Scientific English Writing
Section Ⅱ
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
1、对系统的控制是一门跨学科的 (interdisciplinary)科目。
2、速度等于距离与时间之比。
3、图 5－ 1 Q点对晶体管工作的影响。
4、论文对其性能做了初步的分析。
5、理解二进制数字系统（ binary number systems)的基础
- 是要熟悉（一下） 2的各次幂 (power)。
6、必须确定为走完 (cover)这全部距离的一半需要多长的
- 时间。
7、图 1－ 3画出了一枚玩具“水火箭”。
Independent Work,1.
1,The control of systems is an interdisciplinary subject.
2,Speed is equal to the ratio of distance to time.
3,Figure 5-1 Effect of Q-point on operation of transistor.
4,An initial analysis of its performance has been made in
- this paper.
5,Basic to understanding the binary number systems is a
- familiarity with the powers of 2.
6, It is necessary to determine how long (a time) is
- required to cover half the total distance.
7, Fig,1-3 shows a toy, water rocket,”
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
Independent Work,1.
EXERCISES
? 1,本书讨论 CAD/CAM的技术，应用及范围（ scope).
?2,用三角（ trigonometry)来描述电信号已证明是很有价值的。
This book describes the technology,applications and scope
of CAD/CAM.
The use of trigonometry to describe an electrical signal has
proved very valuable.
?3,感抗（ inductive reactance)与电阻之比被称为该电路的 Q。
The ratio of inductive reactance to resistance is called the Q
of the circuit.
4,这里使用了这两种方法的结合来设计共发放大器
(common-emitter amplifier).
Here a combination of these two methods is used
to design a common-emitter amplifier.
5,这两个值相差（ differ）多少？
By how much do these two values differ?
6,当 A与 B交成 60° 时，该物体已转了多大的角度？
By [through] what angle will the body have turned
when A makes an angle of 60 ° with B?
By how large an angle …
1),The ways to express a fraction
(1) general form
7/9
seven ninths
1/2
a (one) half
零点几伏
a few/several tenths of a volt
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
Ⅱ, NUMERALS
(2) special form
百万分之三
3 parts per (in a) million
in 106
千分之七
seven parts per (in a ) thousand
in 103
EXEMPLES
这个元件上的电流为零点零几安。
The current through this component is a few
hundredths of an ampere.
这两个参数之差为百万分之十九。
These two parameters differ by 19 parts in a
million.
The difference between these two parameters
is…
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
倍数
分数
the + 名词
+ that of …
what 从句
? This voltage is 80 times the signal applied to the
amplifier.
?Its speed is three tenths that of light.
?This current is two fifth what it was.
?该电阻器上的电压为总电压的五分之二 。
2),Numerals as pre-modifier
The voltage across this resistor is two fifths the
total voltage.
3),Translation techniques for a special pattern
Representation of the increase in the number of times
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
? 这根导线比那根长四倍 。
This wire is five times longer than that one.
?This value is nearly 4.5 times greater than the ideal one.
该数值约比理想值大 3.5倍 。
? ※ 这个系数比那个小九倍 。
This coefficient is 10 time less than that one.
This coefficient is a factor of 10 less than that one.
n times +比较级 = n times as + 原级 + as
Ⅲ PREPOSITIONS
Some meanings of some prepositions in common use
1,by
By Ohm’s law,we can get the following expression.
In this case v and i differ in phase by 90°,
By an examination of the performance of this
device,we can see its features.
2,for
For x>1,this equation does not hold.
It is necessary to solve the equation for x.
3,With
with + some abstract nouns
care
skill
difficulty
precision
accuracy
easy
这些实验应仔细地做。
These experiments should be done with care.
With a telescope,one can see objects far away.
This parameter shall be measured with Ep grounded.
4,In
Capacitance is measured in farads and frequency in
hertz.
A diode conducts only in one direction.
The wave will be back in a fraction of a second.
In our discussion of differential equations,we shall
restrict our attention to equations of the first degree,
5,On (upon)
Upon rearranging Eq.(1.5),we have the following
equation.
1,This book is ______ to electronic engineers.(极有帮助 )
2,____,Chapter 3 is the most important.（在前四章中）
3,This problem can be solved __with easy.（很容易）
4,In this case,current leads voltage __by,(90° )
5,_for,there is no solution to the equation.(若 x>0)
6,Now it is necessary for us to solve this equation _for the
unknown,(求出那个未知数 )
7,Upon substituting these values_,it is found that v is
equal to the velocity of light, (把这些值代入后 )
8,These waves travel only in one direction.(只朝一个方向 )
9,______,physicists define electric field intensity.(在研究
电学时 )
Ⅳ The verb
1,Special link verbs
?在这种情况下机器容易发热。
In this case,machines get hot easily.
?该皮带平压在滑轮（ pulley）上。
The belt lies [presses; rests] flat on the pulley.
?其结果证明是正确的。
Its result proves correct.
2,Semi-auxiliary verbs
最后提出了有待于解决的几个问题。
Finally,several problems which remain to be
solved have been presented/are put forward/are
given,
乍一看，这定律似乎与我们日常的经历相抵触。
（ contradict）
Assignment,
At first sight,this law seems to contradict our everyday
experiences.
Section Ⅱ
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
1、对系统的控制是一门跨学科的 (interdisciplinary)科目。
2、速度等于距离与时间之比。
3、图 5－ 1 Q点对晶体管工作的影响。
4、论文对其性能做了初步的分析。
5、理解二进制数字系统（ binary number systems)的基础
- 是要熟悉（一下） 2的各次幂 (power)。
6、必须确定为走完 (cover)这全部距离的一半需要多长的
- 时间。
7、图 1－ 3画出了一枚玩具“水火箭”。
Independent Work,1.
1,The control of systems is an interdisciplinary subject.
2,Speed is equal to the ratio of distance to time.
3,Figure 5-1 Effect of Q-point on operation of transistor.
4,An initial analysis of its performance has been made in
- this paper.
5,Basic to understanding the binary number systems is a
- familiarity with the powers of 2.
6, It is necessary to determine how long (a time) is
- required to cover half the total distance.
7, Fig,1-3 shows a toy, water rocket,”
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
Independent Work,1.
EXERCISES
? 1,本书讨论 CAD/CAM的技术，应用及范围（ scope).
?2,用三角（ trigonometry)来描述电信号已证明是很有价值的。
This book describes the technology,applications and scope
of CAD/CAM.
The use of trigonometry to describe an electrical signal has
proved very valuable.
?3,感抗（ inductive reactance)与电阻之比被称为该电路的 Q。
The ratio of inductive reactance to resistance is called the Q
of the circuit.
4,这里使用了这两种方法的结合来设计共发放大器
(common-emitter amplifier).
Here a combination of these two methods is used
to design a common-emitter amplifier.
5,这两个值相差（ differ）多少？
By how much do these two values differ?
6,当 A与 B交成 60° 时，该物体已转了多大的角度？
By [through] what angle will the body have turned
when A makes an angle of 60 ° with B?
By how large an angle …
1),The ways to express a fraction
(1) general form
7/9
seven ninths
1/2
a (one) half
零点几伏
a few/several tenths of a volt
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
Ⅱ, NUMERALS
(2) special form
百万分之三
3 parts per (in a) million
in 106
千分之七
seven parts per (in a ) thousand
in 103
EXEMPLES
这个元件上的电流为零点零几安。
The current through this component is a few
hundredths of an ampere.
这两个参数之差为百万分之十九。
These two parameters differ by 19 parts in a
million.
The difference between these two parameters
is…
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
倍数
分数
the + 名词
+ that of …
what 从句
? This voltage is 80 times the signal applied to the
amplifier.
?Its speed is three tenths that of light.
?This current is two fifth what it was.
?该电阻器上的电压为总电压的五分之二 。
2),Numerals as pre-modifier
The voltage across this resistor is two fifths the
total voltage.
3),Translation techniques for a special pattern
Representation of the increase in the number of times
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
? 这根导线比那根长四倍 。
This wire is five times longer than that one.
?This value is nearly 4.5 times greater than the ideal one.
该数值约比理想值大 3.5倍 。
? ※ 这个系数比那个小九倍 。
This coefficient is 10 time less than that one.
This coefficient is a factor of 10 less than that one.
n times +比较级 = n times as + 原级 + as
Ⅲ PREPOSITIONS
Some meanings of some prepositions in common use
1,by
By Ohm’s law,we can get the following expression.
In this case v and i differ in phase by 90°,
By an examination of the performance of this
device,we can see its features.
2,for
For x>1,this equation does not hold.
It is necessary to solve the equation for x.
3,With
with + some abstract nouns
care
skill
difficulty
precision
accuracy
easy
这些实验应仔细地做。
These experiments should be done with care.
With a telescope,one can see objects far away.
This parameter shall be measured with Ep grounded.
4,In
Capacitance is measured in farads and frequency in
hertz.
A diode conducts only in one direction.
The wave will be back in a fraction of a second.
In our discussion of differential equations,we shall
restrict our attention to equations of the first degree,
5,On (upon)
Upon rearranging Eq.(1.5),we have the following
equation.
1,This book is ______ to electronic engineers.(极有帮助 )
2,____,Chapter 3 is the most important.（在前四章中）
3,This problem can be solved __with easy.（很容易）
4,In this case,current leads voltage __by,(90° )
5,_for,there is no solution to the equation.(若 x>0)
6,Now it is necessary for us to solve this equation _for the
unknown,(求出那个未知数 )
7,Upon substituting these values_,it is found that v is
equal to the velocity of light, (把这些值代入后 )
8,These waves travel only in one direction.(只朝一个方向 )
9,______,physicists define electric field intensity.(在研究
电学时 )
Ⅳ The verb
1,Special link verbs
?在这种情况下机器容易发热。
In this case,machines get hot easily.
?该皮带平压在滑轮（ pulley）上。
The belt lies [presses; rests] flat on the pulley.
?其结果证明是正确的。
Its result proves correct.
2,Semi-auxiliary verbs
最后提出了有待于解决的几个问题。
Finally,several problems which remain to be
solved have been presented/are put forward/are
given,
乍一看，这定律似乎与我们日常的经历相抵触。
（ contradict）
Assignment,
At first sight,this law seems to contradict our everyday
experiences.
