Scientific English Writing
Section Ⅲ
Ⅳ The verb
1,Special link verbs
?在这种情况下机器容易发热。
In this case,machines get hot easily.
?该皮带平压在滑轮（ pulley）上。
The belt lies [presses; rests] flat on the pulley.
?其结果证明是正确的。
Its result proves correct.
2,Semi-auxiliary verbs
最后提出了有待于解决的几个问题。
Finally,several problems which remain to be
solved have been presented/are put forward/are
given,
乍一看，这定律似乎与我们日常的经历相抵触。
（ contradict）
Assignment,Ex.1 II 6,7,8,10,11,12
Ex.2 II 14,16
IV
At first sight,this law seems to contradict our everyday
experiences.
14,This coefficient remains to be determined.
16,Here we use two metal balls two meters apart.
① The primary winding of a transformer is the coil
which is fed with an alternating current,and [or,while]
the secondary winding is the coil ② to which power is
transferred via the changing flux,The designations of
the primary and the secondary ③ depends only o how
the transformer is connected; ④ either winding may be
the primary,and the either is then the secondary.
***,male and born in Funing county,jiangsu Province
in 1962,He graduated from Xidian University and
earned the B,Eng,Degree,the M,Eng,Degree,and
the Ph,D.degree ① in 1982,1985,and 1990 respectively,
In 1994 he ② was exceptionally promoted to professor,
③ Presently he holds the posts of dean of the School of
Telecommunications Engineering of Xidian University
and director of the Research Institute of Information
Science,He is an advisor for doctoral students,a fellow
of the Chinese Institute of Communications,a senior
member of IEEE,and a senior member of the ④
Chinese Institute of Electronics,
He was granted the title of,Expert with Extinguished
Achievements” of both Shaanxi Province and the
Ministry of Electronics Industry,He is a recipient of
the Government Shaanxi Province and the Ministry of
Electronics Industry,He is ⑤ a recipient of the
Government Special Subsidy.
He is engaged in the research in the fields of
mobile communication,personal communication,and
so on,He has obtained one,National Invention”
patent and won quite a few ⑥ Science and Technology
Progress Awards ⑦ at provincial and ministerial levels.
Independent work 2
1、文革前，我校的学生数仅为现在的三分之一。
2、这台计算机所存储的信息是那台的三倍。
3、必须确定解出这个难题需要多长的时间。
Before the Cultural Revolution,the number of
students in our university was only one-third what it is
now.
This computer stores three times as much
information as that one.
… three times more information than …
It is necessary to determine how long (a time) it
takes to solve this difficult problem,
4,下面举几个例子以便于说明如何使用这个表达
式。
5,这电路主要由五个元件构成的。
6,这压力只是由液体的重量产生的。 (due to )
Here are a few examples to show how this
expression is used.
This circuit consists mainly of five
components.
This pressure is due only to the weight of
the liquid,
7,这滤波器的响应特性（ response characteristic）
等效于维恩电桥。
8,这个电路的工作情况类似于图 1－ 10的电路。
9,试求该球 10秒后的速度。
The response characteristic of this filter is
equivalent to that of Wien bridge.
This circuit is similar in operation to the
circuit of Fig.1-10.
Find the velocity of the ball 10s later.
[2] Requirement,The underlined part in each sentence
must be expressed by a prepositional phrase.
1,在这些（式子）中,只有式（ 12－ 5）会引起问题。
2,在我们讨论这一课题时,我们将注意力限于其基本原理上。
3,一旦加上合适的控制信号后,该触发器（ flip-flop）就将改变
储存的信息。
Of these equations,only Eq,12.5 will cause
problems.
In our discussion of this subject,we shall restrict
our attention to its basic principles.
Upon the application of proper control signal,the
flip-flop will change the stored information.
4、这缓冲器（ buffer）能提供 4mA的 输出驱动电
流。
5、我们 借助于电场（ electric field）这一概念 描述
电荷之间的相互作用。
6、现在必须从式（ 4－ 10） 求出 t来 。
4,This buffer can supply an output drive current
of 4 mA.
5,We describe interaction among charges with
the help of the concept of electric field.
6,Now it is necessary to solve equation (4-10) for t.
Ⅴ The adverb
as a post-modifier
那里的压力达到了如此大的数值以至于会产生灾难。
The pressure there has reached so great a value
that a disaster will take place,
above,below,here,there,around,nearby…
现在的问题是要确定电流的大小。
The problem now is to determine the magnitude
of the current.
now,then,today,tomorrow…
相距 40cm的两本书静放在一张桌子上。
Two books forty centimeters apart lie stationary
on a table.
These data will be sent to the computing center
three miles away.
Before 1960,the standard of time was the
interval of time between successive appearances of
the sun overhead,averaged over a year,and called
the mean solar day.
Ⅵ, The adjective
1,as a post-modifier
现有的化学书均提到了这一反应。
The chemistry books available all mention this
reaction.
obtainable,achievable,possible…
一个原子中的质子数等于存在的电子数
The number of protons in an atom is equal to that of
electrons present.
现在计算机并不是什么神秘的东西了。
Now computers are not something mysterious.
There are many problems,both technological
and financial,that remain to be solved.
每个物体，不论大小，都具有引力。
Every object,large or small,possess gravitation.
图 5画出了两条 10厘米长的平行线。
Figure 5 shows two parallels lines 10 cm long.
2,Functions of adjective phrase
大于任何数的一个量被称为无穷大。
A quantity greater than any number is called infinity.
所有这些方程都可以用类似于上面所述的方法来解。
All these equations can be solved in the way (by the
method) similar to that described above.
(1) as a post-modifier
由于这设备体积小、重量轻，在部队很受欢迎。
Small in size and light in weight,this device is
warmly received in the army (armed forces).
该力垂直于地球表面起作用。
This forces acts perpendicular (vertical,normal)
to the surface of the earth.
(2) as an adverbial
perpendicular to
normal to
vertical to
parallel to
similar to
proportional to
adjective phrase as an
adverbial
Ⅵ, The possessive pron.
水和二氧化碳（ carbon dioxide）属于能吸收红外线
（ infrared)的物质。它们在大气中的存在产生了隔离
效应。
Water and carbon dioxide are among [belong to;are]
substances that (can) absorb the infrared,Their
presence in the atmosphere has [produces; gives] an
insulating effect,
由于反馈在电子线路中起着重要作用，所以对它的研究
很重要。
Because feed back plays an important role in electric
circuit,its study is of great importance.
Ⅶ, The noun
1,A noun phrase expressing size may act as a post-
modifier
这辆警车装备了一台砖头那么大小的袖珍接收机。
The police car is equipped with a portable
receiver the size of a brick.
在这种情况下，必须对该设备进行水冷却。
In this case,it is necessary to water cool this
device.
2,A single noun with a zero article acts as an
adverbial.
过去，长途电话是靠接线员连接的。
Trunk calls used to be operator connected.
这个力与该物体离地心的距离的平方成反比。
This force decreases [falls] inversely with [is inversely
proportional to] the square of the distance of the body
from the earth’s center.
3,Noun and preposition
The superiority of radar to ordinary vision lies
in the greater distances at which seeing is
possible with radar,
4,A noun phrase acts as appositive to the whole sentence
before.
要做到这一点，就需要把一切情况都考虑进去；
这一步骤是十分复杂的。
Doing this needs to take everything into
consideration [account],a very complex process,
The car noses up when it accelerates,a
familiar effect.
测量过程是物理学中最基本的操作，它在本章将
简要地加以讨论。
The most fundamental operation in Physics,
the process of measurement will be discussed
briefly in this chapter.
5,A long appositive to the subject is often put before the
subject.
西安电子科技大学是全国重点大学之一，它创建
于 1931年。
One of the national key universities,XIDIAN
university was founded in 1931.
Assignment:
P.24 Ex,2 II-19,27,28
P.32 Ex,3 II-7,10,14,16,19
optional IV-1,2
Section Ⅲ
Ⅳ The verb
1,Special link verbs
?在这种情况下机器容易发热。
In this case,machines get hot easily.
?该皮带平压在滑轮（ pulley）上。
The belt lies [presses; rests] flat on the pulley.
?其结果证明是正确的。
Its result proves correct.
2,Semi-auxiliary verbs
最后提出了有待于解决的几个问题。
Finally,several problems which remain to be
solved have been presented/are put forward/are
given,
乍一看，这定律似乎与我们日常的经历相抵触。
（ contradict）
Assignment,Ex.1 II 6,7,8,10,11,12
Ex.2 II 14,16
IV
At first sight,this law seems to contradict our everyday
experiences.
14,This coefficient remains to be determined.
16,Here we use two metal balls two meters apart.
① The primary winding of a transformer is the coil
which is fed with an alternating current,and [or,while]
the secondary winding is the coil ② to which power is
transferred via the changing flux,The designations of
the primary and the secondary ③ depends only o how
the transformer is connected; ④ either winding may be
the primary,and the either is then the secondary.
***,male and born in Funing county,jiangsu Province
in 1962,He graduated from Xidian University and
earned the B,Eng,Degree,the M,Eng,Degree,and
the Ph,D.degree ① in 1982,1985,and 1990 respectively,
In 1994 he ② was exceptionally promoted to professor,
③ Presently he holds the posts of dean of the School of
Telecommunications Engineering of Xidian University
and director of the Research Institute of Information
Science,He is an advisor for doctoral students,a fellow
of the Chinese Institute of Communications,a senior
member of IEEE,and a senior member of the ④
Chinese Institute of Electronics,
He was granted the title of,Expert with Extinguished
Achievements” of both Shaanxi Province and the
Ministry of Electronics Industry,He is a recipient of
the Government Shaanxi Province and the Ministry of
Electronics Industry,He is ⑤ a recipient of the
Government Special Subsidy.
He is engaged in the research in the fields of
mobile communication,personal communication,and
so on,He has obtained one,National Invention”
patent and won quite a few ⑥ Science and Technology
Progress Awards ⑦ at provincial and ministerial levels.
Independent work 2
1、文革前，我校的学生数仅为现在的三分之一。
2、这台计算机所存储的信息是那台的三倍。
3、必须确定解出这个难题需要多长的时间。
Before the Cultural Revolution,the number of
students in our university was only one-third what it is
now.
This computer stores three times as much
information as that one.
… three times more information than …
It is necessary to determine how long (a time) it
takes to solve this difficult problem,
4,下面举几个例子以便于说明如何使用这个表达
式。
5,这电路主要由五个元件构成的。
6,这压力只是由液体的重量产生的。 (due to )
Here are a few examples to show how this
expression is used.
This circuit consists mainly of five
components.
This pressure is due only to the weight of
the liquid,
7,这滤波器的响应特性（ response characteristic）
等效于维恩电桥。
8,这个电路的工作情况类似于图 1－ 10的电路。
9,试求该球 10秒后的速度。
The response characteristic of this filter is
equivalent to that of Wien bridge.
This circuit is similar in operation to the
circuit of Fig.1-10.
Find the velocity of the ball 10s later.
[2] Requirement,The underlined part in each sentence
must be expressed by a prepositional phrase.
1,在这些（式子）中,只有式（ 12－ 5）会引起问题。
2,在我们讨论这一课题时,我们将注意力限于其基本原理上。
3,一旦加上合适的控制信号后,该触发器（ flip-flop）就将改变
储存的信息。
Of these equations,only Eq,12.5 will cause
problems.
In our discussion of this subject,we shall restrict
our attention to its basic principles.
Upon the application of proper control signal,the
flip-flop will change the stored information.
4、这缓冲器（ buffer）能提供 4mA的 输出驱动电
流。
5、我们 借助于电场（ electric field）这一概念 描述
电荷之间的相互作用。
6、现在必须从式（ 4－ 10） 求出 t来 。
4,This buffer can supply an output drive current
of 4 mA.
5,We describe interaction among charges with
the help of the concept of electric field.
6,Now it is necessary to solve equation (4-10) for t.
Ⅴ The adverb
as a post-modifier
那里的压力达到了如此大的数值以至于会产生灾难。
The pressure there has reached so great a value
that a disaster will take place,
above,below,here,there,around,nearby…
现在的问题是要确定电流的大小。
The problem now is to determine the magnitude
of the current.
now,then,today,tomorrow…
相距 40cm的两本书静放在一张桌子上。
Two books forty centimeters apart lie stationary
on a table.
These data will be sent to the computing center
three miles away.
Before 1960,the standard of time was the
interval of time between successive appearances of
the sun overhead,averaged over a year,and called
the mean solar day.
Ⅵ, The adjective
1,as a post-modifier
现有的化学书均提到了这一反应。
The chemistry books available all mention this
reaction.
obtainable,achievable,possible…
一个原子中的质子数等于存在的电子数
The number of protons in an atom is equal to that of
electrons present.
现在计算机并不是什么神秘的东西了。
Now computers are not something mysterious.
There are many problems,both technological
and financial,that remain to be solved.
每个物体，不论大小，都具有引力。
Every object,large or small,possess gravitation.
图 5画出了两条 10厘米长的平行线。
Figure 5 shows two parallels lines 10 cm long.
2,Functions of adjective phrase
大于任何数的一个量被称为无穷大。
A quantity greater than any number is called infinity.
所有这些方程都可以用类似于上面所述的方法来解。
All these equations can be solved in the way (by the
method) similar to that described above.
(1) as a post-modifier
由于这设备体积小、重量轻，在部队很受欢迎。
Small in size and light in weight,this device is
warmly received in the army (armed forces).
该力垂直于地球表面起作用。
This forces acts perpendicular (vertical,normal)
to the surface of the earth.
(2) as an adverbial
perpendicular to
normal to
vertical to
parallel to
similar to
proportional to
adjective phrase as an
adverbial
Ⅵ, The possessive pron.
水和二氧化碳（ carbon dioxide）属于能吸收红外线
（ infrared)的物质。它们在大气中的存在产生了隔离
效应。
Water and carbon dioxide are among [belong to;are]
substances that (can) absorb the infrared,Their
presence in the atmosphere has [produces; gives] an
insulating effect,
由于反馈在电子线路中起着重要作用，所以对它的研究
很重要。
Because feed back plays an important role in electric
circuit,its study is of great importance.
Ⅶ, The noun
1,A noun phrase expressing size may act as a post-
modifier
这辆警车装备了一台砖头那么大小的袖珍接收机。
The police car is equipped with a portable
receiver the size of a brick.
在这种情况下，必须对该设备进行水冷却。
In this case,it is necessary to water cool this
device.
2,A single noun with a zero article acts as an
adverbial.
过去，长途电话是靠接线员连接的。
Trunk calls used to be operator connected.
这个力与该物体离地心的距离的平方成反比。
This force decreases [falls] inversely with [is inversely
proportional to] the square of the distance of the body
from the earth’s center.
3,Noun and preposition
The superiority of radar to ordinary vision lies
in the greater distances at which seeing is
possible with radar,
4,A noun phrase acts as appositive to the whole sentence
before.
要做到这一点，就需要把一切情况都考虑进去；
这一步骤是十分复杂的。
Doing this needs to take everything into
consideration [account],a very complex process,
The car noses up when it accelerates,a
familiar effect.
测量过程是物理学中最基本的操作，它在本章将
简要地加以讨论。
The most fundamental operation in Physics,
the process of measurement will be discussed
briefly in this chapter.
5,A long appositive to the subject is often put before the
subject.
西安电子科技大学是全国重点大学之一，它创建
于 1931年。
One of the national key universities,XIDIAN
university was founded in 1931.
Assignment:
P.24 Ex,2 II-19,27,28
P.32 Ex,3 II-7,10,14,16,19
optional IV-1,2
