Scientific English Writing
EST
Science writing in our country,according to many experts
in English,is in fact scientific translation from Chinese to
English,That is to say,all the Chinese college graduates are
able to write academic papers in Chinese,The problem is
how they can put their papers into English versions,Quite a
few professors and graduate students at our university sent
their papers to the well-known technical journals abroad,
such as the American IEEE and the British IEE,The
reviewers' comment may often be like this,"What you
described in the paper is O.K,But your English is poor,
Please improve it( Or Please rewrite your paper entirely.)"
Lesson Plan for Graduate Students (Writing Course)
1,individual sentence writing,which is connected with the
application of grammatical rules in a different way.
The 1st step in science writing is to write each sentence
correctly at least in grammar so that communication with
foreigners can be realized.
2,paper writing,which deals with how to organize sentences
in a paper by use of the patterns preferred by foreign scientists
and engineers.
3,mistake correction for a few paper written in English by
some professors or Ph.D,candidates at our university.
What we'll do in class mainly is do exercises together, That
is," Practice First".
This course comprises mainly 3 parts:
?All the satellite needs in order to move in its
orbit is the initial speed given it by the carrier.
?I told you it was how he did it that mattered,
E/C
?这台仪器质量很好。 /这台设备的体积很小。
?AC与 DC比起来有许多优点。
?图 2说明了 A随 B的变化情况。
?这些因素确定了计算机储存信息的能力。
?顾名思义
?A与 B之比
C/E
EXAMPLES
1.General rules for using articles.
a/an,the and zero article
__ rocket is made of metal.
Does ① light consist of ② waves or ③ particles?
① magnet has ② S pole and ③ N pole.
UFO appeared in the sky last night.
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
Ⅰ, ARTICLES
?铅是用在铅笔里的那种金属。
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
Lead is the very metal used in pencils,[ a pencil]
?压力的增加总是引起体积的减小。
An increase of /in pressure always causes a decrease
of /in volume,[a volume decrease]
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
2,Specific rules for using articles
① in the caption of a figure
图 2－ 1 典型数字计算机的方框图
Fig,2-1 Block diagram of typical digital computers.
② In the definition of a certain terminology or abstract
noun.
速度是涉及大小和方向的矢量。
Velocity is a vector quantity involving both magnitude and
direction,(But,A velocity may be resolved into components.)
(1) Some cases where articles may be omitted.
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
③ When a more general reference is made.
Experiment indicates that Ohm’s law holds only
for metallic conductors.
=It is shown by experiment that…
This is the most effective way to divide
responsibilities between author and instructor.
The resulting pressure difference between top and
bottom of the ball causes a,lift” force.
④ In the explanation of parameters in an equation,
expression or formula.
S = vt.
Where S = distance
V = velocity
t = time
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
(2) Before the name of a unit,the definite article must be
used.
电阻的单位是欧姆
The unit of resistance is the Ohm.
电阻是用欧姆（单位）来度量的
Resistance is measured in Ohms.
with the unit of Ohms.
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
(3),The special positions of some articles
? 这个实验室里的设备都是国产的 。
? 这是一台如此灵敏的仪器以至于它能测出压
力的微弱变化 。
?中国有数倍于法国那么大的面积 。
【 use the pattern,S+ vt.+ as adj.+
n,as” with, China” as the subject.】
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
?All the devices in this laboratory are home-made.
?This is so sensitive an instrument that it can
measure the slight change in/of pressure.
?China has several times as large an area as
France.
?*China has an area several times as large as
France.
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
SUMMARY:
all
both ＋ the + n.
half
☆ ☆ how (多么 )
so (如此 )
as… (as)
too (大 )
＋ adj,+ a/an + n.
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
?We find that we are dealing with too large a class of
circuits,So we shall pick up some of them for discussion
here.
我们发现我们所要处理的这类电路的范围太广了 。 所
以在这里将挑选其中一些加以讨论 。
?So instinctive an act as choosing a gradual slope of a
hill to walk up instead of a steep slope is based on the
principle of the inclined plane.
象爬山时选择一个平缓的坡度而不是选择一个陡峭
的坡度这样一种本能的行为, 就是基于斜面的原理之
上的 。
EXAMPLES
(4),A special use of the indefinite articles to express the
idea of "…… 一下；作一 …… ",before some abstract,
uncountable nouns
? we shall start with a study of forces.
?The Laplace transforms for various time functions are
readily obtainable through a direct application of
Eq.(2.5).
?The design of the linear feed back control systems
requires a knowledge of some aspects of information
theory.
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
? 对该电路作一定量分析是相当复杂的 。
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
A quantitative analysis of this circuit is rather involved.
?现在人们越来越认识到这一方法是很有价值的 。
There is a growing awareness that this technique is of
great value.
?本文简要而定性的讨论了一些基本概念 。
A brief qualitative discussion of some basic concepts
is presented in this paper.
Assignment after class
P 8.
Ⅰ.
Ⅱ.(1,5,9)
Ⅳ,
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
1、对系统的控制是一门跨学科的 (interdisciplinary)科目。
2、速度等于距离与时间之比。
3、图 5－ 1 Q点对晶体管工作的影响。
4、论文对其性能做了初步的分析。
5、理解二进制数字系统（ binary number systems)的基础
- 是要熟悉（一下） 2的各次幂 (power)。
6、必须确定为走完 (cover)这全部距离的一半需要多长的
- 时间。
7、图 1－ 3画出了一枚玩具“水火箭”。
Independent Work,1.
1,The control of systems is an interdisciplinary subject.
2,Speed is equal to the ratio of distance to time.
3,Figure 5-1 Effect of Q-point on operation of transistor.
4,An initial analysis of its performance has been made in
- this paper.
5,Basic to understanding the binary number systems is a
- familiarity with the powers of 2.
6, It is necessary to determine how long (a time) is
- required to cover half the total distance.
7, Fig,1-3 shows a toy, water rocket,”
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
Independent Work,1.
EST
Science writing in our country,according to many experts
in English,is in fact scientific translation from Chinese to
English,That is to say,all the Chinese college graduates are
able to write academic papers in Chinese,The problem is
how they can put their papers into English versions,Quite a
few professors and graduate students at our university sent
their papers to the well-known technical journals abroad,
such as the American IEEE and the British IEE,The
reviewers' comment may often be like this,"What you
described in the paper is O.K,But your English is poor,
Please improve it( Or Please rewrite your paper entirely.)"
Lesson Plan for Graduate Students (Writing Course)
1,individual sentence writing,which is connected with the
application of grammatical rules in a different way.
The 1st step in science writing is to write each sentence
correctly at least in grammar so that communication with
foreigners can be realized.
2,paper writing,which deals with how to organize sentences
in a paper by use of the patterns preferred by foreign scientists
and engineers.
3,mistake correction for a few paper written in English by
some professors or Ph.D,candidates at our university.
What we'll do in class mainly is do exercises together, That
is," Practice First".
This course comprises mainly 3 parts:
?All the satellite needs in order to move in its
orbit is the initial speed given it by the carrier.
?I told you it was how he did it that mattered,
E/C
?这台仪器质量很好。 /这台设备的体积很小。
?AC与 DC比起来有许多优点。
?图 2说明了 A随 B的变化情况。
?这些因素确定了计算机储存信息的能力。
?顾名思义
?A与 B之比
C/E
EXAMPLES
1.General rules for using articles.
a/an,the and zero article
__ rocket is made of metal.
Does ① light consist of ② waves or ③ particles?
① magnet has ② S pole and ③ N pole.
UFO appeared in the sky last night.
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
Ⅰ, ARTICLES
?铅是用在铅笔里的那种金属。
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
Lead is the very metal used in pencils,[ a pencil]
?压力的增加总是引起体积的减小。
An increase of /in pressure always causes a decrease
of /in volume,[a volume decrease]
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
2,Specific rules for using articles
① in the caption of a figure
图 2－ 1 典型数字计算机的方框图
Fig,2-1 Block diagram of typical digital computers.
② In the definition of a certain terminology or abstract
noun.
速度是涉及大小和方向的矢量。
Velocity is a vector quantity involving both magnitude and
direction,(But,A velocity may be resolved into components.)
(1) Some cases where articles may be omitted.
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
③ When a more general reference is made.
Experiment indicates that Ohm’s law holds only
for metallic conductors.
=It is shown by experiment that…
This is the most effective way to divide
responsibilities between author and instructor.
The resulting pressure difference between top and
bottom of the ball causes a,lift” force.
④ In the explanation of parameters in an equation,
expression or formula.
S = vt.
Where S = distance
V = velocity
t = time
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
(2) Before the name of a unit,the definite article must be
used.
电阻的单位是欧姆
The unit of resistance is the Ohm.
电阻是用欧姆（单位）来度量的
Resistance is measured in Ohms.
with the unit of Ohms.
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
(3),The special positions of some articles
? 这个实验室里的设备都是国产的 。
? 这是一台如此灵敏的仪器以至于它能测出压
力的微弱变化 。
?中国有数倍于法国那么大的面积 。
【 use the pattern,S+ vt.+ as adj.+
n,as” with, China” as the subject.】
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
?All the devices in this laboratory are home-made.
?This is so sensitive an instrument that it can
measure the slight change in/of pressure.
?China has several times as large an area as
France.
?*China has an area several times as large as
France.
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
SUMMARY:
all
both ＋ the + n.
half
☆ ☆ how (多么 )
so (如此 )
as… (as)
too (大 )
＋ adj,+ a/an + n.
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
?We find that we are dealing with too large a class of
circuits,So we shall pick up some of them for discussion
here.
我们发现我们所要处理的这类电路的范围太广了 。 所
以在这里将挑选其中一些加以讨论 。
?So instinctive an act as choosing a gradual slope of a
hill to walk up instead of a steep slope is based on the
principle of the inclined plane.
象爬山时选择一个平缓的坡度而不是选择一个陡峭
的坡度这样一种本能的行为, 就是基于斜面的原理之
上的 。
EXAMPLES
(4),A special use of the indefinite articles to express the
idea of "…… 一下；作一 …… ",before some abstract,
uncountable nouns
? we shall start with a study of forces.
?The Laplace transforms for various time functions are
readily obtainable through a direct application of
Eq.(2.5).
?The design of the linear feed back control systems
requires a knowledge of some aspects of information
theory.
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
? 对该电路作一定量分析是相当复杂的 。
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
A quantitative analysis of this circuit is rather involved.
?现在人们越来越认识到这一方法是很有价值的 。
There is a growing awareness that this technique is of
great value.
?本文简要而定性的讨论了一些基本概念 。
A brief qualitative discussion of some basic concepts
is presented in this paper.
Assignment after class
P 8.
Ⅰ.
Ⅱ.(1,5,9)
Ⅳ,
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
1、对系统的控制是一门跨学科的 (interdisciplinary)科目。
2、速度等于距离与时间之比。
3、图 5－ 1 Q点对晶体管工作的影响。
4、论文对其性能做了初步的分析。
5、理解二进制数字系统（ binary number systems)的基础
- 是要熟悉（一下） 2的各次幂 (power)。
6、必须确定为走完 (cover)这全部距离的一半需要多长的
- 时间。
7、图 1－ 3画出了一枚玩具“水火箭”。
Independent Work,1.
1,The control of systems is an interdisciplinary subject.
2,Speed is equal to the ratio of distance to time.
3,Figure 5-1 Effect of Q-point on operation of transistor.
4,An initial analysis of its performance has been made in
- this paper.
5,Basic to understanding the binary number systems is a
- familiarity with the powers of 2.
6, It is necessary to determine how long (a time) is
- required to cover half the total distance.
7, Fig,1-3 shows a toy, water rocket,”
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
Independent Work,1.
