I reckon (that) he’ll come soon,
e.g,我估计他很快会来。
B,to think; suppose (infml.)
I reckon him as a friend,
(2) 我把他当作朋友。
e.g,(1) She was reckoned (to be)
a great actress,
A, to consider or regard,
6.reckon,
1,in the case of, as far as…is concerned
Phrase,
<她是个必须认真对付的女人 。 >
(2) She’s a woman to be reckoned with,
e.g,(1) All these problems had to be reckoned with as
they arose,
D,to be reckoned with.,to be taken into account seriously
<她计算成本 >
e.g,She reckoned up the cost,
e.g,In case of fire,ring the alarm bell,
in case of sth.,if sth,happens
[补 ],
(2) Formal training will take at least 3 years in the case
of interior decoration,
e.g,(1)The rise in interest rate will be disastrous in the case
of small firms,
in any case,whatever happens or may have happened,
e.g,You don’t like your job? In that case why don’t you
leave?
in that case,if that happens or has happened,
e.g,Take the umbrella in case it rains,
in case,because of the possibility of sth,happening,
in no case,in no circumstances
<费用也许比我们最初想象的低，但无论如何仍相当可观。 >
e.g,The cost may be lower than we first thought,but in
any case it will still be quite substantial,
e.g,When we faced her all with the evidence,she admitted
the crime,
[补 ] face sb,with sth.,to force to meet or deal with; bring
face to face with,
e.g,(1)The librarians were faced with the huge task of
listing all the books,
(2)I am faced with the awful job of breaking the news
to the boy’s family (be the first one to tell sb,sth,esp,sth,
exciting or unwelcome),
2,be faced with, have to deal with
