Unit 1
Changing in the way we live
MR,DOHERTY BUILDS
HIS
DREAM LIFE
Objectives,
1,grasp the main idea ( tolerance for solitude
and energy made it possible for the writer’s
family to enjoy their pleasant but sometimes
harsh country life.)
2,appreciate the various techniques employed
by the writer ( comparison and contrast,
topic sentences followed by detail sentences,
use of transitional devices,etc.)
3,master the key language points and
grammatical structures in the text,
Background,
the countryside the countryside of Britain is well
known for its beauty and many contrasts,its bare
mountains and moorland,its lakes,rivers and woods,
and its long,often wild coastline,Many of the most
beautiful areas are national parks and are protected
from development,When British people think of
farmland,as well as open spaces,they imagine cows
or sheep in green fields enclosed by hedges or stone
walls,and fields of wheat and barley,
● Many people associate the countryside with peace and relaxation,
They spend their free time walking or cycling there,or go to the
country for a picnic or a pub lunch,Only a few people who live in
the country work on farms,Many commute to work in towns,Many
others dream of living in the country,where they believe they
would have a better and healthier lifestyle,
● America has many areas of wild and beautiful scenery,and there are
many areas,especially in the West in states like Montana and
Wyoming,where few people live,In the New England states,such
as Vermont and New Hampshire,it is common to see small farms
surrounded by hills and green areas,In Ohio,Indiana,Illinois and
other Midwestern states,fields of corn or wheat reach to the
horizon and there are many miles between towns,
● Only about 20% of Americans live outside cities and towns,
Life may be difficult for people who live in the country,
Services like hospitals and schools may be further away,and
going shopping can mean driving long distances,Some people
even have to drive from their homes to the main road where
their mail is left in a box,In spite of the disadvantages,many
people who live in the country say that they like the safe,clean,
attractive environment,But their children often move to a
town or city as soon as they can,
● As in Britain,Americans like to go out to the country at
weekends,Some people go on camping or fishing trips,others
go hiking in national parks,
Fahrenheit scale a scale of temperature,first
established by the German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit
in 1715,The unit of temperature is the degree
Fahrenheit (℉ ),and 0℉ was originally the coldest
temperature Fahrenheit could achieve using a freezing
mixture of salt and ice,On his scale,water freezes at
31℉ and boils at 212℉ ( under set atmospheric
conditions ),No longer used in scientific work,
Fahrenheit temperatures still feature in everyday
language; hot days, in the eighties,,for example,To
convert a Fahrenheit temperature to Celsius
( centigrade ),subtract 32,then multiply by 5/9,
Celsius scale a scale of hotness,or temperature,
first established by the Swedish scientist Anders
Celsius ( 1701- 1744 ) in 1742,On this scale,the unit
of temperature is the degree Celsius (℃ ); water freezes
at 0℃ and boils at 100℃ ( under agreed standard
atmospheric conditions ),although when Celsius
originally devised the scale he made 0℃ the boiling-
point and 100℃ the freezing-point,The Celsius scale
was formerly commonly known as the centigrade scale
because of the 100 divisions between the freezing- and
boiling-points of water,To convert from degrees
Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit multiply by 9/5 and add
32,
Ivy League eight long-established colleges and
universities in the United States with prestigious
academic and social reputations,Members of the Ivy
League are Brown University in; Dartmouth College in
Hanover,New Providence,Rhode Island; Columbia
University in New Your City; Cornell University in
Ithaca,New York Hampshire; Harvard University in
Cambridge,Massachusetts; University of Pennsylvania
in Philadelphia; Princeton University in Princeton,New
Jersey; and Yale University in New Haven,Connecticut,
The members of the Ivy League compete in
intercollegiate athletics,
Sports Illustrated a popular US sports magazine published
each week by Time Inc,part of Time Warner,It first appeared in
1954,and is read mainly by men,The magazine also publishes
the Sports Illustrated Sports Almanac every year,
Individual Retirement Account ( IRA ) a US government
plan that allows people to put part of their income into special
bank accounts,No tax has to be paid on this money until they
retire,
Buying Insurance People face many choices when buying
insurance policies,They commonly choose an insurance provider
based on several criteria,Some of the most important of these
include,1) the financial stability of the insurance company,2)
the price of policies,and 3) details of coverage and service,
● Only a financially sound company can fulfill its promise to pay in
all circumstances,Companies with proven records of stability
can provide insurance security,Choice of a provider based
solely on price,on the other hand,may result in poor service and
coverage,even if the provider advertises comprehensive
coverage and high quality service,
● Policy prices vary significantly among companies,but
competition usually forces most companies’ prices into a narrow
range,The greater cost of some policies may pay off in the long
run through better protection,Thus,a detailed examination of
coverage in policies provided by different,well-regarded
companies can help consumers make the best choice based on
the risks they face,their needs,and their finances,
● People seeking to buy insurance often use the services of
an insurance agent or broker to assist in their purchase,
Most insurance falls into four main categories,
according to what it covers,1) property and casualty,2)
life,3) health and disability,and 4) old-age and
unemployment,Insurance commonly refer to insurance
purchased by individuals as personal lines coverage and
to insurance purchased by businesses as commercial
coverage,
TEXT STRUCTURE
Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part One Paras 1-3 The writer views his life in the
country as a self-reliant and
satisfying one,
Part Two Paras 4-7 Life in the country is good yet
sometimes very hard,
Part Three Paras 8-11 After quitting his job,the writer’s
income was reduced,but he and
his family can manage to get by,
Part Four Paras 12-15 A tolerance for solitude and a lot of
energy have made it possible for
the family to enjoy their life in the
country,
1,get by
? manage,cope with
? ① be good enough but not very good
? eg,Your work will ~~,but try to improve it,
? 目前,我们就用一台电脑也行。
? At the moment,we can ~~ with one computer,
? ② manage to live in or do sth,in a satisfactory way
? eg,It’s difficult for the old couple to ~~ on such
a small amount of money,
? 这种植物能在沙漠中生存,
? This plant can ~~ in a desert,
We love the smell of the earth
warming and the sound of cattle lowing,
? 动名词
? ⑴ 一般情况下,动名词的主语为谓语动词的主语,
如该动作不是由谓语主语发出时,需要有自
己
的逻辑主语,
? ⑵ 动名词的逻辑主语的形式
? Ⅰ, 人称代词的所有格＋动名词
? Tom insisted on my going with them,
? Ⅱ, 名词’ s + 动名词
? He dislikes his wife’s working late,
注意,
? a,动名词做宾语时，如其逻辑主语是无生命的名词,一般
用普通格；如其逻 辑主语是有生命的名词，一般用其所有
格形式，但在作介词宾语时，也可用普通格。
? Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof?
? Is there any hope of John winning the first prize?
? b,在口语中，动名词作宾语时，常用人称代词的宾格作动
名词的逻辑主语，在正式英语中要避免。
? Do you mind me / my opening the window?
1,She regrets___ idle when young,
? a,to have been b,her being
? c,her having been d,having been
? 2,I would appreciate ___ it a secret,
? a,your keeping b,you to keep
? c,that you will keep d,that you keep
2,haul
? eg,Rescue workers ~~ed passengers out of the
crashed car,
? v,① pull or drag sth,with effort or force
? ② transport,as with a truck,cart,etc
? eg,The farmers ~~ fresh vegetables to the
downtown every morning,
⒊ improvement
? n,advance,progress,development ~~ on sth,
? eg,This letter is an improvement upon / on your
last one,
⒋ supplement
? ① v,add to sth,in order to improve it
? ~~ sth with sth,
? eg,The doctor suggested I ~~ some vitamins E in
my diet / ~~ my diet with some vitamins E,
? ② n,sth,that is added for improvement
? a ~~ to sth,
? eg,His suggestion is a ~~ to our plan,
? supplementary adj,be ~~ to sth added,additional
⒌ indoor
? adj,situated or used inside a building
? ~~ sports ~~ clothes
? (antonym) outdoor adj,~~ life
⒍ spray
■ v,force out liquid in small drops upon
■ ~~ sth / sb,with sth,
■ eg,A passing car ~~ed me with water,
⒎ pursue
? v,① follow
? eg,The police are ~~ing an escaped prisoner,
? Detraction pursues the great,(树大招风 )
? ② continue working on
? eg,After graduation Martin chose to ~~ another
degree in this college,
? pursuit n,in ~~ of
? eg,Peter has been in ~~ of fame and fortune all
his life,
⒏ stack
? v,make into a pile
? eg,If we ~~ (up) the chairs,we can have a larger
space,
? n,pile a ~~ of sth,
? eg,我只看见桌子上有一摞碟子。
? I can see nothing but a ~~ of dishes on the table,
⒐ wicked
adj,evil or bad
eg,God can save the ~~,
⒑ get through
? ① reach sb,through telephone successfully
? eg,I can’t ~~ you cause your line was always busy,
? ② make sb,understand sth,
? eg,Try to get it through to him,
? ③ finish ~~ with sth
? ④ (cause to) come successfully to the end
? eg,Hard-working can get you through the exam,
? With enough firewood,they can ~~ this winter,
? ⑤ use up
⒒ at that point
? at that very moment,right then
? eg,就在那时,他想到了一个主意,
? ~~,he came up with an idea,
with all things considered
eg,~~,we don’t need to invest more money in
this project,
总的来看,他还是个不错的人。
~~,he’s a nice guy,
⒓ on balance (on the balance) NOT
⒔ illustrate
? v,① make clear by use of examples
? eg,Let me use another example to ~~ this difficult
point,
? ② provide with visual features / pictures
? eg,This ~~d book has many precious black-and-
white photographs in it,
? illustration n,example or picture
⒕ anywhere near
in any degree; at all near
adv,(在程度上 )任何 / 几乎
⒖ generate
v,bring into existence,produce
eg,Loud laughters are ~~ed all through the crowd,
电流能产生热。
Current can always ~~ heat,
generation n,产生,发生,一代人
the beat generation 垮掉的一代
generative adj,生产的,有生产力的
generator n,产生者,发电机
When it comes to…
相当于 when speaking of …,其中 to 为介词。
eg,Punishment is especially necessary
when it comes to his case,
When it comes to education,the majority
of people believe that education is a lifetime
study,
当提及某事或某人,说到某事或某人 表示 的意思。
⒗ pick up
? be ready to pay
? eg,He’ll ~~the bill for the damage of the goods,
? 月收入不到 1600的人不用交所得税。
? Those whose monthly income is less than 1600
yuan don’t need to ~~ the income tax,
⒘ minor
adj,lesser or smaller in amount or importance,etc,
eg,This company made only minor changes to their
products of last year,
minority n,少数,少数民族
? (antonym) major adj,majority n,多数,多数人
以 -or 结尾的形容词
? Ⅰ, 常用的有 superior,inferior,senior,junior,major,
minor,prior,
? Ⅱ, 此类形容词没有比较级形式,因为他们本身的意义就
表示比较的含义。
? Ⅲ, 当它们用来表示两者间的比较时，搭配介词 to,而
不是 than 使用。
? Ⅳ, major 和 minor 一般不用于表示两者间的比较，而是
常于名词搭配使用。
? Ⅴ, senior,junior和 minor 与人名搭配时，表示名字相
同的父子或兄弟,译为大 ×× 或小 ×× 。
? eg,Their work is superior to ours,
? Prior to the action,we should have a plan,
? This letter is not for John,but John Minor,
⒙ premium
? n,a sum of money that you pay regularly to an
insurance company for an insurance policy
? eg,他把收入的三分之一用来交健康保险。
? He pays one third of his income for the health
insurance premium,
⒚ aside from
except for; in addition to = apart from
eg,This essay is good ~~ a couple of spelling mistakes,
~~ tennis,he’s also keen on football and swimming,
⒛ cut back
? reduce in size or amount,cut down
? ~~ sth,; ~~ on sth,
? eg,The local government has a plan to ~~ on
industrial production,
? 总裁决定削减公司在广告方面的支出。
? The president decided to ~~ the expense on
advertising in this company,
21,lower
v,make or become smaller in amount,degree,etc,
eg,Regular exercises can ~~ the risk of heart attack,
22,patronize
? v,go to as a customer ~~ sp,
? eg,他们再也不会光顾那个了饭店因为那里的服
务太差。
? They’ll no longer ~~ that restaurant because of the
poor service there,
24,budget
n,a plan about how to raise and spend the money
eg,We need to set an individual ~~ so that we can
balance our income and expenses,
23,suspect
? v,believe to be true,likely or probable; feel doubt
about ~~ sb./sth,of ( doing ) sth,~~ that …
? eg,All of his neighbors ~~ him of murdering,
? The police ~~ed that it was not the first time for
him to do that because he seemed so skilled,
? n,a person who is suspected of a crime
? eg,The real criminal must be among these five ~~s,
? suspicious adj,feeling doubtful ; causing doubt 持
怀疑态度的；可疑的 be ~~ about sb,/ sth,
? eg,We are ~~ that man because his behavior is ~~,
? suspicion n,doubt arouse one’s ~~
? ( com,) doubt v,
? 1,doubt 怀疑某事是不可能或不真实的,肯定句
? 常跟 whether 或 if 从句。否定句和疑问句中常
? 跟 that。肯定句和否定句都可跟代词 that表示
? 省略用法。
? 2,而 suspect表示怀疑或认为某事是真的或可能
? 的。常跟名词或 that从句。
? 3,当 doubt 和 suspect 均用于肯定句中，后跟 that
? 从句时，它们表达的意思完全相反。
? eg,I doubt that he is a student,(我觉得他不是
? 个学生。）
I suspect that he is a student,(我觉得他是
个学生。）
4,在否定句中,don’t doubt that… 表示确信某事，而
don’t suspect that… 表示未想过某事。
eg,I don’t doubt that he is a thief.(我确信他是个
贼。 )
I don’t suspect that he will steal my money.(我
没想到他会偷我的钱。 )
5,当表示对某事不确定时，使用 doubt 在肯定句中跟
whether 或 if 的形式。
? eg,He doubt whether he can accomplish this task,
部分否定与全部否定
? 当 all,both,each和 every (body,thing)等表示整体意义的代
词与否定词连用时，一般只表示部分否定。如要表示全部否
定，应该用 none,no one,neither,nobody,nothing等,如,
? All of the students did not turn up,不是所有学生都席。
? None of the students turned up,没有一个学生出席。
? Exercise,
? ① I did not choose any of the offerings,because I found
? __ satisfactory,
? a,neither of them b,no one of them
? c,not every one of them d,none of them
? ② Barbara tried __ in the door but __ worked,
? a,every of her keys / none b,all of her keys / none
? c,all of her keys / not everyone d,her all keys / not all
? Beat Generation,group of American
writers of the 1950s whose writing
expressed profound dissatisfaction
with contemporary American society
and endorsed an alternative set of
values,The term sometimes is used to
refer to those who embraced the
ideas of these writers,
Jack
Kerouac
The
Beatle
s
24,scale
n,a relative level or degree
on a … (grand / large / small) ~~
eg,We tested our new teaching methods on a small ~~,
If ok,we may apply it to all the classes,25,resist
v,keep from giving in to or enjoying ~~ (doing) sth,
eg,We couldn’t ~~ laughing at him in those funny
clothes,
Few girls can ~~ the temptation of chocolate,
resistant adj,be ~~ to sth,resistance n,
26,device
n,a piece of equipment designed to serve a special purpose 精
巧的仪器，设备
(com.) tool,device,equipment,instrument,gear,facilities,
apparatus
devise v,invent
27,profit
n,an advantageous gain or return make a ~~ (from)
eg,He made a big ~~ from selling waste material,
v,earn money ~~ from / by sth,
eg,Nobody ~~ed from the old lady’s will,
profitable adj,有利可图的 profitless adj,无利益的
profiteer n,投机主义者
28,invest
? v,commit money to gain a financial return
? ~~ money; ~~ money in sth.; ~~ in sth,
? eg,When people buy houses they’re ~~ing a lot of
? money,
? 越来越多的企业选择投资教育。
? More and more enterprises choose to ~~ in
? education,
? investment n,
29,primarily
adv,mainly
eg,He failed the job interview ~~ because he was lack
of experience,
单词辨析
? tool any instrument or apparatus such as an
axe,hammer,spade,etc.,held in the hands
for doing special jobs; anything necessary
for doing one’s job ( 尤指用手操作的 )
工具,器具
? device an instrument,esp,one that is cleverly
thought out ( 精巧的 ) 设备,仪器
? equipment the things needed to do something ( 设
备,必需品 ) office ~~
? gear a set of things collected together,esp,
when used for a particular purpose
( 工具,道具 ) climbing ~~
? facilities means to do things; that which can be
used ( 设备,工具 )
■ instrument an object used to help in work
( 工具,仪器 ) medical ~~
? appliance an apparatus,instrument,or tool for
a particular purpose,often one that is
fitted to a larger machine ( 常指装于较
大机器之上 ) 装置,器具,器械
apparatus a set of instruments,machines,etc.,that
work together for a particular purpose; a set
of instruments,machines,tools,materials,
etc.,needed for a particular purpose 为某种
用途而装的一组仪器,机器等 ; 某种用途所
需要的整套仪器,机器,工具,器材等
a piece of ~~,heating ~~,electric ~~
Exercise,
? 1) when it comes to changing your life
? 2) when it comes to such matters as
keeping the room tidy
? 3) when it comes to emotional
intelligence
? 4) when it comes to managing minor
matters
Changing in the way we live
MR,DOHERTY BUILDS
HIS
DREAM LIFE
Objectives,
1,grasp the main idea ( tolerance for solitude
and energy made it possible for the writer’s
family to enjoy their pleasant but sometimes
harsh country life.)
2,appreciate the various techniques employed
by the writer ( comparison and contrast,
topic sentences followed by detail sentences,
use of transitional devices,etc.)
3,master the key language points and
grammatical structures in the text,
Background,
the countryside the countryside of Britain is well
known for its beauty and many contrasts,its bare
mountains and moorland,its lakes,rivers and woods,
and its long,often wild coastline,Many of the most
beautiful areas are national parks and are protected
from development,When British people think of
farmland,as well as open spaces,they imagine cows
or sheep in green fields enclosed by hedges or stone
walls,and fields of wheat and barley,
● Many people associate the countryside with peace and relaxation,
They spend their free time walking or cycling there,or go to the
country for a picnic or a pub lunch,Only a few people who live in
the country work on farms,Many commute to work in towns,Many
others dream of living in the country,where they believe they
would have a better and healthier lifestyle,
● America has many areas of wild and beautiful scenery,and there are
many areas,especially in the West in states like Montana and
Wyoming,where few people live,In the New England states,such
as Vermont and New Hampshire,it is common to see small farms
surrounded by hills and green areas,In Ohio,Indiana,Illinois and
other Midwestern states,fields of corn or wheat reach to the
horizon and there are many miles between towns,
● Only about 20% of Americans live outside cities and towns,
Life may be difficult for people who live in the country,
Services like hospitals and schools may be further away,and
going shopping can mean driving long distances,Some people
even have to drive from their homes to the main road where
their mail is left in a box,In spite of the disadvantages,many
people who live in the country say that they like the safe,clean,
attractive environment,But their children often move to a
town or city as soon as they can,
● As in Britain,Americans like to go out to the country at
weekends,Some people go on camping or fishing trips,others
go hiking in national parks,
Fahrenheit scale a scale of temperature,first
established by the German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit
in 1715,The unit of temperature is the degree
Fahrenheit (℉ ),and 0℉ was originally the coldest
temperature Fahrenheit could achieve using a freezing
mixture of salt and ice,On his scale,water freezes at
31℉ and boils at 212℉ ( under set atmospheric
conditions ),No longer used in scientific work,
Fahrenheit temperatures still feature in everyday
language; hot days, in the eighties,,for example,To
convert a Fahrenheit temperature to Celsius
( centigrade ),subtract 32,then multiply by 5/9,
Celsius scale a scale of hotness,or temperature,
first established by the Swedish scientist Anders
Celsius ( 1701- 1744 ) in 1742,On this scale,the unit
of temperature is the degree Celsius (℃ ); water freezes
at 0℃ and boils at 100℃ ( under agreed standard
atmospheric conditions ),although when Celsius
originally devised the scale he made 0℃ the boiling-
point and 100℃ the freezing-point,The Celsius scale
was formerly commonly known as the centigrade scale
because of the 100 divisions between the freezing- and
boiling-points of water,To convert from degrees
Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit multiply by 9/5 and add
32,
Ivy League eight long-established colleges and
universities in the United States with prestigious
academic and social reputations,Members of the Ivy
League are Brown University in; Dartmouth College in
Hanover,New Providence,Rhode Island; Columbia
University in New Your City; Cornell University in
Ithaca,New York Hampshire; Harvard University in
Cambridge,Massachusetts; University of Pennsylvania
in Philadelphia; Princeton University in Princeton,New
Jersey; and Yale University in New Haven,Connecticut,
The members of the Ivy League compete in
intercollegiate athletics,
Sports Illustrated a popular US sports magazine published
each week by Time Inc,part of Time Warner,It first appeared in
1954,and is read mainly by men,The magazine also publishes
the Sports Illustrated Sports Almanac every year,
Individual Retirement Account ( IRA ) a US government
plan that allows people to put part of their income into special
bank accounts,No tax has to be paid on this money until they
retire,
Buying Insurance People face many choices when buying
insurance policies,They commonly choose an insurance provider
based on several criteria,Some of the most important of these
include,1) the financial stability of the insurance company,2)
the price of policies,and 3) details of coverage and service,
● Only a financially sound company can fulfill its promise to pay in
all circumstances,Companies with proven records of stability
can provide insurance security,Choice of a provider based
solely on price,on the other hand,may result in poor service and
coverage,even if the provider advertises comprehensive
coverage and high quality service,
● Policy prices vary significantly among companies,but
competition usually forces most companies’ prices into a narrow
range,The greater cost of some policies may pay off in the long
run through better protection,Thus,a detailed examination of
coverage in policies provided by different,well-regarded
companies can help consumers make the best choice based on
the risks they face,their needs,and their finances,
● People seeking to buy insurance often use the services of
an insurance agent or broker to assist in their purchase,
Most insurance falls into four main categories,
according to what it covers,1) property and casualty,2)
life,3) health and disability,and 4) old-age and
unemployment,Insurance commonly refer to insurance
purchased by individuals as personal lines coverage and
to insurance purchased by businesses as commercial
coverage,
TEXT STRUCTURE
Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part One Paras 1-3 The writer views his life in the
country as a self-reliant and
satisfying one,
Part Two Paras 4-7 Life in the country is good yet
sometimes very hard,
Part Three Paras 8-11 After quitting his job,the writer’s
income was reduced,but he and
his family can manage to get by,
Part Four Paras 12-15 A tolerance for solitude and a lot of
energy have made it possible for
the family to enjoy their life in the
country,
1,get by
? manage,cope with
? ① be good enough but not very good
? eg,Your work will ~~,but try to improve it,
? 目前,我们就用一台电脑也行。
? At the moment,we can ~~ with one computer,
? ② manage to live in or do sth,in a satisfactory way
? eg,It’s difficult for the old couple to ~~ on such
a small amount of money,
? 这种植物能在沙漠中生存,
? This plant can ~~ in a desert,
We love the smell of the earth
warming and the sound of cattle lowing,
? 动名词
? ⑴ 一般情况下,动名词的主语为谓语动词的主语,
如该动作不是由谓语主语发出时,需要有自
己
的逻辑主语,
? ⑵ 动名词的逻辑主语的形式
? Ⅰ, 人称代词的所有格＋动名词
? Tom insisted on my going with them,
? Ⅱ, 名词’ s + 动名词
? He dislikes his wife’s working late,
注意,
? a,动名词做宾语时，如其逻辑主语是无生命的名词,一般
用普通格；如其逻 辑主语是有生命的名词，一般用其所有
格形式，但在作介词宾语时，也可用普通格。
? Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof?
? Is there any hope of John winning the first prize?
? b,在口语中，动名词作宾语时，常用人称代词的宾格作动
名词的逻辑主语，在正式英语中要避免。
? Do you mind me / my opening the window?
1,She regrets___ idle when young,
? a,to have been b,her being
? c,her having been d,having been
? 2,I would appreciate ___ it a secret,
? a,your keeping b,you to keep
? c,that you will keep d,that you keep
2,haul
? eg,Rescue workers ~~ed passengers out of the
crashed car,
? v,① pull or drag sth,with effort or force
? ② transport,as with a truck,cart,etc
? eg,The farmers ~~ fresh vegetables to the
downtown every morning,
⒊ improvement
? n,advance,progress,development ~~ on sth,
? eg,This letter is an improvement upon / on your
last one,
⒋ supplement
? ① v,add to sth,in order to improve it
? ~~ sth with sth,
? eg,The doctor suggested I ~~ some vitamins E in
my diet / ~~ my diet with some vitamins E,
? ② n,sth,that is added for improvement
? a ~~ to sth,
? eg,His suggestion is a ~~ to our plan,
? supplementary adj,be ~~ to sth added,additional
⒌ indoor
? adj,situated or used inside a building
? ~~ sports ~~ clothes
? (antonym) outdoor adj,~~ life
⒍ spray
■ v,force out liquid in small drops upon
■ ~~ sth / sb,with sth,
■ eg,A passing car ~~ed me with water,
⒎ pursue
? v,① follow
? eg,The police are ~~ing an escaped prisoner,
? Detraction pursues the great,(树大招风 )
? ② continue working on
? eg,After graduation Martin chose to ~~ another
degree in this college,
? pursuit n,in ~~ of
? eg,Peter has been in ~~ of fame and fortune all
his life,
⒏ stack
? v,make into a pile
? eg,If we ~~ (up) the chairs,we can have a larger
space,
? n,pile a ~~ of sth,
? eg,我只看见桌子上有一摞碟子。
? I can see nothing but a ~~ of dishes on the table,
⒐ wicked
adj,evil or bad
eg,God can save the ~~,
⒑ get through
? ① reach sb,through telephone successfully
? eg,I can’t ~~ you cause your line was always busy,
? ② make sb,understand sth,
? eg,Try to get it through to him,
? ③ finish ~~ with sth
? ④ (cause to) come successfully to the end
? eg,Hard-working can get you through the exam,
? With enough firewood,they can ~~ this winter,
? ⑤ use up
⒒ at that point
? at that very moment,right then
? eg,就在那时,他想到了一个主意,
? ~~,he came up with an idea,
with all things considered
eg,~~,we don’t need to invest more money in
this project,
总的来看,他还是个不错的人。
~~,he’s a nice guy,
⒓ on balance (on the balance) NOT
⒔ illustrate
? v,① make clear by use of examples
? eg,Let me use another example to ~~ this difficult
point,
? ② provide with visual features / pictures
? eg,This ~~d book has many precious black-and-
white photographs in it,
? illustration n,example or picture
⒕ anywhere near
in any degree; at all near
adv,(在程度上 )任何 / 几乎
⒖ generate
v,bring into existence,produce
eg,Loud laughters are ~~ed all through the crowd,
电流能产生热。
Current can always ~~ heat,
generation n,产生,发生,一代人
the beat generation 垮掉的一代
generative adj,生产的,有生产力的
generator n,产生者,发电机
When it comes to…
相当于 when speaking of …,其中 to 为介词。
eg,Punishment is especially necessary
when it comes to his case,
When it comes to education,the majority
of people believe that education is a lifetime
study,
当提及某事或某人,说到某事或某人 表示 的意思。
⒗ pick up
? be ready to pay
? eg,He’ll ~~the bill for the damage of the goods,
? 月收入不到 1600的人不用交所得税。
? Those whose monthly income is less than 1600
yuan don’t need to ~~ the income tax,
⒘ minor
adj,lesser or smaller in amount or importance,etc,
eg,This company made only minor changes to their
products of last year,
minority n,少数,少数民族
? (antonym) major adj,majority n,多数,多数人
以 -or 结尾的形容词
? Ⅰ, 常用的有 superior,inferior,senior,junior,major,
minor,prior,
? Ⅱ, 此类形容词没有比较级形式,因为他们本身的意义就
表示比较的含义。
? Ⅲ, 当它们用来表示两者间的比较时，搭配介词 to,而
不是 than 使用。
? Ⅳ, major 和 minor 一般不用于表示两者间的比较，而是
常于名词搭配使用。
? Ⅴ, senior,junior和 minor 与人名搭配时，表示名字相
同的父子或兄弟,译为大 ×× 或小 ×× 。
? eg,Their work is superior to ours,
? Prior to the action,we should have a plan,
? This letter is not for John,but John Minor,
⒙ premium
? n,a sum of money that you pay regularly to an
insurance company for an insurance policy
? eg,他把收入的三分之一用来交健康保险。
? He pays one third of his income for the health
insurance premium,
⒚ aside from
except for; in addition to = apart from
eg,This essay is good ~~ a couple of spelling mistakes,
~~ tennis,he’s also keen on football and swimming,
⒛ cut back
? reduce in size or amount,cut down
? ~~ sth,; ~~ on sth,
? eg,The local government has a plan to ~~ on
industrial production,
? 总裁决定削减公司在广告方面的支出。
? The president decided to ~~ the expense on
advertising in this company,
21,lower
v,make or become smaller in amount,degree,etc,
eg,Regular exercises can ~~ the risk of heart attack,
22,patronize
? v,go to as a customer ~~ sp,
? eg,他们再也不会光顾那个了饭店因为那里的服
务太差。
? They’ll no longer ~~ that restaurant because of the
poor service there,
24,budget
n,a plan about how to raise and spend the money
eg,We need to set an individual ~~ so that we can
balance our income and expenses,
23,suspect
? v,believe to be true,likely or probable; feel doubt
about ~~ sb./sth,of ( doing ) sth,~~ that …
? eg,All of his neighbors ~~ him of murdering,
? The police ~~ed that it was not the first time for
him to do that because he seemed so skilled,
? n,a person who is suspected of a crime
? eg,The real criminal must be among these five ~~s,
? suspicious adj,feeling doubtful ; causing doubt 持
怀疑态度的；可疑的 be ~~ about sb,/ sth,
? eg,We are ~~ that man because his behavior is ~~,
? suspicion n,doubt arouse one’s ~~
? ( com,) doubt v,
? 1,doubt 怀疑某事是不可能或不真实的,肯定句
? 常跟 whether 或 if 从句。否定句和疑问句中常
? 跟 that。肯定句和否定句都可跟代词 that表示
? 省略用法。
? 2,而 suspect表示怀疑或认为某事是真的或可能
? 的。常跟名词或 that从句。
? 3,当 doubt 和 suspect 均用于肯定句中，后跟 that
? 从句时，它们表达的意思完全相反。
? eg,I doubt that he is a student,(我觉得他不是
? 个学生。）
I suspect that he is a student,(我觉得他是
个学生。）
4,在否定句中,don’t doubt that… 表示确信某事，而
don’t suspect that… 表示未想过某事。
eg,I don’t doubt that he is a thief.(我确信他是个
贼。 )
I don’t suspect that he will steal my money.(我
没想到他会偷我的钱。 )
5,当表示对某事不确定时，使用 doubt 在肯定句中跟
whether 或 if 的形式。
? eg,He doubt whether he can accomplish this task,
部分否定与全部否定
? 当 all,both,each和 every (body,thing)等表示整体意义的代
词与否定词连用时，一般只表示部分否定。如要表示全部否
定，应该用 none,no one,neither,nobody,nothing等,如,
? All of the students did not turn up,不是所有学生都席。
? None of the students turned up,没有一个学生出席。
? Exercise,
? ① I did not choose any of the offerings,because I found
? __ satisfactory,
? a,neither of them b,no one of them
? c,not every one of them d,none of them
? ② Barbara tried __ in the door but __ worked,
? a,every of her keys / none b,all of her keys / none
? c,all of her keys / not everyone d,her all keys / not all
? Beat Generation,group of American
writers of the 1950s whose writing
expressed profound dissatisfaction
with contemporary American society
and endorsed an alternative set of
values,The term sometimes is used to
refer to those who embraced the
ideas of these writers,
Jack
Kerouac
The
Beatle
s
24,scale
n,a relative level or degree
on a … (grand / large / small) ~~
eg,We tested our new teaching methods on a small ~~,
If ok,we may apply it to all the classes,25,resist
v,keep from giving in to or enjoying ~~ (doing) sth,
eg,We couldn’t ~~ laughing at him in those funny
clothes,
Few girls can ~~ the temptation of chocolate,
resistant adj,be ~~ to sth,resistance n,
26,device
n,a piece of equipment designed to serve a special purpose 精
巧的仪器，设备
(com.) tool,device,equipment,instrument,gear,facilities,
apparatus
devise v,invent
27,profit
n,an advantageous gain or return make a ~~ (from)
eg,He made a big ~~ from selling waste material,
v,earn money ~~ from / by sth,
eg,Nobody ~~ed from the old lady’s will,
profitable adj,有利可图的 profitless adj,无利益的
profiteer n,投机主义者
28,invest
? v,commit money to gain a financial return
? ~~ money; ~~ money in sth.; ~~ in sth,
? eg,When people buy houses they’re ~~ing a lot of
? money,
? 越来越多的企业选择投资教育。
? More and more enterprises choose to ~~ in
? education,
? investment n,
29,primarily
adv,mainly
eg,He failed the job interview ~~ because he was lack
of experience,
单词辨析
? tool any instrument or apparatus such as an
axe,hammer,spade,etc.,held in the hands
for doing special jobs; anything necessary
for doing one’s job ( 尤指用手操作的 )
工具,器具
? device an instrument,esp,one that is cleverly
thought out ( 精巧的 ) 设备,仪器
? equipment the things needed to do something ( 设
备,必需品 ) office ~~
? gear a set of things collected together,esp,
when used for a particular purpose
( 工具,道具 ) climbing ~~
? facilities means to do things; that which can be
used ( 设备,工具 )
■ instrument an object used to help in work
( 工具,仪器 ) medical ~~
? appliance an apparatus,instrument,or tool for
a particular purpose,often one that is
fitted to a larger machine ( 常指装于较
大机器之上 ) 装置,器具,器械
apparatus a set of instruments,machines,etc.,that
work together for a particular purpose; a set
of instruments,machines,tools,materials,
etc.,needed for a particular purpose 为某种
用途而装的一组仪器,机器等 ; 某种用途所
需要的整套仪器,机器,工具,器材等
a piece of ~~,heating ~~,electric ~~
Exercise,
? 1) when it comes to changing your life
? 2) when it comes to such matters as
keeping the room tidy
? 3) when it comes to emotional
intelligence
? 4) when it comes to managing minor
matters
