UNIT 2
Civil-Rights Heroes
THE FREEDOM GIVERS
And so even though we face the
difficulties of today and tomorrow,I still have
a dream,It is a dream deeply rooted in the
American dream,
I have a dream that one day this nation
will rise up and live out the true meaning of
its creed,"We hold these truths to be self-
evident,that all men are created equal."
I have a dream that one day on the red
hills of Georgia,the sons of former slaves and
the sons of former slave owners will be able
to sit down together at the table of
brotherhood,
I have a dream that one day even the state
of Mississippi,a state sweltering with the heat
of injustice,sweltering with the heat of
oppression,will be transformed into an oasis
of freedom and justice,
I have a dream that my four little children
will one day live in a nation where they will
not be judged by the color of their skin but by
the content of their character,
I have a dream today!
Objectives
? 1,understand the main idea ( early civil-
rights struggles in the US,esp,the
Underground Railroad ),
? 2,learn to use library resources and other
resources for information,
? 3,grasp the key language points and
grammatical structures in the text,
Background
Freedom and rights Freedom of the individual
is considered one of the essential features of western
civilization,which is itself sometimes called the Free
World,This freedom is often expressed in terms of
rights to do certain things or to be treated in a particular
way,When a person does something that others think
strange,British and American people will often say,
,It’s a free country,” meaning that although they
disagree with the choice they recognize the other
person’s right to make it,
Americans sometimes call the US the,land of the free”,a
phrase taken from its national anthem,British people
have always strongly defended their freedom,Fear that
they will lose the freedom to decide their own future is
behind many people’s lack of enthusiasm for European
unity,
In Britain and the US the most basic rights include
freedom of expression (= freedom to say or write
anything),freedom of choice (= freedom to make
decisions about your own life) and freedom of worship
(= freedom to practice any religion),
The civil rights movement ( in the US) the
national campaign by African-Americans for equal rights,
especially in the 1950s and 1960s,The campaign included
boycotts (= refusals to buy particular products ),the
actions of freedom riders,and in 1963 a march to
Washington led by Martin Luther King,It succeeded in
causing the introduction of bussing and affirmative action,
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of
1965 were also introduced as a result of the civil rights
movement,which has helped to change the attitudes of
many white Americans,
the Civil Rights Act of 1964 the US law that
forced the southern states to allow African-Americans to
enter restaurants,hotels,etc,which had been reserved for
white people only and to end the practice of having
separate areas for black and white people in theatres,train
stations,buses,etc,The act was mostly the result of the
civil rights movement and was strongly supported by
President Lyndon Johnson,It was followed the next year
by the Voting Rights Act,
Uncle Tom’s Cabin a novel ( 1852 ) by the US
writer Harriet Beecher Stowe which increased support for
the movement to free slaves,It is about a kind slave called
Tom who is badly treated and finally killed by Simon
Legree,Tom’s daughter Little Eva also dies,and another
well-known character in the novel is the slave child Topsy,
The name Uncle Tom is sometimes used as an insult to
describe an African-American who has too much respect
for white people,
The Underground Railroad a secret system
used in the US before the Civil War for helping thousands
of slaves to escape to the free northern states or Canada,
The slaves were called, passengers,,the people who
helped them were, conductors,,and the slaves hid in
,stations, ( safe houses ) along the way,
Slavery Slavery played a particularly important role
in the history of the US,
The first slaves were taken to North America from
Africa by the Dutch in 1619,By the time of the American
Revolution (1775) there were 500,000 slave,mostly in the
South,After the Revolution the northern states made
slavery illegal but the South needed cheap labor for the
cotton plantations,Gradually the South’s economy became
dependent on slaves and by 1860,the year before the Civil
War,there were about 4 million slaves,
Conflict between the North and the South increased,
and it became clear that supporters and opponents of
slavery could not continue to be part of the same country,
In 1861,the slave states left the US and formed their own
government,This was the beginning of the Civil War,
Slave Destinations
?
Brazil – 38% Caribbean –40%
After the North won the Civil War and brought the
southern states back into the US,slavery was ended,But
little changed for former slaves,Some moved to the North
but there were not enough jobs there and many suffered
prejudice from Whites,Those that stayed in the South
often worked on the plantations where they had been
slaves,They were paid for their work,but had to buy food
and clothes,Many had to stay there trying to pay off debts
which became larger each year,
Quaker any member of the Society of Friends,a
religious group established in England in the 1650s by
George Fox,They were originally called Quakers because
members were thought to,quake” or shake with religious
excitement,Quakers worship Christ without any formal
ceremony or fixed beliefs,and their meetings often involve
silent thought or prayer,They are strongly opposed to
violence and war,and are active in education and charity
work,
Grand Central Terminal the best-known
railway station in the US,It is on East 42nd Street in New
York and was completed in 1913 in the American Beaux
Arts style,The main area is very large,and the trains enter
and leave the station on 123 tracks,arranged on two levels,
The station is often very crowded,You can’t move in
there--- it’s like Grand Central Station!
Methodist a member of the Methodist Church,the
largest of the Protestant Free Churches in Britain and the
US,It was established in 1739 by John Wesley as part of
the Church of England but it became separate from it in
1795,It was introduced into the US in the 18th century and
today has over 50 million members around the world,It
emphasized the importance of moral issues,both personal
and social,
The Deep South the most southern states of the
south-east US,Alabama,Florida,Georgia,Louisiana,
Mississippi,South Carolina and eastern Texas,They are
among the states that once had slaves and left the Union
during the Civil War,They still have racial problems and
the people there are mostly conservative in their politics
and religion,
Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part One
Paras 1-5
It is high time to honor the
heroes who helped liberate
slaves by forging the
Underground Railroad in the
early civil-rights struggles in
America,
Part Two
Paras 6-23
By citing examples the author
praises the exploits of civil-
rights heroes who helped slaves
travel the Underground
Railroad to freedom,
Text Structure
1,story
? n,storey (房屋的 )层
? eg,There are three storeys / stories including the ground
floor,
? the first storey (A.E.) = the ground floor (B.E.)
? ( com,) floor,layer,level
2,slender
adj,(of people) slim ; not very wide but comparatively
long or high ; small
a ~~ girl,~~ hopes,~~ legs
3,settlement
? n,a place where people have come to settle / live
? eg,This village is said to be the ~~ of a group of
artists,
? settle v,
? ① (cause to) live in a place for a long time
? ~~ (sb.) in sp,
? eg,People would usually choose to ~~ (themselves)
in somewhere they can find adequate food and
water,
? ② (cause to) become calm or quiet
? ~~ down
? eg,This medicine can ~~ your nerves,
? I can only fall asleep after the noise ~~d down,
? ③ make more tight or close
? eg,Shake the bottle to ~~ the sugar,
? ④ decide,solve
? eg,I’ll be glad when it’s all ~~d,
? Relating phrases
? settle down (使 )安坐 ~~ sb,down in a chair / 定
居 /定下心来
? settle for 接受，勉强同意 ~~ such a dull life
? settle in / into 熟悉或习惯于 ~~ my new job
? settle on 决定，同意，选择 ~~ this dress
? settle up (with) 结帐 ~~ the waiter after a meal
4.confident
? adj,feeling or showing trust in oneself or one’s ability
? be ~~ about / of / that clause
? eg,练得越多，对自己越有信心。
? The more you practice,the more ~~ you are about
yourself,
? confidence n,have ~~ in sb,/ sth,
? (com.) confidential adj,机密的
5,racial
adj,relating to a person’s race,or to different races of
people
~~ discrimination / prejudice
6,stand up for
? speak,work in favor of sb,/ sth,; support sb,/ sth,
? ~~ sb,/ sth,
? eg,You have to be prepared to ~~ the things you
believe in,
? (com.) stand for 代表 ; stand up 站起来
7,historic
adj,famous or important in history 历史上有名的,
有历史性的，有历史记载的
eg,A city with a long history usually owns many ~~
buildings,
景德镇是个历史名镇。
Jingde is a ~~ town,
(com.)
① historical
adj,belong to history 有关历史的,历史上的,史实的
eg,Many ~~ documents were destroyed in the fire,
I am quite fond of ~~ novels cause I can learn a lot
from them,
historical novel 指关于真实存在的人或事的故事
historic 形容事指这事会留在历史记载中
sth,historic is surely historical,but sth,historical is
not necessarily historic,
② history
history book 指叙述过去真正发生的事情的书，通常
是指教科书。
8,site
n,place where a building is situated
? eg,The local government hasn’t chosen the site for the
new city library,
? web-site 网址
9,mission
n,particular task or duty
eg,They have been on a ~~ to rescue those people
caught in a fire,
他的使命就是帮助需要帮助的人。
His ~~ is to help those who are in need,
10,forge
n,create by means of much hard work
eg,She ~~ a new career for herself as a singer,
11,underground
adj,in or into secrecy or hiding
eg,Some ~~ organizations are undertaking some kind
of illegal activity,
12,liberate
v,set free ~~ sb,/ sth,from
eg,He wishes to ~~ himself from desperation with the
help of this medicine,
liberal adj,自由的 liberation n,解放, 释放
liberty n,自由 ( Statue of Liberty)
13,authorize
v,give approval or permission for sth ; give authority to
eg,The city ~~d a housing project,
He was ~~d to act for that old,
The central government ~~d $200 million to build a
park at the downtown,
authority n,权威,权力,(pl.) 当局
authorization n,授权,认可 authoritarian adj,专制的
14,exploit
n,brave or adventurous deed or action (usu.pl)
eg,We’re amazed at the ~~s of the famous heroes,
v,make use of,take advantage of,develop
eg,They are sent to ~~ the coal fields in the desert,
15,intent
adj,having the stated firm intention be ~~ on (doing) sth,
eg,He is so ~~ on his work that he spends 18 hours a day
on it,
16,peer
v,look closely or carefully,esp,as if unable to see well
~~ at / through / into
(com.) peep,peek 偷看
17,decade
n,period of ten years
(com.) anniversary century millennium
18,on the side
as an additional job or source of income ; secretly
eg,Some teachers have ways of making some money
~~,
He works at a bar in his spare time ~~,
19,head
v,go ~~ for sp,
eg,I’m heading for the gym,
20,capture
v,go after to catch sb,or sth.,take over
eg,In order to ~~ the escaped prisoner,they have
worked for five days continuously,
n,capturing or being captured
eg,All the police involved were overjoyed by the
news of the ~~ of that dangerous criminal,
capturer n,捕获者
21,close in ( on / around)
come near to,esp,in order to attack from several
directions ; surround
eg,We need to speed up,or the capturers will ~~ on us
soon,
在他逃脱五分钟后，警察就包围了他。
Only five minutes after his fleeing,he was closed in
by the police,
22,leg
n,a part of a trip
eg,The first ~~ of our trip is from Hong Kong to
Hawaii,
23,course
n,continuous movement in space or time the ~~ of sth,
eg,We shall be serving drinks and desserts during the
~~ of flight,
24,painful
adj,causing pain ; hurting
eg,He’s got a lot of ~~ memories of his childhood,
Cutting a finger is quite ~~,
24,religious
adj,① of religion
eg,People have different ~~ beliefs even they have the
same nationality,
② serious and conscientious
eg,His attitude toward arts could be called as ~~,
(antonym) irreligious
religion n,
n,① a belief that people hold to direct their behavior and
give them moral instructions
② sth that people firmly believe and seriously deal with
eg,Baseball is a ~~ with him,He makes a ~~ of it,
Christianity,Buddhism,Islam
? Christianity
? the Bible (Old Testament & New Testament)
? God / Jesus,Jerusalem
? Islam
? the Koran
? Allah / Muhammad,Mecca
? Buddhism
? Buddhist sutras
? Buddha
25,conviction
n,firm opinion or belief
eg,The old woman had a firm conviction that there would
be a better life after death,
26,terminal
n,① ( building at the ) end of a railway line,bus route,etc,
eg,Some people believe that they can reach the happy ~~
of their lives with religious conviction,
② a pc connects the user with a computer system
eg,All staff have ~~s attached to the company’s main
computer,
adj,at the end
eg,the ~~ station the ~~ stage
sb,come to do sth,
表示 do sth,at the end of a fairly long process,使用
这样的结构可以使句子更简洁。可以避免重复使用
finally,eventually,at last,gradually等表示这种意思的
副词。
Exercise,
1) … we come to appreciate the value of life,
2) … people will come to like genetically modified crops
someday …
3) …,we have come to realize the necessity of hiring a
computer-security expert,
4) … came to understand that the Chinese preferred
,teaching by holding the hand,,
27,impose
v,① place a (penalty,tax,etc.) officially on sb,/ sth,
eg,The government is trying to ~~ a further tax on wines,
Those factories which pollute the environment should
be ~~d fines heavily,
② try to make sb,accept (an opinion or a belief)
~~ sth,on sb,
eg,Parents should not ~~ their own wills on their children,
imposition n,强行，强人所难
28,as for
with regard to,as to 至于，关于
eg,Some people have complained,but ~~ me I’m satisfied
with the working conditions here,
29,transport
v,take sth,/ sb,from one place to another in a vehicle
eg,Pipe lines are used mainly to ~~ liquids or gases over
long distances,
用船运送货物是相对较经济的方式。
It is a comparatively cheaper way to ~~ cargos
through ships,
n,transportation ~~ ships
30,disguise
v,give sb,/ sth,a false appearance 改装,掩饰,伪装
~~ sb,/ sth,as
eg,The actress ~~d herself as a man so that no one can
recognize her,
n,things used to disguise sb,/ sth,
sth,in ~~ 指外表看不见的事实或表象与事实正好相反
的事物
eg,His illness was a blessing in ~~,because he afterwards
married his nurse,
(com.) distinguish v,区别，分辨
31,abolish
v,end the existence of ( a law,custom,system,etc,)
eg,Slavery was not finally ~~ed in the British Empire until
1833,
In order to protect wild animals,we should ~~ the
global fur industry,
abolition n,废除，终止
32,make the best of
accept an unsatisfactory situation cheerfully and try to
manage as well as you can 尽量利用，充分利用
eg,The living condition in he village were very poor,
but we had to ~~ it,
我们要充分利用所拥有的资源来创造机会。
We should ~~ all the resource we own to create
opportunities,
33,compel
v,make ( sb,) do sth ; force ~~ sb,to do
eg,Most children don’t like to be compelled to learn
various courses at weekends,
34,at risk
threatened by the possibility of loss failure,etc,; in danger
at …( adj,) risk ( of / from sth,)
eg,It is reported that some areas in North China are at
high risk of water shortage,
木制建筑有着火的危险。
Wooden buildings are ~~ from fire,
35,starve
v,( cause a person or an animal to ) suffer severely or die
from hunger
eg,Some people ~~d to death during the long drought,
In order to lose weight,she has ~~d herself for nearly
two weeks,
starvation n,饥饿
36,in the eyes of
in the opinion of
eg,~~ his students,Mr,White is a friend more than a
teacher,
在所有父母看来,无论他们的孩子多大都还是小孩子。
~~ all the parents,their children are still young kids
no matter how old they are,
37,pass for
appear like ; be accepted or looked upon as ( = pass as )
( attention ) 主动形式表示被动意义
eg,He speaks English well enough to ~~ a native speaker,
有些绢花看起 来就跟真的一样。
Some silk flowers ~~ real ones,
1) Many slaves traveled under cover of night,their
faces sometimes caked with white powder,
2) Determined to live free someday,he managed
to get trained in iron molding,
3) Levi Coffin,a Quaker raised in North
Carolina,…
4) Two weeks later,starving and exhausted,the
family reached Cincinnati,…
现在分词与过去分词
Ⅰ, 它们都属于非谓语动词，其用法和意义相当于
形容词或副词。在句子中多用作定语, 状语,
补语, 表语或独立成分。
Ⅱ, 现在分词由动词原形加 ing 构成，过去分词一
般由动词原形加 ed 构成（有部分为不规则变
化 )注意它们与动词作谓语时的现在进行时形式
和一般过去时形式的区别。
Ⅲ, 现分与过分的区别
1) 现分表示的意义是 主动的，进行的
过分表示的意义是 被动的，完成的
个别过分（多为不及物动词）不表示被动，只
表示完成。
fallen leaves,newly arrived goods,boiled water
2) 现分有完成式，被动式和完成被动式。
现分的被动式作状语时，与过分用法, 意义无差
别。而如需强调分词动作在主句动作之前完成或
发生时，要用现分的完成被动式。
3) 分词的独立结构
主要用于当分词动作的主语与句子的主语不一致
时。有时可用 with / without + 名词（或代词
宾格） + 分词的结构。
如, The rain having stopped,the soldiers continued
their march,
The boy returned,their faces covered with sweat,
He fell asleep with the lamp burning,
4) 分词短语作句子的独立成分（相当于状语）
如,Generally speaking,I prefer rice to noodle,
Judged by his accent,he must be a German,
Exercises,
① __ economically,one gallon of oil will last at least two months,
a,Using b,Used c,Having used d,To be used
② His parents __,the orphan is now taken care of by the government,
a,have died b,dead c,dying d,having died
③ __ to continue his studies,James quitted school,
a,Not wishing b,Not to wish
c,Having not wished d,Wishing not
④ __,they went swimming,
a,Being a hot day b,It was a hot day
c,Due to a hot day d,The day being hot
Through many dangers,toils and
snares,
We have already come;
’Tis grace hath brought me safe
thus far,
And grace will lead me home,
The Lord has promised good to
me,
His Word my hope secures;
He will my Shield and Portion
be,
As long as life endures,
Yea,when this flesh and heart
shall fail,
And mortal life shall cease,
I shall possess,within the veil,
A life of joy and peace,
The earth shall soon
dissolve like snow,
The sun forbear to shine;
But God,Who called me
here below,
Shall be forever mine,
When we’ve been there ten
thousand years,
Bright shining as the sun,
We’ve no less days to sing
God’s praise
Than when we’d first
begun,
amazing grace
Amazing grace! How sweet
the sound
That saved a wretch like me!
I once was lost,but now am
found;
Was blind,but now I see,
’Twas grace that taught my
heart to fear,
And grace my fears relieved;
How precious did that grace
appear
The hour I first believed,
Civil-Rights Heroes
THE FREEDOM GIVERS
And so even though we face the
difficulties of today and tomorrow,I still have
a dream,It is a dream deeply rooted in the
American dream,
I have a dream that one day this nation
will rise up and live out the true meaning of
its creed,"We hold these truths to be self-
evident,that all men are created equal."
I have a dream that one day on the red
hills of Georgia,the sons of former slaves and
the sons of former slave owners will be able
to sit down together at the table of
brotherhood,
I have a dream that one day even the state
of Mississippi,a state sweltering with the heat
of injustice,sweltering with the heat of
oppression,will be transformed into an oasis
of freedom and justice,
I have a dream that my four little children
will one day live in a nation where they will
not be judged by the color of their skin but by
the content of their character,
I have a dream today!
Objectives
? 1,understand the main idea ( early civil-
rights struggles in the US,esp,the
Underground Railroad ),
? 2,learn to use library resources and other
resources for information,
? 3,grasp the key language points and
grammatical structures in the text,
Background
Freedom and rights Freedom of the individual
is considered one of the essential features of western
civilization,which is itself sometimes called the Free
World,This freedom is often expressed in terms of
rights to do certain things or to be treated in a particular
way,When a person does something that others think
strange,British and American people will often say,
,It’s a free country,” meaning that although they
disagree with the choice they recognize the other
person’s right to make it,
Americans sometimes call the US the,land of the free”,a
phrase taken from its national anthem,British people
have always strongly defended their freedom,Fear that
they will lose the freedom to decide their own future is
behind many people’s lack of enthusiasm for European
unity,
In Britain and the US the most basic rights include
freedom of expression (= freedom to say or write
anything),freedom of choice (= freedom to make
decisions about your own life) and freedom of worship
(= freedom to practice any religion),
The civil rights movement ( in the US) the
national campaign by African-Americans for equal rights,
especially in the 1950s and 1960s,The campaign included
boycotts (= refusals to buy particular products ),the
actions of freedom riders,and in 1963 a march to
Washington led by Martin Luther King,It succeeded in
causing the introduction of bussing and affirmative action,
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of
1965 were also introduced as a result of the civil rights
movement,which has helped to change the attitudes of
many white Americans,
the Civil Rights Act of 1964 the US law that
forced the southern states to allow African-Americans to
enter restaurants,hotels,etc,which had been reserved for
white people only and to end the practice of having
separate areas for black and white people in theatres,train
stations,buses,etc,The act was mostly the result of the
civil rights movement and was strongly supported by
President Lyndon Johnson,It was followed the next year
by the Voting Rights Act,
Uncle Tom’s Cabin a novel ( 1852 ) by the US
writer Harriet Beecher Stowe which increased support for
the movement to free slaves,It is about a kind slave called
Tom who is badly treated and finally killed by Simon
Legree,Tom’s daughter Little Eva also dies,and another
well-known character in the novel is the slave child Topsy,
The name Uncle Tom is sometimes used as an insult to
describe an African-American who has too much respect
for white people,
The Underground Railroad a secret system
used in the US before the Civil War for helping thousands
of slaves to escape to the free northern states or Canada,
The slaves were called, passengers,,the people who
helped them were, conductors,,and the slaves hid in
,stations, ( safe houses ) along the way,
Slavery Slavery played a particularly important role
in the history of the US,
The first slaves were taken to North America from
Africa by the Dutch in 1619,By the time of the American
Revolution (1775) there were 500,000 slave,mostly in the
South,After the Revolution the northern states made
slavery illegal but the South needed cheap labor for the
cotton plantations,Gradually the South’s economy became
dependent on slaves and by 1860,the year before the Civil
War,there were about 4 million slaves,
Conflict between the North and the South increased,
and it became clear that supporters and opponents of
slavery could not continue to be part of the same country,
In 1861,the slave states left the US and formed their own
government,This was the beginning of the Civil War,
Slave Destinations
?
Brazil – 38% Caribbean –40%
After the North won the Civil War and brought the
southern states back into the US,slavery was ended,But
little changed for former slaves,Some moved to the North
but there were not enough jobs there and many suffered
prejudice from Whites,Those that stayed in the South
often worked on the plantations where they had been
slaves,They were paid for their work,but had to buy food
and clothes,Many had to stay there trying to pay off debts
which became larger each year,
Quaker any member of the Society of Friends,a
religious group established in England in the 1650s by
George Fox,They were originally called Quakers because
members were thought to,quake” or shake with religious
excitement,Quakers worship Christ without any formal
ceremony or fixed beliefs,and their meetings often involve
silent thought or prayer,They are strongly opposed to
violence and war,and are active in education and charity
work,
Grand Central Terminal the best-known
railway station in the US,It is on East 42nd Street in New
York and was completed in 1913 in the American Beaux
Arts style,The main area is very large,and the trains enter
and leave the station on 123 tracks,arranged on two levels,
The station is often very crowded,You can’t move in
there--- it’s like Grand Central Station!
Methodist a member of the Methodist Church,the
largest of the Protestant Free Churches in Britain and the
US,It was established in 1739 by John Wesley as part of
the Church of England but it became separate from it in
1795,It was introduced into the US in the 18th century and
today has over 50 million members around the world,It
emphasized the importance of moral issues,both personal
and social,
The Deep South the most southern states of the
south-east US,Alabama,Florida,Georgia,Louisiana,
Mississippi,South Carolina and eastern Texas,They are
among the states that once had slaves and left the Union
during the Civil War,They still have racial problems and
the people there are mostly conservative in their politics
and religion,
Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part One
Paras 1-5
It is high time to honor the
heroes who helped liberate
slaves by forging the
Underground Railroad in the
early civil-rights struggles in
America,
Part Two
Paras 6-23
By citing examples the author
praises the exploits of civil-
rights heroes who helped slaves
travel the Underground
Railroad to freedom,
Text Structure
1,story
? n,storey (房屋的 )层
? eg,There are three storeys / stories including the ground
floor,
? the first storey (A.E.) = the ground floor (B.E.)
? ( com,) floor,layer,level
2,slender
adj,(of people) slim ; not very wide but comparatively
long or high ; small
a ~~ girl,~~ hopes,~~ legs
3,settlement
? n,a place where people have come to settle / live
? eg,This village is said to be the ~~ of a group of
artists,
? settle v,
? ① (cause to) live in a place for a long time
? ~~ (sb.) in sp,
? eg,People would usually choose to ~~ (themselves)
in somewhere they can find adequate food and
water,
? ② (cause to) become calm or quiet
? ~~ down
? eg,This medicine can ~~ your nerves,
? I can only fall asleep after the noise ~~d down,
? ③ make more tight or close
? eg,Shake the bottle to ~~ the sugar,
? ④ decide,solve
? eg,I’ll be glad when it’s all ~~d,
? Relating phrases
? settle down (使 )安坐 ~~ sb,down in a chair / 定
居 /定下心来
? settle for 接受，勉强同意 ~~ such a dull life
? settle in / into 熟悉或习惯于 ~~ my new job
? settle on 决定，同意，选择 ~~ this dress
? settle up (with) 结帐 ~~ the waiter after a meal
4.confident
? adj,feeling or showing trust in oneself or one’s ability
? be ~~ about / of / that clause
? eg,练得越多，对自己越有信心。
? The more you practice,the more ~~ you are about
yourself,
? confidence n,have ~~ in sb,/ sth,
? (com.) confidential adj,机密的
5,racial
adj,relating to a person’s race,or to different races of
people
~~ discrimination / prejudice
6,stand up for
? speak,work in favor of sb,/ sth,; support sb,/ sth,
? ~~ sb,/ sth,
? eg,You have to be prepared to ~~ the things you
believe in,
? (com.) stand for 代表 ; stand up 站起来
7,historic
adj,famous or important in history 历史上有名的,
有历史性的，有历史记载的
eg,A city with a long history usually owns many ~~
buildings,
景德镇是个历史名镇。
Jingde is a ~~ town,
(com.)
① historical
adj,belong to history 有关历史的,历史上的,史实的
eg,Many ~~ documents were destroyed in the fire,
I am quite fond of ~~ novels cause I can learn a lot
from them,
historical novel 指关于真实存在的人或事的故事
historic 形容事指这事会留在历史记载中
sth,historic is surely historical,but sth,historical is
not necessarily historic,
② history
history book 指叙述过去真正发生的事情的书，通常
是指教科书。
8,site
n,place where a building is situated
? eg,The local government hasn’t chosen the site for the
new city library,
? web-site 网址
9,mission
n,particular task or duty
eg,They have been on a ~~ to rescue those people
caught in a fire,
他的使命就是帮助需要帮助的人。
His ~~ is to help those who are in need,
10,forge
n,create by means of much hard work
eg,She ~~ a new career for herself as a singer,
11,underground
adj,in or into secrecy or hiding
eg,Some ~~ organizations are undertaking some kind
of illegal activity,
12,liberate
v,set free ~~ sb,/ sth,from
eg,He wishes to ~~ himself from desperation with the
help of this medicine,
liberal adj,自由的 liberation n,解放, 释放
liberty n,自由 ( Statue of Liberty)
13,authorize
v,give approval or permission for sth ; give authority to
eg,The city ~~d a housing project,
He was ~~d to act for that old,
The central government ~~d $200 million to build a
park at the downtown,
authority n,权威,权力,(pl.) 当局
authorization n,授权,认可 authoritarian adj,专制的
14,exploit
n,brave or adventurous deed or action (usu.pl)
eg,We’re amazed at the ~~s of the famous heroes,
v,make use of,take advantage of,develop
eg,They are sent to ~~ the coal fields in the desert,
15,intent
adj,having the stated firm intention be ~~ on (doing) sth,
eg,He is so ~~ on his work that he spends 18 hours a day
on it,
16,peer
v,look closely or carefully,esp,as if unable to see well
~~ at / through / into
(com.) peep,peek 偷看
17,decade
n,period of ten years
(com.) anniversary century millennium
18,on the side
as an additional job or source of income ; secretly
eg,Some teachers have ways of making some money
~~,
He works at a bar in his spare time ~~,
19,head
v,go ~~ for sp,
eg,I’m heading for the gym,
20,capture
v,go after to catch sb,or sth.,take over
eg,In order to ~~ the escaped prisoner,they have
worked for five days continuously,
n,capturing or being captured
eg,All the police involved were overjoyed by the
news of the ~~ of that dangerous criminal,
capturer n,捕获者
21,close in ( on / around)
come near to,esp,in order to attack from several
directions ; surround
eg,We need to speed up,or the capturers will ~~ on us
soon,
在他逃脱五分钟后，警察就包围了他。
Only five minutes after his fleeing,he was closed in
by the police,
22,leg
n,a part of a trip
eg,The first ~~ of our trip is from Hong Kong to
Hawaii,
23,course
n,continuous movement in space or time the ~~ of sth,
eg,We shall be serving drinks and desserts during the
~~ of flight,
24,painful
adj,causing pain ; hurting
eg,He’s got a lot of ~~ memories of his childhood,
Cutting a finger is quite ~~,
24,religious
adj,① of religion
eg,People have different ~~ beliefs even they have the
same nationality,
② serious and conscientious
eg,His attitude toward arts could be called as ~~,
(antonym) irreligious
religion n,
n,① a belief that people hold to direct their behavior and
give them moral instructions
② sth that people firmly believe and seriously deal with
eg,Baseball is a ~~ with him,He makes a ~~ of it,
Christianity,Buddhism,Islam
? Christianity
? the Bible (Old Testament & New Testament)
? God / Jesus,Jerusalem
? Islam
? the Koran
? Allah / Muhammad,Mecca
? Buddhism
? Buddhist sutras
? Buddha
25,conviction
n,firm opinion or belief
eg,The old woman had a firm conviction that there would
be a better life after death,
26,terminal
n,① ( building at the ) end of a railway line,bus route,etc,
eg,Some people believe that they can reach the happy ~~
of their lives with religious conviction,
② a pc connects the user with a computer system
eg,All staff have ~~s attached to the company’s main
computer,
adj,at the end
eg,the ~~ station the ~~ stage
sb,come to do sth,
表示 do sth,at the end of a fairly long process,使用
这样的结构可以使句子更简洁。可以避免重复使用
finally,eventually,at last,gradually等表示这种意思的
副词。
Exercise,
1) … we come to appreciate the value of life,
2) … people will come to like genetically modified crops
someday …
3) …,we have come to realize the necessity of hiring a
computer-security expert,
4) … came to understand that the Chinese preferred
,teaching by holding the hand,,
27,impose
v,① place a (penalty,tax,etc.) officially on sb,/ sth,
eg,The government is trying to ~~ a further tax on wines,
Those factories which pollute the environment should
be ~~d fines heavily,
② try to make sb,accept (an opinion or a belief)
~~ sth,on sb,
eg,Parents should not ~~ their own wills on their children,
imposition n,强行，强人所难
28,as for
with regard to,as to 至于，关于
eg,Some people have complained,but ~~ me I’m satisfied
with the working conditions here,
29,transport
v,take sth,/ sb,from one place to another in a vehicle
eg,Pipe lines are used mainly to ~~ liquids or gases over
long distances,
用船运送货物是相对较经济的方式。
It is a comparatively cheaper way to ~~ cargos
through ships,
n,transportation ~~ ships
30,disguise
v,give sb,/ sth,a false appearance 改装,掩饰,伪装
~~ sb,/ sth,as
eg,The actress ~~d herself as a man so that no one can
recognize her,
n,things used to disguise sb,/ sth,
sth,in ~~ 指外表看不见的事实或表象与事实正好相反
的事物
eg,His illness was a blessing in ~~,because he afterwards
married his nurse,
(com.) distinguish v,区别，分辨
31,abolish
v,end the existence of ( a law,custom,system,etc,)
eg,Slavery was not finally ~~ed in the British Empire until
1833,
In order to protect wild animals,we should ~~ the
global fur industry,
abolition n,废除，终止
32,make the best of
accept an unsatisfactory situation cheerfully and try to
manage as well as you can 尽量利用，充分利用
eg,The living condition in he village were very poor,
but we had to ~~ it,
我们要充分利用所拥有的资源来创造机会。
We should ~~ all the resource we own to create
opportunities,
33,compel
v,make ( sb,) do sth ; force ~~ sb,to do
eg,Most children don’t like to be compelled to learn
various courses at weekends,
34,at risk
threatened by the possibility of loss failure,etc,; in danger
at …( adj,) risk ( of / from sth,)
eg,It is reported that some areas in North China are at
high risk of water shortage,
木制建筑有着火的危险。
Wooden buildings are ~~ from fire,
35,starve
v,( cause a person or an animal to ) suffer severely or die
from hunger
eg,Some people ~~d to death during the long drought,
In order to lose weight,she has ~~d herself for nearly
two weeks,
starvation n,饥饿
36,in the eyes of
in the opinion of
eg,~~ his students,Mr,White is a friend more than a
teacher,
在所有父母看来,无论他们的孩子多大都还是小孩子。
~~ all the parents,their children are still young kids
no matter how old they are,
37,pass for
appear like ; be accepted or looked upon as ( = pass as )
( attention ) 主动形式表示被动意义
eg,He speaks English well enough to ~~ a native speaker,
有些绢花看起 来就跟真的一样。
Some silk flowers ~~ real ones,
1) Many slaves traveled under cover of night,their
faces sometimes caked with white powder,
2) Determined to live free someday,he managed
to get trained in iron molding,
3) Levi Coffin,a Quaker raised in North
Carolina,…
4) Two weeks later,starving and exhausted,the
family reached Cincinnati,…
现在分词与过去分词
Ⅰ, 它们都属于非谓语动词，其用法和意义相当于
形容词或副词。在句子中多用作定语, 状语,
补语, 表语或独立成分。
Ⅱ, 现在分词由动词原形加 ing 构成，过去分词一
般由动词原形加 ed 构成（有部分为不规则变
化 )注意它们与动词作谓语时的现在进行时形式
和一般过去时形式的区别。
Ⅲ, 现分与过分的区别
1) 现分表示的意义是 主动的，进行的
过分表示的意义是 被动的，完成的
个别过分（多为不及物动词）不表示被动，只
表示完成。
fallen leaves,newly arrived goods,boiled water
2) 现分有完成式，被动式和完成被动式。
现分的被动式作状语时，与过分用法, 意义无差
别。而如需强调分词动作在主句动作之前完成或
发生时，要用现分的完成被动式。
3) 分词的独立结构
主要用于当分词动作的主语与句子的主语不一致
时。有时可用 with / without + 名词（或代词
宾格） + 分词的结构。
如, The rain having stopped,the soldiers continued
their march,
The boy returned,their faces covered with sweat,
He fell asleep with the lamp burning,
4) 分词短语作句子的独立成分（相当于状语）
如,Generally speaking,I prefer rice to noodle,
Judged by his accent,he must be a German,
Exercises,
① __ economically,one gallon of oil will last at least two months,
a,Using b,Used c,Having used d,To be used
② His parents __,the orphan is now taken care of by the government,
a,have died b,dead c,dying d,having died
③ __ to continue his studies,James quitted school,
a,Not wishing b,Not to wish
c,Having not wished d,Wishing not
④ __,they went swimming,
a,Being a hot day b,It was a hot day
c,Due to a hot day d,The day being hot
Through many dangers,toils and
snares,
We have already come;
’Tis grace hath brought me safe
thus far,
And grace will lead me home,
The Lord has promised good to
me,
His Word my hope secures;
He will my Shield and Portion
be,
As long as life endures,
Yea,when this flesh and heart
shall fail,
And mortal life shall cease,
I shall possess,within the veil,
A life of joy and peace,
The earth shall soon
dissolve like snow,
The sun forbear to shine;
But God,Who called me
here below,
Shall be forever mine,
When we’ve been there ten
thousand years,
Bright shining as the sun,
We’ve no less days to sing
God’s praise
Than when we’d first
begun,
amazing grace
Amazing grace! How sweet
the sound
That saved a wretch like me!
I once was lost,but now am
found;
Was blind,but now I see,
’Twas grace that taught my
heart to fear,
And grace my fears relieved;
How precious did that grace
appear
The hour I first believed,
